Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging最新文献

英文中文

Methodology for 3D image reconstruction of the female pelvis from upright open MRI (MRO) 2D imaging 从直立开放MRI (MRO)二维成像中重建女性骨盆三维图像的方法

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-180178

Marwa Abdulaziz, L. Stothers, A. Macnab

引用次数: 2

Vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism study of oligosaccharides using a synchrotron-radiation spectrophotometer 用同步辐射分光光度计研究低聚糖的真空-紫外圆二色性

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-12-27 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-170169

K. Matsuo

引用次数: 3

Monomeric green fluorescent protein as a protein standard for small angle scattering 单体绿色荧光蛋白作为小角度散射的蛋白质标准

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-12-27 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-170167

Daniel P Myatt, L. Hatter, Sarah E Rogers, A. Terry, L. Clifton

Protein small angle scattering (SAS) has become increasing important in structural biochemistry, due to the increased performance and specification of new instruments and advances in the software and hardware used to analyse the data. Whilst all of this is encouraging, there is a lack of standardised experimental methodology within the community. Although a number of protein standards are currently used in SAS experiments to allow accurate molecular weight determination, each has specific advantages and disadvantages. We therefore propose the use of a mutated monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein, as a protein standard, abbreviated to m-eGFP. It has a number of advantages over the currently used protein standards, for example it is cheap and easy to produce. It can be expressed in large amounts (>40 mg/L) in both hydrogenated and deuterated form. The mutation means it is highly monodisperse and GFP being a beta-barrel structure is thermodynamically stable over a number of days, giving highly reproducible results. We therefore believe m-eGFP is a good protein standard for small angle scattering (SAS).

由于新仪器的性能和规格的提高以及用于分析数据的软件和硬件的进步，蛋白质小角散射(SAS)在结构生物化学中变得越来越重要。虽然所有这些都令人鼓舞，但社区内缺乏标准化的实验方法。虽然目前在SAS实验中使用了许多蛋白质标准来精确测定分子量，但每种标准都有其特定的优点和缺点。因此，我们建议使用突变的单体增强型绿色荧光蛋白作为蛋白质标准，缩写为m-eGFP。与目前使用的蛋白质标准相比，它具有许多优点，例如它便宜且易于生产。它可以以氢化和氘化形式大量表达(bbb40 mg/L)。这种突变意味着它是高度单分散的，而GFP是一种β -桶状结构，在数天内热力学稳定，结果可重复性高。因此，我们认为m-eGFP是一个很好的小角散射(SAS)蛋白标准。

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引用次数: 7

We must not forget that 99% of the total number of molecules present in a living organism is water 我们不能忘记，存在于生物体中的分子总数的99%是水

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-12-27 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-170172

P. Haris

The file attached to this record is the author's final version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link

附在这条记录上的文件是作者的最终版本。发布者的最终版本可以通过DOI链接找到

引用次数: 0

Application of motion history image (MHI) on dynamic fluorescent imaging for monitoring cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mouse brain 运动历史图像(MHI)在动态荧光成像监测小鼠大脑中动脉闭塞性脑缺血中的应用

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-12-27 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-170170

M. Z. Ansari, A. Mujeeb

BACKGROUND: We use a temporal template method, the motion history image (MHI), to visualize the hypoperfusion (decreased blood flow) during an acute cerebral ischemic event in a mouse brain. The MHI method was implemented on the dynamic fluorescent (DF) data images. AIMS: Our aim was to implement the MHI method on the DF imaging data and visualize the regions where perfusion evolves with time. METHODOLOGY: The MHI method was used to process the DF data images recorded during an acute cerebral ischemic event in a mouse brain. RESULTS: We demonstrate that, the MHI images clearly illustrates the locations where perfusion decreases during occlusion and that is more easily obtained in comparison to a visual inspection of all of the raw DF images constituting the recordings. CONCLUSION: MHI can be a useful tool for the clinical and research studies.

