Alejandra Loyola-Leyva, K. Hernández-Vidales, J. Loyola-Rodríguez, F. J. González
Background: There is considerable interest in developing faster, less invasive, and more objective techniques to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellits (T2DM). Optical techniques like Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are efficient, precise, low-cost, portable, and easy to handle, which seem to overcome most of the present difficulties of actual tests for T2DM diagnosis. However, the use of both Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been limited for T2DM diagnosis or follow-up. Objective: To gather information regarding the use of Raman spectroscopy and SERS to evaluate the spectra of biofluids (blood components, saliva, and urine) and tissues (skin) as an early diagnostic tool or follow-up for T2DM. Results: Skin and biofluids provide a great amount of information that can be analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and SERS. These optical techniques are excellent for clinical applications and can differentiate people with T2DM from healthy individuals, predict complications arising from T2DM (chronic kidney disease), and might be used to monitor glucose (glycemic control). Conclusion: Raman spectroscopy and SERS are good optical techniques for the diagnosis of T2DM in which sample preparation is not necessary or very simple, non-destructive, non-invasive, relatively fast to acquire, and low-cost.
{"title":"Raman spectroscopy applications for the diagnosis and follow-up of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A brief review","authors":"Alejandra Loyola-Leyva, K. Hernández-Vidales, J. Loyola-Rodríguez, F. J. González","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200207","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is considerable interest in developing faster, less invasive, and more objective techniques to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellits (T2DM). Optical techniques like Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are efficient, precise, low-cost, portable, and easy to handle, which seem to overcome most of the present difficulties of actual tests for T2DM diagnosis. However, the use of both Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been limited for T2DM diagnosis or follow-up. Objective: To gather information regarding the use of Raman spectroscopy and SERS to evaluate the spectra of biofluids (blood components, saliva, and urine) and tissues (skin) as an early diagnostic tool or follow-up for T2DM. Results: Skin and biofluids provide a great amount of information that can be analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and SERS. These optical techniques are excellent for clinical applications and can differentiate people with T2DM from healthy individuals, predict complications arising from T2DM (chronic kidney disease), and might be used to monitor glucose (glycemic control). Conclusion: Raman spectroscopy and SERS are good optical techniques for the diagnosis of T2DM in which sample preparation is not necessary or very simple, non-destructive, non-invasive, relatively fast to acquire, and low-cost.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42690266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy can be applied as an effective and non-invasive spectroscopic method for analyzing samples with unpaired electrons. EPR is suitable for the quantification of radical species, assessment of redox chemical reaction mechanisms in foods, evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of food, as well as for the analysis of food quality, stability, and shelf life. It can be employed for evaluating and monitoring the drug release processes, in vitro and in vivo. EPR can be employed for the direct detection of free radical metabolites, and the evaluation of drug release mechanisms from biodegradable polymers; it can be employed for analyzing the drug antioxidant effects. Additionally, spatial resolution can be achieved through EPR-imaging. EPR spectroscopy and imaging have shown diverse applications in food, biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, and also more applications are predictable to emerge in the future. This review highlights recent advances and important challenges related to the application of EPR in food, biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis and assessment.
{"title":"Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: Food, biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis","authors":"S. Iravani, G. Soufi","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200206","url":null,"abstract":"Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy can be applied as an effective and non-invasive spectroscopic method for analyzing samples with unpaired electrons. EPR is suitable for the quantification of radical species, assessment of redox chemical reaction mechanisms in foods, evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of food, as well as for the analysis of food quality, stability, and shelf life. It can be employed for evaluating and monitoring the drug release processes, in vitro and in vivo. EPR can be employed for the direct detection of free radical metabolites, and the evaluation of drug release mechanisms from biodegradable polymers; it can be employed for analyzing the drug antioxidant effects. Additionally, spatial resolution can be achieved through EPR-imaging. EPR spectroscopy and imaging have shown diverse applications in food, biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, and also more applications are predictable to emerge in the future. This review highlights recent advances and important challenges related to the application of EPR in food, biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis and assessment.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marfran C. D. Santos, Camilo L. M. Morais, K. M. Lima
In pandemic times, like the one we are witnessing for COVID-19, the discussion about new efficient and rapid techniques for diagnosis of diseases is more evident. In this mini-review, we present to the virological scientific community the potential of attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a diagnosis technique. Herein, we explain the operation of this technique, as well as its advantages over standard methods. In addition, we also present the multivariate analysis tools that can be used to extract useful information from the data towards classification purposes. Tools such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (LDA and QDA) are covered, including examples of published studies. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy are emphasized, as well as future prospects in this field of study that is only growing. One of the main aims of this paper is to encourage the scientific community to explore the potential of this spectroscopic tool to detect changes in biological samples such as those caused by the presence of viruses.
