This paper puts forward the hypothesis that wh-exclamatives in Present-day English are much more genre-specific than has previously been acknowledged. To test this, prototypical how- and what-exclamatives are searched for in three different corpora containing material from conceptually oral language, that is prose fiction, personal letters and informal, spontaneous face-to-face conversations. The results show that in terms of token frequency, wh-exclamatives are most frequent in personal letters, a genre which has hitherto not been linked with exclamatives. Furthermore, the outcomes demonstrate that each genre shows a different distribution of exclamatives. In all cases, the different structural realizations (clausal vs. non-clausal form) can be connected to the function the exclamative fulfills in the respective genre and to the general properties of the three distinct text types. The results compel us to consider that exclamatives might be more specialized than has been believed so far.
{"title":"The genre specifics of English wh-exclamatives","authors":"Daniela Schröder","doi":"10.1075/fol.22013.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22013.sch","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper puts forward the hypothesis that wh-exclamatives in Present-day English are much more\u0000 genre-specific than has previously been acknowledged. To test this, prototypical how- and\u0000 what-exclamatives are searched for in three different corpora containing material from conceptually oral\u0000 language, that is prose fiction, personal letters and informal, spontaneous face-to-face conversations. The results show that in\u0000 terms of token frequency, wh-exclamatives are most frequent in personal letters, a genre which has hitherto not\u0000 been linked with exclamatives. Furthermore, the outcomes demonstrate that each genre shows a different distribution of\u0000 exclamatives. In all cases, the different structural realizations (clausal vs. non-clausal form) can be connected to the function\u0000 the exclamative fulfills in the respective genre and to the general properties of the three distinct text types. The results\u0000 compel us to consider that exclamatives might be more specialized than has been believed so far.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Yang (2022): Non-finiteness: A process-relation perspective","authors":"Akila Sellami Baklouti","doi":"10.1075/fol.00051.bak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00051.bak","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41297942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Huang (2022): Toward multimodal pragmatics: A Study of illocutionary force in Chinese situated discourse","authors":"Yanhua Cheng","doi":"10.1075/fol.00052.che","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00052.che","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial announcement","authors":"Martin Hilpert, J. Lachlan Mackenzie","doi":"10.1075/fol.00048.edi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00048.edi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135677952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Ngo, Hood, Martin, Painter, Smith & Zappavigna (2022): Modelling paralanguage using systemic functional semiotics: Theory and application","authors":"Zhigang Yu","doi":"10.1075/fol.00049.yu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00049.yu","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43924048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuative and contrastive discourse relations across discourse domains","authors":"Matthias Klumm, A. Fetzer, E. Keizer","doi":"10.1075/fol.00050.klu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00050.klu","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49413102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proposals such as continuity and causality-by-default relate the level of expectedness of a relation to its linguistic marking as an explicit or implicit relation. We investigate these two proposals with regard to the English transcripts of six TED Talks and their Lithuanian, Portuguese and Turkish translations in the TED-Multilingual Discourse Bank (TED-MDB), annotated for discourse relations, following the Penn Discourse Treebank style of annotation. Our data shows that the discontinuous relations contrast and concession are indeed frequently explicit in all languages. But continuous relations show differences per relation and language. For instance, cause is frequently conveyed implicitly in English and Portuguese, but not in Lithuanian and Turkish. We explore temporal continuity by analysing whether the forward-order sense result is more frequently implicit than the backward-order reason. The hypothesis is confirmed by English and Portuguese, but not Lithuanian and Turkish. However, in Turkish, the arguments of the backward-order relation reason are frequently presented by the reversed order of arguments, retaining the linear order of events even in the presence of the connective. The causality-by-default hypothesis is not confirmed, as cause is not the most frequent implicit relation in the four languages.
