This paper quantitatively measures the distribution of dialogic elements across structural units in the introductory chapters of history theses with the aim of uncovering the roles of dialogic elements in constructing texts. The research was designed to test Bakhtin’s perspective on genre, which holds that viewpoints introduced into a discourse dialogise the text in such a way as to fulfil the text’s goals and structure the text. Results showed significant differences in the densities of dialogic elements across structural units; units that review previous research are highly dialogic, whereas units that present the author’s new research are seldom dialogised. Specifically, previous viewpoints tended to be dialogically endorsed in units that assert the importance of the research topic and dialogically disclaimed in units that indicated problems with previous research. The paper concludes that genre research and pedagogy need to emphasise the strategic deployment of dialogic elements that enable the successful structuring of texts. This study is intended to be one of the first methodological attempts to test the text structuring function of dialogic elements from a corpus-based investigation.
{"title":"Interacting voices structure a text","authors":"Tomoko Sawaki","doi":"10.1075/fol.17037.saw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.17037.saw","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper quantitatively measures the distribution of dialogic elements across structural units in the introductory chapters of history theses with the aim of uncovering the roles of dialogic elements in constructing texts. The research was designed to test Bakhtin’s perspective on genre, which holds that viewpoints introduced into a discourse dialogise the text in such a way as to fulfil the text’s goals and structure the text. Results showed significant differences in the densities of dialogic elements across structural units; units that review previous research are highly dialogic, whereas units that present the author’s new research are seldom dialogised. Specifically, previous viewpoints tended to be dialogically endorsed in units that assert the importance of the research topic and dialogically disclaimed in units that indicated problems with previous research. The paper concludes that genre research and pedagogy need to emphasise the strategic deployment of dialogic elements that enable the successful structuring of texts. This study is intended to be one of the first methodological attempts to test the text structuring function of dialogic elements from a corpus-based investigation.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vera Benninghoven. The functions of ‘general nouns’: Theory and corpus analysis","authors":"Charlotte Maekelberghe","doi":"10.1075/fol.00028.mae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00028.mae","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Talmy Givón. The story of zero","authors":"Lili Xie","doi":"10.1075/fol.00027.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00027.li","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49367103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geoff Thompson, Wendy L. Bowcher, Lise Fontaine & David Schönthal, (eds.) The Cambridge handbook of Systemic Functional Linguistics","authors":"R. Hudson","doi":"10.1075/fol.00030.hud","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00030.hud","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Well is an exemplary multi-functional word performing pragmatic and syntactic functions. That multi-functionality poses a potential problem: How do hearers in conversation determine which function is actualized and how do speakers project the function actualized? We address both questions examining factors hearers rely on to disambiguate well and the resources speakers deploy to designate well’s function. The study is based on 8-, 9-, and 10-word turns containing well extracted from the British National Corpus for which audio files from the Audio BNC are available. We include duration, measuring well’s durations in Praat. The workflow comprised both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitatively, all turns were manually inspected and the functions and subfunctions of well were identified. Due to data paucity the quantitative analysis was based only on a broad distinction between syntactic and pragmatic functions. The analysis involved two logistic regression model selection processes, one adopting a hearer, one a speaker perspective. Based on the factors position in the turn, duration and lexical context, our final models indicate that hearers disambiguate the two main functions of well drawing on lexical context and position in the turn while speakers project well’s functions by modulating duration. We propose that Hoey’s (2005) 6th priming hypothesis, concerned with polysemy, can be extended to also include polyfunctionality. Position also suggests a reading in terms of Hoey’s ‘textual colligation’ hypothesis related to a word’s position: particularly in its incarnation as a marker of dispreferreds, pragmatic well is heavily primed to occur turn-initially.
{"title":"How do speakers and hearers disambiguate multi-functional words?","authors":"Christoph Rühlemann, S. Gries","doi":"10.1075/fol.18050.ruh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.18050.ruh","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Well is an exemplary multi-functional word performing pragmatic and syntactic functions. That\u0000 multi-functionality poses a potential problem: How do hearers in conversation determine which function is actualized and how do speakers\u0000 project the function actualized? We address both questions examining factors hearers rely on to disambiguate well and the\u0000 resources speakers deploy to designate well’s function. The study is based on 8-, 9-, and 10-word turns containing\u0000 well extracted from the British National Corpus for which audio files from the Audio BNC are available. We include\u0000 duration, measuring well’s durations in Praat. The workflow comprised both qualitative and quantitative methods.\u0000 Qualitatively, all turns were manually inspected and the functions and subfunctions of well were identified. Due to data\u0000 paucity the quantitative analysis was based only on a broad distinction between syntactic and pragmatic functions. The analysis involved two\u0000 logistic regression model selection processes, one adopting a hearer, one a speaker perspective. Based on the factors position in the turn,\u0000 duration and lexical context, our final models indicate that hearers disambiguate the two main functions of well drawing on\u0000 lexical context and position in the turn while speakers project well’s functions by modulating duration. We propose that\u0000 Hoey’s (2005) 6th priming hypothesis, concerned with polysemy, can be extended to also include\u0000 polyfunctionality. Position also suggests a reading in terms of Hoey’s ‘textual colligation’ hypothesis related to a word’s\u0000 position: particularly in its incarnation as a marker of dispreferreds, pragmatic well is heavily primed\u0000 to occur turn-initially.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48951058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews War and its ideologies: A social-semiotic theory and description 978 981 13 0996 0978 981 13 0994 6
