In research on information structure and discourse cohesion, contrast has been defined in different ways, depending on the pragmatic/semantic relation established between the propositions involved in the contrast, on the text types and on other discourse conditions. As a whole, despite – or possibly because of – its vagueness, contrast has proved to be a useful heuristic tool for characterizing discourse cohesion phenomena. This paper focuses on results from our research concerning cohesion phenomena in elicited discourse in Romance (Italian, French) and Germanic (German, Dutch) languages and aims to offer a more precise characterization of contrast against several variation parameters. We take into consideration earlier work on three tasks (Finite Story, Polarity-Switch Dialogues, Map Task) and add a new one (Spot the Difference). The comparison between the results allows us to disentangle the following variables: information units involved in the contrast relation; discourse conditions (monologue vs. dialogue); speakers’ access to information (shared vs. non-shared); effect of contrast on information in the common ground (alternative maintained vs. rejected). The aim is to achieve a more fine-grained definition of contrast relations, which allows us to identify and characterize the divergent behavior of Romance and Germanic languages, and to relate intra- and crosslinguistic differences revealed by speakers’ preferences in speech with structural specificities of the two language groups.
在信息结构和语篇衔接的研究中，根据对比所涉及的命题之间建立的语用/语义关系、语篇类型和其他语篇条件，对比的定义有不同的方式。总的来说，尽管——或者可能正是因为——对比的模糊性，对比被证明是表征语篇衔接现象的一种有用的启发式工具。本文重点介绍了我们对罗曼语(意大利语、法语)和日耳曼语(德语、荷兰语)引申语篇衔接现象的研究结果，旨在通过几个变异参数对对比进行更精确的表征。我们考虑了之前的三个任务(Finite Story, polar - switch Dialogues, Map Task)，并添加了一个新任务(Spot the Difference)。结果之间的比较使我们能够理清以下变量:对比关系中涉及的信息单位;话语条件(独白vs.对话);说话者对信息的获取(共享与非共享);对比对共同基础上的信息的影响(维持与拒绝的选择)。目的是对对比关系进行更精细的定义，从而使我们能够识别和描述罗曼语族和日耳曼语族的不同行为，并将说话者的言语偏好所揭示的语言内部和跨语言差异与两种语言群体的结构特异性联系起来。
{"title":"Contrast marking variation in Romance and Germanic languages","authors":"C. Andorno, S. Benazzo, C. Dimroth","doi":"10.1075/fol.22018.and","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22018.and","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In research on information structure and discourse cohesion, contrast has been defined in different ways,\u0000 depending on the pragmatic/semantic relation established between the propositions involved in the contrast, on the text types and\u0000 on other discourse conditions. As a whole, despite – or possibly because of – its vagueness, contrast has proved to be a useful\u0000 heuristic tool for characterizing discourse cohesion phenomena. This paper focuses on results from our research concerning\u0000 cohesion phenomena in elicited discourse in Romance (Italian, French) and Germanic (German, Dutch) languages and aims to offer a\u0000 more precise characterization of contrast against several variation parameters. We take into consideration earlier work on three\u0000 tasks (Finite Story, Polarity-Switch Dialogues, Map Task) and add a new one\u0000 (Spot the Difference). The comparison between the results allows us to disentangle the following variables:\u0000 information units involved in the contrast relation; discourse conditions (monologue vs. dialogue); speakers’ access to\u0000 information (shared vs. non-shared); effect of contrast on information in the common ground (alternative maintained vs. rejected).\u0000 The aim is to achieve a more fine-grained definition of contrast relations, which allows us to identify and characterize the\u0000 divergent behavior of Romance and Germanic languages, and to relate intra- and crosslinguistic differences revealed by speakers’\u0000 preferences in speech with structural specificities of the two language groups.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43981012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When a ‘say’ clause is combined with a quoted-speech clause, one of two hypothetical pathways may be followed: (a) a complementation pathway on which the ‘say’ clause takes the quoted-speech clause as its complement clause and thus becomes its matrix clause; (b) a conjoining pathway which involves no syntactic operation but rather the loss of a prosodic gap between the two. Following the second pathway, ‘say’ may become grammaticalized into a quotative particle. On neither pathway is ‘say’ grammaticalized into a complementizer. It is proposed that cross-linguistically so-called ‘say’ complementizers, including the alleged Chinese complementizer shuō, are more likely to be not complementizers but rather quotative particles.