{"title":"Explicitness and implicitness of discourse relations in a multilingual discourse bank","authors":"Amália Mendes, Deniz Zeyrek, G. Oleškevičienė","doi":"10.1075/fol.22011.men","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22011.men","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Proposals such as continuity and causality-by-default relate the level of expectedness of a relation to its\u0000 linguistic marking as an explicit or implicit relation. We investigate these two proposals with regard to the English transcripts\u0000 of six TED Talks and their Lithuanian, Portuguese and Turkish translations in the TED-Multilingual Discourse Bank (TED-MDB),\u0000 annotated for discourse relations, following the Penn Discourse Treebank style of annotation. Our data shows that the\u0000 discontinuous relations contrast and concession are indeed frequently explicit in all languages. But continuous\u0000 relations show differences per relation and language. For instance, cause is frequently conveyed implicitly in English\u0000 and Portuguese, but not in Lithuanian and Turkish. We explore temporal continuity by analysing whether the forward-order sense\u0000 result is more frequently implicit than the backward-order reason. The hypothesis is confirmed by English\u0000 and Portuguese, but not Lithuanian and Turkish. However, in Turkish, the arguments of the backward-order relation reason\u0000 are frequently presented by the reversed order of arguments, retaining the linear order of events even in the presence of the\u0000 connective. The causality-by-default hypothesis is not confirmed, as cause is not the most frequent implicit relation in\u0000 the four languages.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42138385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuity and discontinuity (maintaining or shifting deictic centres across segments) are important aspects of discourse relations. Yet they have been attributed to these relations in very different ways. This calls for an analysis of individual instances of discourse relations with respect to their continuity dimensions. To this end, we operationalise Givón’s (1993) continuity dimensions (time, space, reference, action, perspective, modality, and speech act), decomposing them into distinctive features that allow a consistent and accurate classification of the continuity dimensions in discourse relation tokens. This inventory was applied to five representative relation types (causal, contrastive, conditional, elaboration, and temporal) from the RST Discourse Treebank (Carlson & Marcu 2001). We found that relations can simultaneously be more continuous for some dimensions but more discontinuous for others. What is more, discourse relations typically vary widely in different continuity dimensions and thus cannot be described as fully continuous or discontinuous, neither on the level of the entire relation type nor for one of its particular dimensions. Using examples of causal, conditional, and contrastive relations, we also illustrate how the results of our analysis can be used to verify hypotheses about correlations between continuity and discourse relations.
连续性和非连续性(在语段之间保持或转移指示中心)是语篇关系的重要方面。然而，人们以非常不同的方式将它们归因于这些关系。这就要求对话语关系的个别实例进行分析，考虑到它们的连续性维度。为此，我们运用Givón(1993)的连续性维度(时间、空间、参考、行动、视角、情态和言语行为)，将它们分解成不同的特征，从而对话语关系标记中的连续性维度进行一致和准确的分类。该清单应用于RST话语树库中的五种代表性关系类型(因果关系、对比关系、条件关系、阐述关系和时间关系)(Carlson & Marcu 2001)。我们发现关系可以同时在某些维度上更连续，而在其他维度上更不连续。更重要的是，话语关系在不同的连续性维度上通常变化很大，因此无论是在整个关系类型的层面上，还是在其特定维度上，都不能被描述为完全连续或不连续。通过使用因果关系、条件关系和对比关系的例子，我们还说明了如何使用我们的分析结果来验证关于连续性和话语关系之间相关性的假设。
{"title":"Continuity in discourse relations","authors":"Debopam Das, Markus Egg","doi":"10.1075/fol.22017.das","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22017.das","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Continuity and discontinuity (maintaining or shifting deictic centres across segments) are important aspects of\u0000 discourse relations. Yet they have been attributed to these relations in very different ways. This calls for an analysis of\u0000 individual instances of discourse relations with respect to their continuity dimensions. To this end, we operationalise Givón’s (1993) continuity dimensions (time, space, reference, action,\u0000 perspective, modality, and speech act), decomposing them into distinctive features that allow a\u0000 consistent and accurate classification of the continuity dimensions in discourse relation tokens. This inventory was applied to\u0000 five representative relation types (causal, contrastive, conditional, elaboration, and\u0000 temporal) from the RST Discourse Treebank (Carlson & Marcu 2001). We\u0000 found that relations can simultaneously be more continuous for some dimensions but more discontinuous for others. What is more,\u0000 discourse relations typically vary widely in different continuity dimensions and thus cannot be described as fully continuous or\u0000 discontinuous, neither on the level of the entire relation type nor for one of its particular dimensions. Using examples of\u0000 causal, conditional, and contrastive relations, we also illustrate how the results of our analysis\u0000 can be used to verify hypotheses about correlations between continuity and discourse relations.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44419555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the linguistic realization of continuative discourse relations in British English written discourse comparing narrative and argumentative dyadically edited texts. The data comprise 18 co-edited texts and metadata documenting the editing process (keystroke logs and transcripts of the dyads negotiating discursive well-formedness). The focus of analysis lies on the linguistic realization of coordinating continuation and narration, which keep the discourse on the same level, and on the linguistic realization of subordinating elaboration and explanation, which introduce a deeper level in the discourse hierarchy. Special attention is paid to contexts in which the discourse relations are encoded in intra-clausal coherence strands, and to contexts in which they are additionally signalled in the peripheries. The quantitative analysis of the signalling of continuative discourse relations shows genre-specific preferences for the signalling of continuation and elaboration in the argumentative data, and continuation, narration and explanation in the narrative data. Both the products of the edited data, the co-edited texts, and the metadata show that the linguistic realization and interpretation of continuative discourse relations are – to varying degrees – subject to recontextualization. We suggest that this variation provides evidence for (1) discourse relations as constitutive parts of discourse grammar, and (2) genre as a blueprint which constrains their linguistic realization.
