Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1177/20570473241277296
Ömer Faruk Zararsiz, Emrah Ayaşlioğlu
Social media posts play a key role in understanding how the concept of “the people,” which is a critical concept for populist politicians, is constructed and presented. This study examines how the two leading candidates, as right and left populist figures in Türkiye’s 2023 general elections, portrayed “the people” in their Instagram posts. The Instagram posts of two leaders were coded according to the categories of gender, headscarf, class, and age, and the representations of the people in these posts were analyzed using visual content analysis method. As a result, it was revealed Erdoğan, as a right-wing populist, included more headscarved women in his posts, Kılıçdaroğlu, as a left-wing populist, preferred more heterogeneous visuals in images in terms of gender, and that young individuals were more intensely preferred in the images shared by Kılıçdaroğlu in terms of the category of age.
{"title":"Populist politicians’ representations of the people: A comparative visual content analysis of candidates’ Instagram posts in 2023 Turkish general elections","authors":"Ömer Faruk Zararsiz, Emrah Ayaşlioğlu","doi":"10.1177/20570473241277296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241277296","url":null,"abstract":"Social media posts play a key role in understanding how the concept of “the people,” which is a critical concept for populist politicians, is constructed and presented. This study examines how the two leading candidates, as right and left populist figures in Türkiye’s 2023 general elections, portrayed “the people” in their Instagram posts. The Instagram posts of two leaders were coded according to the categories of gender, headscarf, class, and age, and the representations of the people in these posts were analyzed using visual content analysis method. As a result, it was revealed Erdoğan, as a right-wing populist, included more headscarved women in his posts, Kılıçdaroğlu, as a left-wing populist, preferred more heterogeneous visuals in images in terms of gender, and that young individuals were more intensely preferred in the images shared by Kılıçdaroğlu in terms of the category of age.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/20570473241270635
Kara Alaimo
This study draws on framing theory to argue that the language used by women politicians may make them more effective in achieving their goals. Large numbers of voters around the world perceive men to be more effective political leaders than women. However, this study of the communications of women and male governors in the United States finds that the opposite is true and that women governors emphasize cooperation and compromise much more when communicating, which could be a factor in their greater efficacy. An analysis of 1,088 policy proposals made by governors in their State of the State addresses finds that women enacted their proposals into law at 1.2 times the rate of their male counterparts. An analysis also finds that, between March 2020 and February 2021, states with women governors had significantly fewer excess deaths due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and significantly lower unemployment rates than states with male governors. Analyses of speeches and tweets by governors find that women governors use significantly more communal, cooperative language than their male counterparts, and these frames might catalyze more communal behavior by partners and constituents and thereby help explain their greater efficacy.
{"title":"Women governors in the United States use more communal language than male governors in their State of the State addresses and tweets and achieve greater policy success","authors":"Kara Alaimo","doi":"10.1177/20570473241270635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241270635","url":null,"abstract":"This study draws on framing theory to argue that the language used by women politicians may make them more effective in achieving their goals. Large numbers of voters around the world perceive men to be more effective political leaders than women. However, this study of the communications of women and male governors in the United States finds that the opposite is true and that women governors emphasize cooperation and compromise much more when communicating, which could be a factor in their greater efficacy. An analysis of 1,088 policy proposals made by governors in their State of the State addresses finds that women enacted their proposals into law at 1.2 times the rate of their male counterparts. An analysis also finds that, between March 2020 and February 2021, states with women governors had significantly fewer excess deaths due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and significantly lower unemployment rates than states with male governors. Analyses of speeches and tweets by governors find that women governors use significantly more communal, cooperative language than their male counterparts, and these frames might catalyze more communal behavior by partners and constituents and thereby help explain their greater efficacy.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1177/20570473241269064
Huu Dat Tran, Pham Phuong Uyen Diep
We examined the influence of news media literacy, focusing on knowledge of the media industry, on media trust in Vietnam—a distinctive media environment subject to governmental control and ownership. Results from 307 survey responses ( N = 307) indicated that knowledge of media categorizations negatively predicted multiple dimensions of media trust. In addition, online newspapers, the only media category that can legally produce “hard” news in Vietnam, acquired the highest public trust among media categories. Theoretically, we contributed to the literature on news media literacy in the era of globally declining media trust, specifically yielding insights into news media literacy and media trust in a non-Western setting with a unique media system controlled and owned by its government. Practically, our results suggested that Vietnam needs widespread media literacy education and enhancement programs to foster citizens’ media literacy, particularly knowledge of the media industry. News media organizations and journalists, on the contrary, may employ various strategies to build trust among their audience, including being transparent about their categorization and governing body, harnessing social media platforms, and devising sections to promote media literacy in the media. We argue that our approach and findings can be applied to study the media in authoritarian contexts or countries where the media are strictly governed. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were further discussed.