背景：我们使用一种时间模板方法，即运动史图像（MHI），来观察小鼠大脑急性脑缺血事件期间的低灌注（血流量减少）。在动态荧光（DF）数据图像上实现了MHI方法。目的：我们的目的是在DF成像数据上实现MHI方法，并可视化灌注随时间演变的区域。方法：MHI方法用于处理小鼠大脑急性脑缺血事件期间记录的DF数据图像。结果：我们证明，MHI图像清楚地说明了闭塞期间灌注减少的位置，与构成记录的所有原始DF图像的视觉检查相比，这更容易获得。结论：MHI可作为临床和研究的有用工具。

引用次数: 3

The evolution of biomedical EPR (ESR) 生物医学EPR（ESR）的发展

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-06-20 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-150128

L. Berliner

Since the first EPR/ESR spectrum of a paramagnetic substance was published over 70 years ago, the technical improvements did not occur until after/during World War II with the advent of radar technology. The approaches to biomedical problems started somewhat later with the real burst of activity starting after the birth of the spin label technique about 50 years ago. The applications to proteins, then membranes and nucleic acids, and later applications to cells and eventually in-vivo on small animals and now humans has led EPR/ESR to finally being recognized as a uniquely powerful technique in the toolbox of techniques probing macromolecules and their interactions, free radical biology and its eventual value as a diagnostic technique. This article gives an overview of EPR/ESR studies of biomedically related systems, including proteins and enzymes. It presents a very personal historical perspective, briefly reviews the origins of the technique and reflects on possible future directions. As with NMR, advances in molecular biology and technology drastically changed the nature and focus of the technique, particularly the site directed spin labeling method that has been invaluable in determining protein and macromolecular structure by both EPR and NMR.

自从顺磁物质的第一个EPR/ESR谱在70多年前发表以来，直到第二次世界大战之后/期间雷达技术的出现才出现技术改进。解决生物医学问题的方法开始得稍晚一些，真正的活动爆发始于大约50年前自旋标签技术的诞生。应用于蛋白质，然后是膜和核酸，后来应用于细胞，最终应用于小动物体内，现在是人类，这使得EPR/ESR最终被认为是一种独特的强大技术，在探测大分子及其相互作用的技术工具箱中，自由基生物学及其作为诊断技术的最终价值。本文综述了生物医学相关系统的EPR/ESR研究，包括蛋白质和酶。它呈现了一个非常个人的历史视角，简要回顾了技术的起源，并反映了可能的未来方向。与核磁共振一样，分子生物学和技术的进步极大地改变了该技术的性质和重点，特别是位点定向自旋标记方法，该方法在通过EPR和核磁共振确定蛋白质和大分子结构方面具有不可宝贵的价值。

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引用次数: 17

Lawrence Berliner: Pioneer, educator and champion of biomedical EPR spectroscopy Lawrence Berliner:生物医学EPR光谱学的先驱、教育家和冠军

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-06-20 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-150131

P. Haris

Lawrence Berliner (see Figs 1–3) was born in 1941 in Los Angeles (California, USA). He completed his undergraduate studies in Chemistry at UCLA in 1963 and went on to complete his PhD in Chemistry at Stanford University in 1967. His PhD supervisor, the late Harden M. McConnel, is considered to be one of the leading physical chemists of the last half-century. Whilst Larry was a PhD student at Stanford, McConnel and his team first synthesised spin labels in 1965 [8] for use in the study of biological macromolecules using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.

劳伦斯·柏林（见图1-3）1941年出生于美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶。1963年，他在加州大学洛杉矶分校完成了化学本科学业，并于1967年在斯坦福大学完成了化学博士学位。他的博士生导师，已故的哈登·M·麦康奈尔，被认为是过去半个世纪里领先的物理化学家之一。当Larry是斯坦福大学的博士生时，McConnel和他的团队于1965年首次合成了自旋标记[8]，用于使用电子顺磁共振（EPR）或电子自旋共振（ESR）光谱研究生物大分子。

引用次数: 0

Stroke Onset Time Determination Using MRI Relaxation Times without Non-Ischaemic Reference in A Rat Stroke Model. 大鼠脑卒中模型中无非缺血性参考的MRI松弛时间测定脑卒中发作时间。

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-06-20 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-160155

Terence J T Norton, Marcelo Pereyra, Michael J Knight, Bryony M McGarry, Kimmo T Jokivarsi, Olli H J Gröhn, Risto A Kauppinen

Background: Objective timing of stroke in emergency departments is expected to improve patient stratification. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxations times, T₂ and T_1ρ , in abnormal diffusion delineated ischaemic tissue were used as proxies of stroke time in a rat model.