{"title":"Do ‘say’ verbs really grammaticalize into complementizers through clause combination?","authors":"Haiping Long, Chuanlin Deng","doi":"10.1075/fol.21023.den","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.21023.den","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When a ‘say’ clause is combined with a quoted-speech clause, one of two hypothetical pathways may be followed: (a)\u0000 a complementation pathway on which the ‘say’ clause takes the quoted-speech clause as its complement clause and thus becomes its\u0000 matrix clause; (b) a conjoining pathway which involves no syntactic operation but rather the loss of a prosodic gap between the\u0000 two. Following the second pathway, ‘say’ may become grammaticalized into a quotative particle. On neither pathway is ‘say’\u0000 grammaticalized into a complementizer. It is proposed that cross-linguistically so-called ‘say’ complementizers, including the\u0000 alleged Chinese complementizer shuō, are more likely to be not complementizers but rather quotative\u0000 particles.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48315904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the methodology of Grounded Theory, this study aims to identify and analyze the perceptions and functions of self-denigration in dissertation defenses. The data comprises transcripts of two focus group discussions and the disputation sections of a corpus of 53 applied linguistics doctoral defense sessions gathered from 14 Iranian state universities between 2019 and 2021. The findings suggest that self-denigration depends to a great extent on the role of the participants in a disputation, and it is used before or after a criticism or a response to criticism. The analysis of the data revealed that self-denigration as a sign of respectfulness and modesty in a defense contributes to social decorum, diffidence, coercive self-deprecation, contrived modesty, or flamboyance. This study highlights the importance of self-denigration in the oral academic discourse of EFL defense sessions and has pedagogical implications for oral academic literacy practices.
{"title":"Self-denigration in academic discourse","authors":"N. Mayahi, A. Jalilifar","doi":"10.1075/fol.22021.may","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22021.may","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the methodology of Grounded Theory, this study aims to identify and analyze the perceptions and functions of\u0000 self-denigration in dissertation defenses. The data comprises transcripts of two focus group discussions and the disputation\u0000 sections of a corpus of 53 applied linguistics doctoral defense sessions gathered from 14 Iranian state universities between 2019\u0000 and 2021. The findings suggest that self-denigration depends to a great extent on the role of the participants in a disputation,\u0000 and it is used before or after a criticism or a response to criticism. The analysis of the data revealed that self-denigration as\u0000 a sign of respectfulness and modesty in a defense contributes to social decorum, diffidence, coercive self-deprecation, contrived\u0000 modesty, or flamboyance. This study highlights the importance of self-denigration in the oral academic discourse of EFL defense\u0000 sessions and has pedagogical implications for oral academic literacy practices.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49668668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two theoretical viewpoints provide different explanations about how people extract statistical regularities from input to assess the felicity of verb usage in a sentence. The lexical approach emphasizes the role of verb frequency in determining a verb’s distributional bias within a sentence, whereas the entrenchment hypothesis highlights the conjoined roles of the frequency information from both a verb and an argument structure construction. The present study tests these accounts by investigating Korean speakers’ interpretation of two dative patterns in Korean (Dative–Accusative and Accusative–Accusative). Through the analysis of a large-scale corpus, we calculated the frequency of each dative pattern as well as the frequency of dative verbs occurring therein. Using this information, we conducted an acceptability judgment task with Korean speakers by manipulating the dative type and the verb frequency. The results showed that the speakers’ acceptability rating behavior was affected by the interaction between the verb and construction frequency such that highly entrenched verb–construction combinations were evaluated to be more acceptable. Our finding supports the entrenchment hypothesis that emphasizes the conjoined roles of usage frequency of verbs and constructions in sentence comprehension.
