{"title":"Covid-19 pandemic has been a set-back for scientific productivity and the road to recovery must focus on improving the mental health and well-being of scientists","authors":"P. Haris","doi":"10.3233/bsi-230003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-230003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":"115 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuan Huang, Gina Reye, Konstantin I. Momot, Tony Blick, Thomas Lloyd, Wayne D. Tilley, Theresa E. Hickey, Cameron E. Snell, Erik W. Thompson, Honor J. Hugo
Background: Increased mammographic density (MD) is a strong and independent risk factor for breast cancer. Lifetime oestrogenic exposure is associated with increased MD, however androgenic effects on MD have not been widely investigated. Methods: We studied the effect of 17 β-oestradiol (E2) alone or in combination with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist ( 5 α-dihydrotestosterone [DHT]) or a selective AR modulator (Enobosarm), in modulating MD as measured via single-sided Portable NMR in a patient-derived explant (PDE) model of normal human mammary tissue. Results: We observed an upward trend in explants treated with E2 alone in 3/6 cases, an effect which appeared to be somewhat influenced by menopausal status. Co-treatment of E2 with the AR agonists DHT or Enobosarm however effected a downward trend in regards to MD. E2 significantly upregulated the ER regulated genes (ERGs) CELSR2 and AR, and the AR regulated genes SEC14L2 and GRPC5A, whereas E2 in combination with AR agonist Enobosarm downregulated ERGs SERPINA3, ATP6V1B1, TFF1 and PR regulated gene RANK. Only GREB1 and CLIC6 were upregulated by E2 and downregulated by the combination of E2 with Enobosarm. DHT + E2 exhibited no significant difference in expression of ER, AR or PR genes examined, compared with the effect of E2 alone. A negative trend was observed between ER protein levels and MD increase in PDEs. Since ER protein gets degraded upon hormone activation, this observation supports active ER signalling in the promotion of MD. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings supports the utility of single-sided Portable NMR for the measurement of MD in explanted human mammary tissue to detect MD change in response to exogenous hormone treatments. A mechanism through which activation of AR may reduce MD as a potential mechanism for reducing breast cancer risk associated to high MD is discussed.
{"title":"Portable NMR for the investigation of models of mammographic density ex vivo: Androgens antagonise the promotional effect of oestrogen","authors":"Xuan Huang, Gina Reye, Konstantin I. Momot, Tony Blick, Thomas Lloyd, Wayne D. Tilley, Theresa E. Hickey, Cameron E. Snell, Erik W. Thompson, Honor J. Hugo","doi":"10.3233/bsi-230000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-230000","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased mammographic density (MD) is a strong and independent risk factor for breast cancer. Lifetime oestrogenic exposure is associated with increased MD, however androgenic effects on MD have not been widely investigated. Methods: We studied the effect of 17 β-oestradiol (E2) alone or in combination with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist ( 5 α-dihydrotestosterone [DHT]) or a selective AR modulator (Enobosarm), in modulating MD as measured via single-sided Portable NMR in a patient-derived explant (PDE) model of normal human mammary tissue. Results: We observed an upward trend in explants treated with E2 alone in 3/6 cases, an effect which appeared to be somewhat influenced by menopausal status. Co-treatment of E2 with the AR agonists DHT or Enobosarm however effected a downward trend in regards to MD. E2 significantly upregulated the ER regulated genes (ERGs) CELSR2 and AR, and the AR regulated genes SEC14L2 and GRPC5A, whereas E2 in combination with AR agonist Enobosarm downregulated ERGs SERPINA3, ATP6V1B1, TFF1 and PR regulated gene RANK. Only GREB1 and CLIC6 were upregulated by E2 and downregulated by the combination of E2 with Enobosarm. DHT + E2 exhibited no significant difference in expression of ER, AR or PR genes examined, compared with the effect of E2 alone. A negative trend was observed between ER protein levels and MD increase in PDEs. Since ER protein gets degraded upon hormone activation, this observation supports active ER signalling in the promotion of MD. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings supports the utility of single-sided Portable NMR for the measurement of MD in explanted human mammary tissue to detect MD change in response to exogenous hormone treatments. A mechanism through which activation of AR may reduce MD as a potential mechanism for reducing breast cancer risk associated to high MD is discussed.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":"119 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Surazynski, H. Nieminen, Markus J. Mäkinen, Miika T. Nieminen, T. Myllylä
When light is illuminated using a broad spectrum and detected without physical contact between source and detector the method is often referred as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Combined with newest computational algorithms, DRS may reach high performance in near future in tissue characterization and pathology. In this study, we show that DRS can be used to automatically differentiate untreated fresh liver tissue from heat-induced and chemically induced tissue denaturation in bovine liver ex vivo. For this, we used a thresholding algorithm that was developed and tested using 10-fold cross validation. Our results indicate that DRS has potential to detect pathological tissue processes that result in tissue injury and ultimately tissue necrosis. The detection of necrosis is important for many medical applications, not least for tissue sampling by biopsy needle, where additional guidance to commonly used ultrasound would be welcome. Furthermore, cancer tissue is prone to necrosis as a result of tissue hypoxia and due to cancer treatments.