Methods: Both 'non-ischaemic reference'-dependent and -independent estimators were generated. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T₂ and T_1ρ , were sequentially quantified for up to 6 hours of stroke in rats (n = 8) at 4.7T. The ischaemic lesion was identified as a contiguous collection of voxels with low ADC. T₂ and T_1ρ in the ischaemic lesion and in the contralateral non-ischaemic brain tissue were determined. Differences in mean MRI relaxation times between ischaemic and non-ischaemic volumes were used to create reference-dependent estimator. For the reference-independent procedure, only the parameters associated with log-logistic fits to the T₂ and T_1ρ distributions within the ADC-delineated lesions were used for the onset time estimation.

Result: The reference-independent estimators from T₂ and T_1ρ data provided stroke onset time with precisions of ±32 and ±27 minutes, respectively. The reference-dependent estimators yielded respective precisions of ±47 and ±54 minutes.

Conclusions: A 'non-ischaemic anatomical reference'-independent estimator for stroke onset time from relaxometric MRI data is shown to yield greater timing precision than previously obtained through reference-dependent procedures.

背景:目的:急诊科卒中的时机选择有望改善患者分层。用磁共振成像(MRI)异常扩散描绘的缺血组织弛豫时间T2和T1ρ作为模型大鼠脑卒中时间的指标。方法:生成“非缺血参考”依赖和独立估计器。在4.7T时，连续测定大鼠(n = 8)脑卒中后6小时内的表观扩散系数(ADC) T2和T1ρ。缺血病变被确定为具有低ADC的连续体素集合。测定缺血脑组织和对侧非缺血脑组织中T2和T1ρ的变化。使用缺血和非缺血体积之间的平均MRI弛豫时间的差异来创建参考相关估计器。对于与参考无关的程序，仅使用与adc描绘的病变内T2和T1ρ分布的对数逻辑拟合相关的参数来估计发病时间。结果:T2和T1ρ数据的参考无关估计器提供的脑卒中发作时间精度分别为±32和±27分钟。参考相关估计器的精度分别为±47分钟和±54分钟。结论:一个“非缺血性解剖学参考”独立的脑卒中发作时间估计器从弛豫MRI数据显示比以前通过参考依赖程序获得更高的时间精度。

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引用次数: 13

Magnetic resonance microimaging of cancer cell spheroid constructs 癌症细胞球形结构的磁共振显微成像

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-06-20 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-150130

K. Momot, Onur Bas, N. P. Holzapfel, D. Loessner

BACKGROUND Hydrogel-based cell cultures are excellent tools for studying physiological events occurring in the growth and proliferation of cells, including cancer cells. Diffusion magnetic resonance is a physical technique that has been widely used for the characterisation of biological systems as well as hydrogels. In this work, we applied diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to hydrogel-based cultures of human ovarian cancer cells. METHODS Diffusion-weighted spin-echo MRI measurements were used to obtain spatially-resolved maps of apparent diffusivities for hydrogel samples with different compositions, cell loads and drug (Taxol) treatment regimes. The samples were then characterised using their diffusivity histograms, mean diffusivities and the respective standard deviations, and pairwise Mann-Whitney tests. The elastic moduli of the samples were determined using mechanical compression testing. RESULTS The mean apparent diffusivity of the hydrogels was sensitive to the polymer content, cell load and Taxol treatment. For a given sample composition, the mean apparent diffusivity and the elastic modulus of the hydrogels exhibited a negative correlation. CONCLUSIONS Diffusivity of hydrogel-based cancer cell culture constructs is sensitive to both cell proliferation and Taxol treatment. This suggests that diffusion-weighted imaging is a promising technique for non-invasive monitoring of cancer cell proliferation in hydrogel-based, cellularly-sparse 3D cell cultures. The negative correlation between mean apparent diffusivity and elastic modulus suggests that the diffusion coefficient is indicative of the average density of the physical microenvironment within the hydrogel construct.

