Abstract In a reported intentionality construction, intentionality is expressed as reported speech/thought (‘s/he says/thinks, ’). The quoted clause must contain a first person form and refer to the future. Reported intentionality displays perspective persistence and an accompanying apparent form-meaning mismatch, as it structurally marks the speech-act participant perspective of the volitional agent despite idiomatically translating only from the perspective of the current speaker. While this construction has been examined in languages around the world, this is the first treatment for the Trans-Himalayan (or Sino-Tibetan/Tibeto-Burman) language family. Monsang (South-Central; Northeast India) is shown to have a reported intentionality construction of the cross-linguistic type. In addition, there is a desiderative construction in the language that does not display perspective persistence but is argued to reconstruct back to a reported intentionality construction. Further evidence from synchronic and diachronic quotative constructions in Monsang is presented that illustrates the prominence of quotative-derived expressions of intentionality in Monsang verbal morphology.
在转述意向性结构中，意向性表现为转述的言语/思想(“s/he said /thinks，”)。引用的子句必须包含第一人称形式，并且指向将来。报告的意向性表现出视角持久性和伴随的明显的形式-意义不匹配，因为它在结构上标志着意志主体的言语-行为参与者视角，尽管习惯上只从当前说话人的视角进行翻译。虽然这种结构已经在世界各地的语言中进行了研究，但这是第一次对跨喜马拉雅语系(或汉藏语系/藏缅语系)进行研究。Monsang(中南部;东北印度)被证明具有跨语言类型的意向性结构。此外，语言中还有一种期望结构，它不显示透视图持久性，但被认为可以重构回报道的意向性结构。本文从蒙尚语共时性和历时性的引语结构中进一步证明了引语衍生的意向性表达在蒙尚语词法中的突出地位。
{"title":"Recycling through perspective persistence in Monsang (Trans-Himalayan)","authors":"L. Konnerth","doi":"10.1075/fol.20002.kon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.20002.kon","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a reported intentionality construction, intentionality is expressed as reported speech/thought (‘s/he says/thinks, ’). The quoted clause must contain a first person form and refer to the future. Reported intentionality displays perspective persistence and an accompanying apparent form-meaning mismatch, as it structurally marks the speech-act participant perspective of the volitional agent despite idiomatically translating only from the perspective of the current speaker. While this construction has been examined in languages around the world, this is the first treatment for the Trans-Himalayan (or Sino-Tibetan/Tibeto-Burman) language family. Monsang (South-Central; Northeast India) is shown to have a reported intentionality construction of the cross-linguistic type. In addition, there is a desiderative construction in the language that does not display perspective persistence but is argued to reconstruct back to a reported intentionality construction. Further evidence from synchronic and diachronic quotative constructions in Monsang is presented that illustrates the prominence of quotative-derived expressions of intentionality in Monsang verbal morphology.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"27 1","pages":"55-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41384653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stef Spronck, A. Linden, C. Gentens, María Sol Sansiñena
Perspective persistence and irregular perspective shift : Mismatches in form-function pairings
透视图持久性和不规则的透视图转换:形式-功能配对中的不匹配
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Stef Spronck, A. Linden, C. Gentens, María Sol Sansiñena
Notes from the field on perspective-indexing constructions : Irregular shifts and perspective persistence
透视索引结构领域的注释:不规则的变化和透视的持久性
{"title":"Notes from the field on perspective-indexing constructions: Irregular shifts and perspective persistence","authors":"Stef Spronck, A. Linden, C. Gentens, María Sol Sansiñena","doi":"10.1075/FOL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/FOL","url":null,"abstract":"Notes from the field on perspective-indexing constructions : Irregular shifts and perspective persistence","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59479877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews The dynamics of political discourse: Forms and functions of follow-ups 9789027256645
本文综述了政治话语的动力：后续行动的形式和功能9789027256645
{"title":"Lawrence N. Berlin, Elda Weizman and Anita Fetzer (eds.) The dynamics of political discourse: Forms and\u0000 functions of follow-ups","authors":"Y. Tong, C. Xie","doi":"10.1075/fol.00023.ton","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00023.ton","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews The dynamics of political discourse: Forms and functions of follow-ups 9789027256645","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"26 1","pages":"372-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42972557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We apply the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014) to the lexical-semantic analysis of English evaluational adjectives and compare the results with the picture developed in the Appraisal Framework (Martin & White 2005). The analysis is corpus-assisted, with examples mainly drawn from film and book reviews, and supported by collocational and statistical information from WordBanks Online. We propose NSM explications for 15 evaluational adjectives, arguing that they fall into five groups, each of which corresponds to a distinct semantic template. The groups can be sketched as follows: “First-person thought-plus-affect”, e.g. wonderful; “Experiential”, e.g. entertaining; “Experiential with bodily reaction”, e.g. gripping; “Lasting impact”, e.g. memorable; “Cognitive evaluation”, e.g. complex, excellent. These groupings and semantic templates are compared with the classifications in the Appraisal Framework’s system of Appreciation. In addition, we are particularly interested in sentiment analysis, the automatic identification of evaluation and subjectivity in text. We discuss the relevance of the two frameworks for sentiment analysis and other language technology applications.