{"title":"Investigating the relationship between knowledge of the media industry and media trust in a government-owned and government-controlled media system","authors":"Huu Dat Tran, Pham Phuong Uyen Diep","doi":"10.1177/20570473241269064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241269064","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the influence of news media literacy, focusing on knowledge of the media industry, on media trust in Vietnam—a distinctive media environment subject to governmental control and ownership. Results from 307 survey responses ( N = 307) indicated that knowledge of media categorizations negatively predicted multiple dimensions of media trust. In addition, online newspapers, the only media category that can legally produce “hard” news in Vietnam, acquired the highest public trust among media categories. Theoretically, we contributed to the literature on news media literacy in the era of globally declining media trust, specifically yielding insights into news media literacy and media trust in a non-Western setting with a unique media system controlled and owned by its government. Practically, our results suggested that Vietnam needs widespread media literacy education and enhancement programs to foster citizens’ media literacy, particularly knowledge of the media industry. News media organizations and journalists, on the contrary, may employ various strategies to build trust among their audience, including being transparent about their categorization and governing body, harnessing social media platforms, and devising sections to promote media literacy in the media. We argue that our approach and findings can be applied to study the media in authoritarian contexts or countries where the media are strictly governed. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were further discussed.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1177/20570473241270576
Weiyu Zhang
This essay provides an overview of China’s online fandom spanning three decades, primarily focusing on the practices embraced by fans. The fan communities in China have undergone several generational shifts, progressing from the era of 1.0 websites dedicated to Hong Kong and Taiwan idols to the contemporary landscape involving data manipulation and traffic management. The narrative commences with a historical account of significant fandom events over the past 30 years, emphasizing the evolving digital, localized, industrialized, and financialized nature of fan culture. The essay advocates for two key actions: initiating discussions among the various analytical perspectives to reconcile conflicting assessments of fan practices and encouraging a critical reflection on how China’s online fandom contributes to a broader understanding of the global landscape.
{"title":"The 30 years of China’s online fandom","authors":"Weiyu Zhang","doi":"10.1177/20570473241270576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241270576","url":null,"abstract":"This essay provides an overview of China’s online fandom spanning three decades, primarily focusing on the practices embraced by fans. The fan communities in China have undergone several generational shifts, progressing from the era of 1.0 websites dedicated to Hong Kong and Taiwan idols to the contemporary landscape involving data manipulation and traffic management. The narrative commences with a historical account of significant fandom events over the past 30 years, emphasizing the evolving digital, localized, industrialized, and financialized nature of fan culture. The essay advocates for two key actions: initiating discussions among the various analytical perspectives to reconcile conflicting assessments of fan practices and encouraging a critical reflection on how China’s online fandom contributes to a broader understanding of the global landscape.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1177/20570473241270605
Shaohua Guo
Emerging in the mid-1990s as an alternative space, internet culture in China has transitioned from an era of youthful idealism, egalitarianism, and communal spirit to an era of intensive commerce. This essay delves into the intricacies that define the vibrancy of digital culture, including the intense competition for user attention and the interplay between digital and traditional media. Amid contemporary challenges, such as geopolitical tensions, digital inequality, and socio-economic instability, it highlights the imperative of comprehending the strategies employed by different stakeholders to wield influence. Moreover, the essay underscores the significance of investigating how the digital sphere has emerged as a pivotal space for examining the convergence of contested ideologies and diverse generations of internet users.