背景基于水凝胶的细胞培养是研究包括癌症细胞在内的细胞生长和增殖过程中发生的生理事件的极好工具。扩散磁共振是一种物理技术，已被广泛用于生物系统和水凝胶的表征。在这项工作中，我们将扩散磁共振成像（MRI）应用于人类卵巢癌症细胞的基于水凝胶的培养。方法使用扩散加权自旋回波MRI测量来获得不同组成、细胞负荷和药物（紫杉醇）治疗方案的水凝胶样品的表观扩散率的空间分辨图。然后使用它们的扩散率直方图、平均扩散率和各自的标准偏差以及成对的Mann-Whitney检验来表征样品。使用机械压缩测试来确定样品的弹性模量。结果水凝胶的平均表观扩散率对聚合物含量、细胞负荷和紫杉醇处理敏感。对于给定的样品组成，水凝胶的平均表观扩散率和弹性模量呈负相关。结论基于水凝胶的癌症细胞培养构建体的扩散性对细胞增殖和紫杉醇治疗都敏感。这表明扩散加权成像是一种在基于水凝胶的、细胞稀疏的3D细胞培养中无创监测癌症细胞增殖的有前途的技术。平均表观扩散率和弹性模量之间的负相关性表明，扩散系数指示水凝胶构建体内物理微环境的平均密度。

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引用次数: 6

A small sided game session affects salivary metabolite levels in young soccer players 小型比赛会影响年轻足球运动员唾液代谢物水平

Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging

Pub Date : 2017-06-20 DOI: 10.3233/BSI-150132

D. Cicero, S. D. Marino, V. Dinallo, M. Pieri, Vincenzo Summa, A. Desideri, A. Bernardini, F. Perondi, S. D'Ottavio

Abstract. BACKGROUND: The use of saliva for monitoring metabolic variations in physical exercise and in different sports gained ground in recent years. Several studies showed that saliva reflects biochemical changes useful for analytical purposes in clinical investigations and in physiological research. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the profile of salivary metabolite changes due to a session of small sided games (SSG) in elite soccer players, searching for a correlation between metabolic changes and athlete performance as GPSmeasured distances covered in the match. METHODS: Ten under-20 elite soccer players participated to the study. The game had an overall duration of 24 min and it consisted of 4 bouts of 6 min duration with 2 min passive recovery between exercise bouts. Saliva samples were collected before and after the game and physiological parameters evaluated, namely the distances covered by players and blood lactate. Samples were analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Orthogonal Projection of Latent-Structure (OPLS) was used to process the data. RESULTS: Multivariate data analysis showed that the SSG session affected salivary metabolite levels in players. We observed no relationship between concentrations of hematic and salivary lactate, nor found any changes in the metabolic profiles that correlate with the blood lactate values. Among the identified metabolites, taurine was instead found to correlate with distances covered by players during the game. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether these results point to a potential use of saliva to follow metabolic changes during an athletic competition, and opens the possibility of using this non-invasive biofluid for the study of athlete training state and performance.

摘要背景:近年来，利用唾液监测体育锻炼和不同运动中的代谢变化得到了广泛的应用。几项研究表明，唾液反映了生化变化，对临床调查和生理学研究的分析目的有用。目的:本研究的目的是探讨精英足球运动员在一场小边比赛(SSG)后唾液代谢物的变化概况，通过gps测量比赛中覆盖的距离，寻找代谢变化与运动员表现之间的相关性。方法:10名20岁以下优秀足球运动员参与研究。游戏的总持续时间为24分钟，包括4组，每组6分钟，每组之间有2分钟的被动恢复。在比赛前后采集唾液样本，并评估生理参数，即球员所走的距离和血乳酸。采用核磁共振波谱法对样品进行分析。采用正交投影法(OPLS)对数据进行处理。结果:多变量数据分析显示，SSG会影响球员的唾液代谢物水平。我们没有观察到血乳酸浓度和唾液乳酸浓度之间的关系，也没有发现与血乳酸值相关的代谢谱的任何变化。在确定的代谢物中，牛磺酸被发现与运动员在比赛中所覆盖的距离有关。结论:总之，这些结果指出了唾液在运动比赛中跟踪代谢变化的潜在用途，并开启了使用这种非侵入性生物液体研究运动员训练状态和表现的可能性。

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