{"title":"The linguistic realization of continuative discourse relations in English discourse","authors":"A. Fetzer, Matthias Klumm","doi":"10.1075/fol.22010.fet","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22010.fet","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the linguistic realization of continuative discourse relations in British English written discourse comparing narrative and argumentative dyadically edited texts. The data comprise 18 co-edited texts and metadata documenting the editing process (keystroke logs and transcripts of the dyads negotiating discursive well-formedness). The focus of analysis lies on the linguistic realization of coordinating continuation and narration, which keep the discourse on the same level, and on the linguistic realization of subordinating elaboration and explanation, which introduce a deeper level in the discourse hierarchy. Special attention is paid to contexts in which the discourse relations are encoded in intra-clausal coherence strands, and to contexts in which they are additionally signalled in the peripheries. The quantitative analysis of the signalling of continuative discourse relations shows genre-specific preferences for the signalling of continuation and elaboration in the argumentative data, and continuation, narration and explanation in the narrative data. Both the products of the edited data, the co-edited texts, and the metadata show that the linguistic realization and interpretation of continuative discourse relations are – to varying degrees – subject to recontextualization. We suggest that this variation provides evidence for (1) discourse relations as constitutive parts of discourse grammar, and (2) genre as a blueprint which constrains their linguistic realization.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution aims to set out the effects of discourse marking on processing. On the basis of examples from Spanish, we try to show the principles governing the interplay between the procedural meaning of discourse markers (connectives) and the conceptual meaning of the discourse segments linked by them. To determine these principles, two types of experiments were performed: one comparing marked and unmarked utterances, and a second one comparing utterances that activate mental representations that pragmatically match or clash with the instruction encoded by the connective. Evidence shows that (a) discourse marking by means of a connective generates a new route for accessing information; (b) procedural meaning is a definitory feature of connectives; (c) the procedural meaning of connectives introduces asymmetry and rigidity into discourse as to conceptual meanings; (d) in mismatches between the assumption activated by the instructions of a connective and mind-stored assumptions, accommodation processes may take place, which are effortful but seek to guarantee the retrieval of cognitive effects from the utterance.
{"title":"Adjustment, mismatches and accommodation of procedural and conceptual meaning","authors":"Inés Recio Fernández, Óscar Loureda, Adriana Cruz","doi":"10.1075/fol.22020.rec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.22020.rec","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution aims to set out the effects of discourse marking on processing. On the basis of examples from Spanish, we try to show the principles governing the interplay between the procedural meaning of discourse markers (connectives) and the conceptual meaning of the discourse segments linked by them. To determine these principles, two types of experiments were performed: one comparing marked and unmarked utterances, and a second one comparing utterances that activate mental representations that pragmatically match or clash with the instruction encoded by the connective. Evidence shows that (a) discourse marking by means of a connective generates a new route for accessing information; (b) procedural meaning is a definitory feature of connectives; (c) the procedural meaning of connectives introduces asymmetry and rigidity into discourse as to conceptual meanings; (d) in mismatches between the assumption activated by the instructions of a connective and mind-stored assumptions, accommodation processes may take place, which are effortful but seek to guarantee the retrieval of cognitive effects from the utterance.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48079581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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