{"title":"ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for virus identification: A powerful alternative","authors":"Marfran C. D. Santos, Camilo L. M. Morais, K. M. Lima","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200203","url":null,"abstract":"In pandemic times, like the one we are witnessing for COVID-19, the discussion about new efficient and rapid techniques for diagnosis of diseases is more evident. In this mini-review, we present to the virological scientific community the potential of attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a diagnosis technique. Herein, we explain the operation of this technique, as well as its advantages over standard methods. In addition, we also present the multivariate analysis tools that can be used to extract useful information from the data towards classification purposes. Tools such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (LDA and QDA) are covered, including examples of published studies. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy are emphasized, as well as future prospects in this field of study that is only growing. One of the main aims of this paper is to encourage the scientific community to explore the potential of this spectroscopic tool to detect changes in biological samples such as those caused by the presence of viruses.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43952103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. In many scientific fields there is a high interest to study molecular adsorption processes on surfaces. The adsorbed molecule can have significant impact on the properties of the material under study, for example protein adsorption to inorganic material can enhance its biocompatibility. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a suitable method to monitor such adsorption processes close to a surface. In this study, ZnO films were synthesized on silicon ATR substrates via a mild hydrothermal reaction. The films were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR microscopy. Chemical imaging with FTIR microscopy allowed to analyze the composition of the heterogeneous film samples. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was then applied to investigate the adsorption properties of the ZnO films. Protein solutions of bovine serum albumine (BSA) were circulated in a closed cycle over the ZnO film and IR spectra were recorded during the adsorption process. A stronger protein adsorption was observed for silicon substrates coated with ZnO than for plain silicon. Furthermore, subsequent flushing with pure water and desorption measurements indicated a stronger protein binding to ZnO than to plain silicon.
{"title":"Protein adsorption on ZnO films studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy","authors":"Wolfgang G. Hinze, M. Fallah, K. Hauser","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200199","url":null,"abstract":". In many scientific fields there is a high interest to study molecular adsorption processes on surfaces. The adsorbed molecule can have significant impact on the properties of the material under study, for example protein adsorption to inorganic material can enhance its biocompatibility. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a suitable method to monitor such adsorption processes close to a surface. In this study, ZnO films were synthesized on silicon ATR substrates via a mild hydrothermal reaction. The films were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR microscopy. Chemical imaging with FTIR microscopy allowed to analyze the composition of the heterogeneous film samples. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was then applied to investigate the adsorption properties of the ZnO films. Protein solutions of bovine serum albumine (BSA) were circulated in a closed cycle over the ZnO film and IR spectra were recorded during the adsorption process. A stronger protein adsorption was observed for silicon substrates coated with ZnO than for plain silicon. Furthermore, subsequent flushing with pure water and desorption measurements indicated a stronger protein binding to ZnO than to plain silicon.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MR Spectroscopy (MRS) has been used for diagnosis of many neurological disorders such as central nervous system tumors and neuro-inflammatory diseases. Despite many studies on MRS in neurodegenerative disorders and particularly Alzheimer’s disease, its utility has been hampered by lack of standard techniques across studies and limited data on the association between the level of metabolites in MRS and pathological changes of AD. In this review we have summarized the findings of MRS in Alzheimer’s disease, discussed the limitation of the current data and the pitfalls in interpretation of the MRS results and also we presented the latest developments in this field and potential future steps in order to utilize MRS more effectively in clinical practice.
{"title":"MR spectroscopy in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"N. Sheikh-Bahaei","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200194","url":null,"abstract":"MR Spectroscopy (MRS) has been used for diagnosis of many neurological disorders such as central nervous system tumors and neuro-inflammatory diseases. Despite many studies on MRS in neurodegenerative disorders and particularly Alzheimer’s disease, its utility has been hampered by lack of standard techniques across studies and limited data on the association between the level of metabolites in MRS and pathological changes of AD. In this review we have summarized the findings of MRS in Alzheimer’s disease, discussed the limitation of the current data and the pitfalls in interpretation of the MRS results and also we presented the latest developments in this field and potential future steps in order to utilize MRS more effectively in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44727591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The function of membrane proteins is highly impacted by their membrane environment. One suitable approach to get insights into the interaction-induced dynamics of membrane proteins and lipid membranes is time-resolved infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Conclusions about environmental influences to the system can be drawn by correlating the observed kinetics to the well-characterized photocycles of light-driven transmembrane proton pumps like bacteriorhodopsin (BR). For the investigation of photoreceptor-membrane interactions, also minor changes in the absorption spectra must be resolved. Therefore, we applied IR laser spectroscopy using tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) as IR light source. Several QCLs were implemented in a home-built spectrometer and provide a tunability in a broad spectral region covering protein, chromophore and lipid vibrational modes. Kinetics of the BR photocycle were monitored at single wavenumbers. This study demonstrates the high potential of QCL-based spectroscopy for the application to membrane protein studies.