{"title":"The semantics of evaluational adjectives","authors":"C. Goddard, Maite Taboada, Radoslava Trnavac","doi":"10.1075/FOL.00029.GOD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/FOL.00029.GOD","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We apply the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014) to the lexical-semantic analysis of English evaluational adjectives and compare the results with the picture developed in the Appraisal Framework (Martin & White 2005). The analysis is corpus-assisted, with examples mainly drawn from film and book reviews, and supported by collocational and statistical information from WordBanks Online. We propose NSM explications for 15 evaluational adjectives, arguing that they fall into five groups, each of which corresponds to a distinct semantic template. The groups can be sketched as follows: “First-person thought-plus-affect”, e.g. wonderful; “Experiential”, e.g. entertaining; “Experiential with bodily reaction”, e.g. gripping; “Lasting impact”, e.g. memorable; “Cognitive evaluation”, e.g. complex, excellent. These groupings and semantic templates are compared with the classifications in the Appraisal Framework’s system of Appreciation. In addition, we are particularly interested in sentiment analysis, the automatic identification of evaluation and subjectivity in text. We discuss the relevance of the two frameworks for sentiment analysis and other language technology applications.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"26 1","pages":"308-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42469129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the association between language patterns and attitudinal meanings, focusing specifically on adjective complementation patterns and types of attitudes as proposed in the Appraisal framework (Martin & White 2005). The investigation shows that the tripartite division of Attitude into Affect, Judgement and Appreciation can be supported with pattern differentials. The detailed scrutiny of adjective patterns with respect to the attitude system supports Bednarek’s (2009) argument that both aspects of attitudinal lexis (emotion or opinion lexis) and attitudinal target (the entity being evaluated) should be considered in analysing appraisal expressions, which leads to the proposal that Appraisal is in essence instantiated by choices made simultaneously in terms of the attitudinal lexis that is used and the attitudinal target that is involved.
本文研究了语言模式和态度意义之间的关系，特别关注了评价框架中提出的形容词补语模式和态度类型(Martin & White 2005)。调查结果表明，态度的“情感”、“判断”和“欣赏”的三方划分可以用模式差异来支持。关于态度系统的形容词模式的详细审查支持Bednarek(2009)的论点，即在分析评价表达时应考虑态度词汇(情感或意见词汇)和态度目标(被评价实体)的两个方面，从而提出评价本质上是通过在使用的态度词汇和涉及的态度目标方面同时做出的选择来实例化的建议。
{"title":"Language patterns and attitude revisited","authors":"Hang Su, S. Hunston","doi":"10.1075/FOL.16030.SU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/FOL.16030.SU","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper investigates the association between language patterns and attitudinal meanings, focusing specifically on adjective complementation patterns and types of attitudes as proposed in the Appraisal framework (Martin & White 2005). The investigation shows that the tripartite division of Attitude into Affect, Judgement and Appreciation can be supported with pattern differentials. The detailed scrutiny of adjective patterns with respect to the attitude system supports Bednarek’s (2009) argument that both aspects of attitudinal lexis (emotion or opinion lexis) and attitudinal target (the entity being evaluated) should be considered in analysing appraisal expressions, which leads to the proposal that Appraisal is in essence instantiated by choices made simultaneously in terms of the attitudinal lexis that is used and the attitudinal target that is involved.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43172143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the expression of evidentiality by the English adverbs manifestly, noticeably, patently and visibly (MNPV the results show that MNP&V are evidential by implication in most cases, and also uncover individual differences in features such as position and domain of evidence and in the extent to which each adverb can be considered as an evidential expression.