{"title":"Three decades on the Chinese internet: Attention, authority, and cultural production","authors":"Shaohua Guo","doi":"10.1177/20570473241270605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241270605","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging in the mid-1990s as an alternative space, internet culture in China has transitioned from an era of youthful idealism, egalitarianism, and communal spirit to an era of intensive commerce. This essay delves into the intricacies that define the vibrancy of digital culture, including the intense competition for user attention and the interplay between digital and traditional media. Amid contemporary challenges, such as geopolitical tensions, digital inequality, and socio-economic instability, it highlights the imperative of comprehending the strategies employed by different stakeholders to wield influence. Moreover, the essay underscores the significance of investigating how the digital sphere has emerged as a pivotal space for examining the convergence of contested ideologies and diverse generations of internet users.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1177/20570473241270580
Florian Schneider
As China’s internet has matured, from its initial web-based origins through innovative ‘2.0’ and ‘3.0’ innovations, so too have the community sentiments that criss-cross the People’s Republic of China’s networked society. A perennial issue has been the question of how Chinese nationhood has been constructed and reproduced through digital technologies and how the evolving affordances of internet technology have contributed to China’s many nationalisms. This short essay reflects on this history. It discusses how early internet forums and blogs allowed users to coordinate their sense of Chineseness, how these processes later changed when communication moved to widely adopted microblogging platforms and what we can expect of the future, as China’s media environments shift their focus towards short-messaging applications and video-sharing platforms. What will happen to Chinese nationalisms as China’s platformisation enters its next phases?
{"title":"Nationalisms on China’s evolving internet","authors":"Florian Schneider","doi":"10.1177/20570473241270580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241270580","url":null,"abstract":"As China’s internet has matured, from its initial web-based origins through innovative ‘2.0’ and ‘3.0’ innovations, so too have the community sentiments that criss-cross the People’s Republic of China’s networked society. A perennial issue has been the question of how Chinese nationhood has been constructed and reproduced through digital technologies and how the evolving affordances of internet technology have contributed to China’s many nationalisms. This short essay reflects on this history. It discusses how early internet forums and blogs allowed users to coordinate their sense of Chineseness, how these processes later changed when communication moved to widely adopted microblogging platforms and what we can expect of the future, as China’s media environments shift their focus towards short-messaging applications and video-sharing platforms. What will happen to Chinese nationalisms as China’s platformisation enters its next phases?","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/20570473241264334
Oluwabunmi O Oyebode, Foluke Olayinka Unuabonah
This article explores coronavirus-related internet memes in the Nigerian WhatsApp space, to examine how multimodal elements are used for evaluation and intersubjective positioning. The theory utilises Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual grammar and Martin and White’s appraisal theory. The data, which comprise 147 purposively selected internet memes, were analysed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the meme producers employ verbal and non-verbal elements that show negative affect, judgement and appreciation of things. Using multimodal concepts, the represented participants are able to engage with the public through resources of disclaimers, entertainment, pronouncement and attribution. The study concludes that meme producers engage their addressees through appraisal resources to achieve their communicative goals of complaining about the negative effects of the pandemic on the people, evaluating the behaviour of different agents during the pandemic as well as providing support for people.