{"title":"Application of tunable quantum cascade lasers to monitor dynamics of bacteriorhodopsin in the mid-IR spectral range","authors":"P. Stritt, Michael Jawurek, K. Hauser","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200195","url":null,"abstract":"The function of membrane proteins is highly impacted by their membrane environment. One suitable approach to get insights into the interaction-induced dynamics of membrane proteins and lipid membranes is time-resolved infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Conclusions about environmental influences to the system can be drawn by correlating the observed kinetics to the well-characterized photocycles of light-driven transmembrane proton pumps like bacteriorhodopsin (BR). For the investigation of photoreceptor-membrane interactions, also minor changes in the absorption spectra must be resolved. Therefore, we applied IR laser spectroscopy using tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) as IR light source. Several QCLs were implemented in a home-built spectrometer and provide a tunability in a broad spectral region covering protein, chromophore and lipid vibrational modes. Kinetics of the BR photocycle were monitored at single wavenumbers. This study demonstrates the high potential of QCL-based spectroscopy for the application to membrane protein studies.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46990757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Initiated in 1985, the bi-ennial European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules (ECSBM) has become recognised as one of the leading international conferences at which applications of biomolecular spectroscopy in fundamental scientific research, medical and clinical sciences, and the pharmaceutical industries are explored [1]. The 18th edition of ECSBM took place in the O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin from the 19th – 22nd August 2019, co-chaired by Susan J. Quinn, UCD, and Hugh J. Byrne, TU Dublin. Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules entails the fundamental understanding of biomolecular structure, function and dysfunction, their contributions in organisms, including plants, animals and humans, as well as the development of technologies to monitor their presence, performance, and/or production (e.g. diagnostic imaging, process control). ECSBM provides a platform for a multidisciplinary community, developing a wide range of spectroscopic techniques (IR, Raman, UV-Vis, fluorescence, NMR, EPR) for the investigation of the structures, functions and dysfunctions of biological molecules, exploring the potential applications of the techniques in areas including food and nutrition, biomedical imaging, anticancer research, drug delivery and nano-biotechnology. The scope of the scientific topics covered has recently extended to applications in the fields of biomedical imaging, anticancer research, drug delivery and nano-biotechnology. At the meeting in Dublin, the impact for food science and nutrition was also included within the scope of the programme. In total, the meeting was attended by 177 delegates, from 22 countries, including USA (3) and Brazil (5). The programme entailed 18 oral, and 2 poster sessions. There were a total of 70 oral and 69 poster
{"title":"European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules – Dublin 2019","authors":"S. Quinn, H. Byrne, P. Haris","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200202","url":null,"abstract":"Initiated in 1985, the bi-ennial European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules (ECSBM) has become recognised as one of the leading international conferences at which applications of biomolecular spectroscopy in fundamental scientific research, medical and clinical sciences, and the pharmaceutical industries are explored [1]. The 18th edition of ECSBM took place in the O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin from the 19th – 22nd August 2019, co-chaired by Susan J. Quinn, UCD, and Hugh J. Byrne, TU Dublin. Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules entails the fundamental understanding of biomolecular structure, function and dysfunction, their contributions in organisms, including plants, animals and humans, as well as the development of technologies to monitor their presence, performance, and/or production (e.g. diagnostic imaging, process control). ECSBM provides a platform for a multidisciplinary community, developing a wide range of spectroscopic techniques (IR, Raman, UV-Vis, fluorescence, NMR, EPR) for the investigation of the structures, functions and dysfunctions of biological molecules, exploring the potential applications of the techniques in areas including food and nutrition, biomedical imaging, anticancer research, drug delivery and nano-biotechnology. The scope of the scientific topics covered has recently extended to applications in the fields of biomedical imaging, anticancer research, drug delivery and nano-biotechnology. At the meeting in Dublin, the impact for food science and nutrition was also included within the scope of the programme. In total, the meeting was attended by 177 delegates, from 22 countries, including USA (3) and Brazil (5). The programme entailed 18 oral, and 2 poster sessions. There were a total of 70 oral and 69 poster","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47960375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in LA-ICP-MS for biomedical applications","authors":"L. D. Barbosa, Alessandra Sussulini","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41973783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Li-Fi based wireless system for surveillance in hospitals","authors":"Afaf Mosaif, S. Rakrak","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49413800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedded implementation of biomedical applications in heterogeneous systems","authors":"R. Latif, A. Saddik","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49569789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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