{"title":"Effects of verb and construction frequency in sentence comprehension","authors":"Hyunwoo Kim, Gyu-Ho Shin","doi":"10.1075/fol.22028.kim","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22028.kim","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two theoretical viewpoints provide different explanations about how people extract statistical regularities from\u0000 input to assess the felicity of verb usage in a sentence. The lexical approach emphasizes the role of verb frequency in\u0000 determining a verb’s distributional bias within a sentence, whereas the entrenchment hypothesis highlights the conjoined roles of the frequency information from both a verb and an argument structure construction. The present study tests these accounts by\u0000 investigating Korean speakers’ interpretation of two dative patterns in Korean (Dative–Accusative and Accusative–Accusative).\u0000 Through the analysis of a large-scale corpus, we calculated the frequency of each dative pattern as well as the frequency of\u0000 dative verbs occurring therein. Using this information, we conducted an acceptability judgment task with Korean speakers by\u0000 manipulating the dative type and the verb frequency. The results showed that the speakers’ acceptability rating behavior was\u0000 affected by the interaction between the verb and construction frequency such that highly entrenched verb–construction\u0000 combinations were evaluated to be more acceptable. Our finding supports the entrenchment hypothesis that emphasizes the conjoined\u0000 roles of usage frequency of verbs and constructions in sentence comprehension.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49165799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a number of refinements to the original theory of Exchange Structure as first conceived. It first offers a summary of the early ideas and considers challenges made by others. The study responds to these challenges through new analysis of multiparty discourse. The paper discusses revisions to the model based on these challenges drawing on the iterative analysis conducted and considers other points relevant to multiparty discourse. The data is drawn from transcribed video recordings of small groups of 4 to 5 year-old children’s peer-led dialogic interactions as they engage in role-play. In addition to the development of Exchange Structure theory, this new analysis sheds light on the nature of negotiation within multiparty discourse and the dynamics of negotiation by young children in this playful context.
{"title":"Exchange Structure: Refinements to the model through a study of multiparty discourse of 4 to 5 year-old children","authors":"Margaret Berry, Sarah Jane Mukherjee","doi":"10.1075/fol.22016.ber","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22016.ber","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper proposes a number of refinements to the original theory of Exchange Structure as first conceived. It first offers a summary of the early ideas and considers challenges made by others. The study responds to these challenges through new analysis of multiparty discourse. The paper discusses revisions to the model based on these challenges drawing on the iterative analysis conducted and considers other points relevant to multiparty discourse. The data is drawn from transcribed video recordings of small groups of 4 to 5 year-old children’s peer-led dialogic interactions as they engage in role-play. In addition to the development of Exchange Structure theory, this new analysis sheds light on the nature of negotiation within multiparty discourse and the dynamics of negotiation by young children in this playful context.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49625805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Maagerø, Mulvad & Tønnessen (2022): Women in social semiotics and SFL: Making a difference","authors":"Rebekah Wegener","doi":"10.1075/fol.00044.weg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00044.weg","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41353434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Verschueren (2022): Complicity in discourse and practice","authors":"B. Hodge","doi":"10.1075/fol.00046.hod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00046.hod","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42750150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Traugott (2022): Discourse structuring markers in English: A historical constructionalist perspective on pragmatics","authors":"B. Heine, Haiping Long","doi":"10.1075/fol.00045.hei","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00045.hei","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47013468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews The Oxford handbook of language prosody 9780198832232
本文回顾了牛津语言韵律手册9780198832232
{"title":"Review of Gussenhoven & Chen (2020): The Oxford handbook of language prosody","authors":"Gerard O’Grady","doi":"10.1075/fol.00035.gra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00035.gra","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews The Oxford handbook of language prosody 9780198832232","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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