{"title":"Evidentiality in adverbs of manner of perceivability","authors":"M. Carretero","doi":"10.1075/fol.00024.car","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.00024.car","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the expression of evidentiality by the English adverbs manifestly, noticeably, patently and visibly (MNPV the results show that MNP&V are evidential by implication in most cases, and also uncover individual differences in features such as position and domain of evidence and in the extent to which each adverb can be considered as an evidential expression.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"26 1","pages":"275-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47220887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease closely related to exposure to exogenous substances. CYP2B6 can activate many exogenous substances, which in turn affect lung cells. The aim of this study was to assess the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP2B6 with COPD risk in a Chinese Han population.
Materials and methods: Genotypes of the five candidate SNPs in CYP2B6 were identified among 318 cases and 508 healthy controls with an Agena MassARRAY method. The association between CYP2B6 polymorphisms and COPD risk was evaluated using genetic models and haplotype analyses.
Results: In allele model, we observed that rs4803420 G and rs1038376 A were related to COPD risk. And rs4803420 G/T and G/T-T/T were related to a decreased COPD risk compared to GG genotype in the co-dominant and dominant models, respectively. When comparing with the AA genotype, rs1038376 A/T and A/T-T/T were associated with an increased COPD risk in the co-dominant and dominant models, respectively. Further gender stratification co-dominant and dominant models analysis showed that genotype G/T and G/T-T/T of rs4803420, and genotype A/T and A/T-T/T of rs1038376 were significantly associated with COPD risk compared to the wide type in males and females, while allele C of rs12979270 was only associated with COPD risk in females. Smoking status stratification analysis showed that rs12979270 C was significantly associated with an increased COPD risk under the allele model compared with allele A in the smoking subgroup. Haplotype analysis showed that haplotype GTA and TAA were related to COPD risk.
Conclusion: Our data is the first to demonstrate that CYP2B6 polymorphisms may exert effects on COPD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
简介慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）是一种与接触外源性物质密切相关的肺部疾病。CYP2B6 可激活多种外源性物质，进而影响肺细胞。本研究旨在评估中国汉族人群中 CYP2B6 的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与 COPD 风险的相关性：采用Agena MassARRAY方法在318例病例和508例健康对照中鉴定了CYP2B6中5个候选SNPs的基因型。采用遗传模型和单倍型分析评估了 CYP2B6 多态性与慢性阻塞性肺病风险之间的关联：结果：在等位基因模型中，我们发现 rs4803420 G 和 rs1038376 A 与慢性阻塞性肺病风险有关。在共显模型和显性模型中，rs4803420 G/T 和 G/T-T/T 与 GG 基因型相比分别与慢性阻塞性肺病风险的降低有关。与 AA 基因型相比，rs1038376 A/T 和 A/T-T/T 在共显模型和显性模型中分别与慢性阻塞性肺病风险增加有关。进一步的性别分层共显性和显性模型分析显示，与广义型相比，rs4803420的基因型G/T和G/T-T/T以及rs1038376的基因型A/T和A/T-T/T与男性和女性的慢性阻塞性肺病风险显著相关，而rs12979270的等位基因C仅与女性的慢性阻塞性肺病风险相关。吸烟状况分层分析显示，在等位基因模型下，与吸烟亚组中的等位基因 A 相比，rs12979270 C 与慢性阻塞性肺病风险的增加显著相关。单倍型分析表明，单倍型 GTA 和 TAA 与慢性阻塞性肺病风险有关：我们的数据首次证明了 CYP2B6 多态性可能对中国汉族人群的慢性阻塞性肺病易感性产生影响。
{"title":"<i>CYP2B6</i> genetic polymorphisms influence chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in the Hainan population.","authors":"Yipeng Ding, Quanni Li, Qiong Feng, Dongchuan Xu, Cibing Wu, Jie Zhao, Xiaoli Zhou, Yixiu Yang, Huan Niu, Ping He, Lihua Xing","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S214961","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S214961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease closely related to exposure to exogenous substances. <i>CYP2B6</i> can activate many exogenous substances, which in turn affect lung cells. The aim of this study was to assess the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <i>CYP2B6</i> with COPD risk in a Chinese Han population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Genotypes of the five candidate SNPs in <i>CYP2B6</i> were identified among 318 cases and 508 healthy controls with an Agena MassARRAY method. The association between <i>CYP2B6</i> polymorphisms and COPD risk was evaluated using genetic models and haplotype analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In allele model, we