本文回顾了战争及其意识形态:一种社会符号学理论与描述
{"title":"Review of Lukin (2019): War and its ideologies: A social-semiotic theory and description","authors":"Tom Bartlett","doi":"10.1075/fol.00032.bar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00032.bar","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews War and its ideologies: A social-semiotic theory and description 978 981 13 0996 0978 981 13 0994 6","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study presents a typology of existing approaches to logophoricity and discusses problems the different approaches face. It addresses, in particular, perspective-based accounts describing constructions with logophoric pronouns in terms of their intermediate position on the direct-indirect continuum (Evans 2013), and lexical accounts incorporating the idea of coreference with the reported speaker into the pronoun’s meaning, either through role-to-value mapping mechanisms (Nikitina 2012a, b), or through feature specification (Schlenker 2003a, b). The perspective-based approach is shown to be unsatisfactory when it comes to treating language-specific data in precise and cross-linguistically comparable terms. It fails to account, for example, for cross-linguistic differences in the behavior of logophoric pronouns, for their optionality, and for their close diachronic relationship to third person elements. Lexical accounts are better equipped to handle a variety of outstanding issues, but they, too, need to be revised to accommodate a variety of discourse phenomena associated with logophoricity, including alternation with first person pronouns. The proposed solution follows the lines of lexical approaches but aims at enriching the pronouns’ lexical representation with notions pertaining to narrative structure, such as the role of Narrator. A separate solution is proposed for treating conventionalized uses occurring outside speech and attitude reports.
{"title":"Logophoricity and shifts of perspective","authors":"Tatiana Nikitina","doi":"10.1075/fol.20001.nik","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.20001.nik","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents a typology of existing approaches to logophoricity and discusses problems the different approaches face. It addresses, in particular, perspective-based accounts describing constructions with logophoric pronouns in terms of their intermediate position on the direct-indirect continuum (Evans 2013), and lexical accounts incorporating the idea of coreference with the reported speaker into the pronoun’s meaning, either through role-to-value mapping mechanisms (Nikitina 2012a, b), or through feature specification (Schlenker 2003a, b). The perspective-based approach is shown to be unsatisfactory when it comes to treating language-specific data in precise and cross-linguistically comparable terms. It fails to account, for example, for cross-linguistic differences in the behavior of logophoric pronouns, for their optionality, and for their close diachronic relationship to third person elements. Lexical accounts are better equipped to handle a variety of outstanding issues, but they, too, need to be revised to accommodate a variety of discourse phenomena associated with logophoricity, including alternation with first person pronouns. The proposed solution follows the lines of lexical approaches but aims at enriching the pronouns’ lexical representation with notions pertaining to narrative structure, such as the role of Narrator. A separate solution is proposed for treating conventionalized uses occurring outside speech and attitude reports.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"27 1","pages":"78-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper focuses on a specific type of perspective-indexing constructions in Tibetic and neighboring languages, namely a type of verbal marker that is consistently construed from the perspective of the speaker in statements, the addressee in questions, and the source (= the original/reported speaker) in reported speech clauses. As these markers indicate how one obtained the information profiled in a sentence and may thus be viewed as a type of evidential, they cannot at the same time establish reference to any participant of the current speech act and thus by default reflect the perspective of the ‘informant’ of the respective sentence type. If we define the encountered distinctions in relation to a cause-effect vector in the sense of DeLancey (1986), these languages all contain what we may call an ‘insider’ marker indicating access to the entire vector including its causal origin and an ‘outsider’ marker indicating access only to its effect end. Whereas the insider markers typically occur when the informant is the subject and the outsider markers when s/he is not, the present paper discusses the different ways in which Tibetic and neighboring languages deviate from this basic pattern, and argues that these differences reflect the fact that the markers in the latter languages were only secondarily evidentialized in reported speech clauses, likely due to contact with Tibetic.
{"title":"Evidentials and their pivot in Tibetic and neighboring Himalayan languages","authors":"Marius Zemp","doi":"10.1075/FOL.20003.ZEM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/FOL.20003.ZEM","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on a specific type of perspective-indexing constructions in Tibetic and neighboring languages, namely a type of verbal marker that is consistently construed from the perspective of the speaker in statements, the addressee in questions, and the source (= the original/reported speaker) in reported speech clauses. As these markers indicate how one obtained the information profiled in a sentence and may thus be viewed as a type of evidential, they cannot at the same time establish reference to any participant of the current speech act and thus by default reflect the perspective of the ‘informant’ of the respective sentence type. If we define the encountered distinctions in relation to a cause-effect vector in the sense of DeLancey (1986), these languages all contain what we may call an ‘insider’ marker indicating access to the entire vector including its causal origin and an ‘outsider’ marker indicating access only to its effect end. Whereas the insider markers typically occur when the informant is the subject and the outsider markers when s/he is not, the present paper discusses the different ways in which Tibetic and neighboring languages deviate from this basic pattern, and argues that these differences reflect the fact that the markers in the latter languages were only secondarily evidentialized in reported speech clauses, likely due to contact with Tibetic.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"27 1","pages":"29-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47325872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes from the field on perspective-indexing constructions","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/fol.27.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.27.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59497571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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