本文探讨了尼日利亚 WhatsApp 空间中与冠状病毒相关的网络流行语，以研究多模态元素如何用于评价和主体间定位。该理论采用了 Kress 和 van Leeuwen 的视觉语法以及 Martin 和 White 的评价理论。研究对 147 个特意挑选的网络流行语数据进行了定性分析。研究结果表明，备忘录制作者使用了语言和非语言元素来表现负面情绪、对事物的判断和评价。使用多模态概念，被代表的参与者能够通过免责声明、娱乐、声明和归因等资源与公众互动。研究得出结论，meme 制作者通过评价资源与受众互动，以实现其传播目标，即抱怨大流行病对人们的负面影响、评价大流行病期间不同媒介的行为以及为人们提供支持。
{"title":"Multimodality and appraisal choices in Nigerian coronavirus-related WhatsApp memes","authors":"Oluwabunmi O Oyebode, Foluke Olayinka Unuabonah","doi":"10.1177/20570473241264334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241264334","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores coronavirus-related internet memes in the Nigerian WhatsApp space, to examine how multimodal elements are used for evaluation and intersubjective positioning. The theory utilises Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual grammar and Martin and White’s appraisal theory. The data, which comprise 147 purposively selected internet memes, were analysed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the meme producers employ verbal and non-verbal elements that show negative affect, judgement and appreciation of things. Using multimodal concepts, the represented participants are able to engage with the public through resources of disclaimers, entertainment, pronouncement and attribution. The study concludes that meme producers engage their addressees through appraisal resources to achieve their communicative goals of complaining about the negative effects of the pandemic on the people, evaluating the behaviour of different agents during the pandemic as well as providing support for people.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1177/20570473241264903
Jack Linchuan Qiu
This essay reflects on three constants in Chinese internet research over the past 30 years, namely, statism, cacophony, and liminal movements. Reflecting on these three constants shall help us better appreciate the variations and dynamism of Chinese internet research from the past into the future.
{"title":"Three constants of Chinese internet research: Statism, cacophony, and liminal movements","authors":"Jack Linchuan Qiu","doi":"10.1177/20570473241264903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241264903","url":null,"abstract":"This essay reflects on three constants in Chinese internet research over the past 30 years, namely, statism, cacophony, and liminal movements. Reflecting on these three constants shall help us better appreciate the variations and dynamism of Chinese internet research from the past into the future.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/20570473241264904
Rongbin Han
The article aims at offering a bird’s-eye overview of the evolution of cyber politics in China in the past 30 years, tracking real-world developments while surveying the main trends in the scholarly field. It periodizes the past three decades into three phases with a focus on the changing state–society relations. It reveals that cyber politics in China has evolved from the period of an empowering Internet with the state adapting to catch up to one of authoritarian resilience when social participation and state control reached a balance, and ultimately to the “authoritarian dominance” phase with the state attempting to dominate the society and platforms. The article concludes by discussing the future trends of cyber politics in China, arguing that “authoritarian dominance” is detrimental to the Party-state’s rule, thus will hardly be sustainable despite the state’s strong capacity and will to control the Internet.
{"title":"From empowering Internet to digital dominance: The past, present, and future of cyber politics in China","authors":"Rongbin Han","doi":"10.1177/20570473241264904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241264904","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at offering a bird’s-eye overview of the evolution of cyber politics in China in the past 30 years, tracking real-world developments while surveying the main trends in the scholarly field. It periodizes the past three decades into three phases with a focus on the changing state–society relations. It reveals that cyber politics in China has evolved from the period of an empowering Internet with the state adapting to catch up to one of authoritarian resilience when social participation and state control reached a balance, and ultimately to the “authoritarian dominance” phase with the state attempting to dominate the society and platforms. The article concludes by discussing the future trends of cyber politics in China, arguing that “authoritarian dominance” is detrimental to the Party-state’s rule, thus will hardly be sustainable despite the state’s strong capacity and will to control the Internet.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/20570473241264898
Michel Hockx
This article provides a brief overview of the history of online literature in the PRC. The focus is on the development of online literature into a successful commercial industry, serving a large and highly interactive community. The discussion looks at how this community and its practices pose challenges to conventional practices of preservation and canonization of literary texts, as well as how PRC cultural authorities are attempting to steer this community toward adherence of ideological guidelines for literary production.
{"title":"Community and industry: The development of online literature in the PRC","authors":"Michel Hockx","doi":"10.1177/20570473241264898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20570473241264898","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a brief overview of the history of online literature in the PRC. The focus is on the development of online literature into a successful commercial industry, serving a large and highly interactive community. The discussion looks at how this community and its practices pose challenges to conventional practices of preservation and canonization of literary texts, as well as how PRC cultural authorities are attempting to steer this community toward adherence of ideological guidelines for literary production.","PeriodicalId":44233,"journal":{"name":"Communication and the Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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