observed that rs4803420 G and rs1038376 A were related to COPD risk. And rs4803420 G/T and G/T-T/T were related to a decreased COPD risk compared to GG genotype in the co-dominant and dominant models, respectively. When comparing with the AA genotype, rs1038376 A/T and A/T-T/T were associated with an increased COPD risk in the co-dominant and dominant models, respectively. Further gender stratification co-dominant and dominant models analysis showed that genotype G/T and G/T-T/T of rs4803420, and genotype A/T and A/T-T/T of rs1038376 were significantly associated with COPD risk compared to the wide type in males and females, while allele C of rs12979270 was only associated with COPD risk in females. Smoking status stratification analysis showed that rs12979270 C was significantly associated with an increased COPD risk under the allele model compared with allele A in the smoking subgroup. Haplotype analysis showed that haplotype GTA and TAA were related to COPD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data is the first to demonstrate that <i>CYP2B6</i> polymorphisms may exert effects on COPD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":"5 1","pages":"2103-2115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81522816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Donna R. Miller & Paul Bayley (eds.) Hybridity in Systemic Functional Linguistics: Grammar, text and\u0000 discursive context","authors":"Tom Bartlett","doi":"10.1075/FOL.00019.BAR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/FOL.00019.BAR","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Hybridity in Systemic Functional Linguistics: Grammar, text and discursive context 13 978 1 78179 064 9978-1-78179-064-9","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43250571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Like its English counterpart such, Dutch zo’n has identifying and intensifying uses. The established pathway from the former to the latter is found to constitute a proportional rather than a discrete shift here. The strong presence of intensifying uses from the start, as compared to the older Dutch marker zulk, is argued to be due to preexisting constructions that are alike formally and convey intensification. Zo’n is also found to have a recognitional and an approximating use. The case is made that the former has evolved out of the identifying use and that the latter is a development which is independent from the other uses functionally but has modeled itself on them formally. Finally, it is argued that the semantic shift from identification to intensification is best captured by the well-known pathway from textual to expressive, although the unidirectionality of this cline is uncertain, and that the change from identification to recognition supports a recent proposal to distinguish immediate and extended intersubjectivity.
{"title":"A diachronic corpus study of prenominal zo’n ‘so a’ in Dutch","authors":"Daniel Van Olmen","doi":"10.1075/FOL.16017.VAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/FOL.16017.VAN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Like its English counterpart such, Dutch zo’n has identifying and intensifying uses. The established pathway from the former to the latter is found to constitute a proportional rather than a discrete shift here. The strong presence of intensifying uses from the start, as compared to the older Dutch marker zulk, is argued to be due to preexisting constructions that are alike formally and convey intensification. Zo’n is also found to have a recognitional and an approximating use. The case is made that the former has evolved out of the identifying use and that the latter is a development which is independent from the other uses functionally but has modeled itself on them formally. Finally, it is argued that the semantic shift from identification to intensification is best captured by the well-known pathway from textual to expressive, although the unidirectionality of this cline is uncertain, and that the change from identification to recognition supports a recent proposal to distinguish immediate and extended intersubjectivity.","PeriodicalId":44232,"journal":{"name":"Functions of Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45837446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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