{"title":"A method to detect thermal damage in bovine liver utilising diffuse reflectance spectroscopy","authors":"L. Surazynski, H. Nieminen, Markus J. Mäkinen, Miika T. Nieminen, T. Myllylä","doi":"10.3233/bsi-230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-230001","url":null,"abstract":"When light is illuminated using a broad spectrum and detected without physical contact between source and detector the method is often referred as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Combined with newest computational algorithms, DRS may reach high performance in near future in tissue characterization and pathology. In this study, we show that DRS can be used to automatically differentiate untreated fresh liver tissue from heat-induced and chemically induced tissue denaturation in bovine liver ex vivo. For this, we used a thresholding algorithm that was developed and tested using 10-fold cross validation. Our results indicate that DRS has potential to detect pathological tissue processes that result in tissue injury and ultimately tissue necrosis. The detection of necrosis is important for many medical applications, not least for tissue sampling by biopsy needle, where additional guidance to commonly used ultrasound would be welcome. Furthermore, cancer tissue is prone to necrosis as a result of tissue hypoxia and due to cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43527601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marfran C. D. Santos, João V. M. Mariz, Raissa V. O. Silva, Camilo L. M. Morais, K. M. Lima
In view of the global pandemic that started in 2020, caused by COVID-19, the importance of the existence of fast, reliable, cheap diagnostic techniques capable of detecting the virus even in the first days of infection became evident. This review discusses studies involving the use of spectroscopic techniques in the detection of viruses in clinical samples. Techniques based on mid-infrared, near-infrared, Raman, and molecular fluorescence are explained and it was demonstrated how they can be used in conjunction with computational tools of multivariate analysis to build models capable of detecting viruses. Studies that used real clinical samples from 2011 to 2021 were analyzed. The results demonstrate the potential of the techniques in detecting viruses. Spectroscopic techniques, as well as chemometric techniques, were also explained. Viral diagnosis based on spectroscopy has interesting advantages compared to standard techniques such as: fast results, no need for reagents, non-destructiveness for the sample, no need for sample preparation, relatively low cost, among others. Several studies have corroborated the real possibility that, in the near future, we may have spectroscopic tools being successfully applied in viral diagnosis.
{"title":"Clinical applications of spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with multivariate analysis in virus diagnosis","authors":"Marfran C. D. Santos, João V. M. Mariz, Raissa V. O. Silva, Camilo L. M. Morais, K. M. Lima","doi":"10.3233/bsi-210213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-210213","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the global pandemic that started in 2020, caused by COVID-19, the importance of the existence of fast, reliable, cheap diagnostic techniques capable of detecting the virus even in the first days of infection became evident. This review discusses studies involving the use of spectroscopic techniques in the detection of viruses in clinical samples. Techniques based on mid-infrared, near-infrared, Raman, and molecular fluorescence are explained and it was demonstrated how they can be used in conjunction with computational tools of multivariate analysis to build models capable of detecting viruses. Studies that used real clinical samples from 2011 to 2021 were analyzed. The results demonstrate the potential of the techniques in detecting viruses. Spectroscopic techniques, as well as chemometric techniques, were also explained. Viral diagnosis based on spectroscopy has interesting advantages compared to standard techniques such as: fast results, no need for reagents, non-destructiveness for the sample, no need for sample preparation, relatively low cost, among others. Several studies have corroborated the real possibility that, in the near future, we may have spectroscopic tools being successfully applied in viral diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44013352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure to As from drinking water and its impact on the health of the Bangladeshi population has received much attention. However, very little information is available regarding As exposure through consumption of fish, which is the main source of animal protein for the majority of Bangladeshis. In this study, concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn Se and Zn in different types of fish, consumed by Bangladeshis, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Daily intakes of the toxic elements As, Cd and Pb through fish consumption were estimated to be 31.8, 0.4 and 4.8 μg/day, respectively. Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) contained the highest concentrations of total As (mean ± SD was 2.55 ± 1.3 mg/kg; n = 15) among the fish analysed. However, toxic inorganic As species were not detected. The dominant As species in Hilsa fish were: dimethylarsenic acid, arsenobetaine and arsenosugars, at 69, 11 and 20% of total As, respectively. The high concentration of Cd detected in Hilsa eggs (average 278 ± 518 μg/kg; range 7.4–1725 μg/kg; n = 10) is of concern since this may have harmful effects on the development of embryos and lead to a decline in the Hilsa population or the quality of the fish. It can also be harmful to those who consume Hilsa eggs on a regular basis. Selenium was found to be highest in Shoal (Micropterus cataractae) fish and a type of small fish, and lowest in Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosis). Small fish species contained Mn and Zn at 7.1- and 4.3-fold higher concentrations, respectively, compared to big fish species. Keski (Corica soborna), a small fish species, contained by far the highest concentrations of Mn (52 mg/kg) and Zn (140 mg/kg), although the concentration of As (1.4 mg/kg) in this fish was lower than that of several other fish species. Small fish species are often consumed whole, including the bones, and therefore the essential trace elements present are potentially bioavailable for cellular metabolism. Our study shows that the Bangladeshi population can easily meet their daily requirement of Se and Zn from consumption of fish such as Shoal fish (Se and Zn), Hilsa fish (Se and Zn) and Keski fish (Se and Zn). Consumption of small fish (such as Keski) and big fish (such as Hilsa) from Bangladesh can provide valuable sources of essential trace elements as part of a balanced diet and thus negate the need for supplements and biofortification of certain foods. Ours is a small study and a detailed total dietary intake and human biomonitoring studies, that includes coverage of different socio-economic groups, are needed in Bangladesh before giving people supplements or biofortified foods.
{"title":"Determination of arsenic, cadmium, selenium, zinc and other trace elements in Bangladeshi fish and arsenic speciation study of Hilsa fish flesh and eggs: Implications for dietary intake","authors":"S. Al-Rmalli, R. Jenkins, M. Watts, P. Haris","doi":"10.3233/bsi-210212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-210212","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to As from drinking water and its impact on the health of the Bangladeshi population has received much attention. However, very little information is available regarding As exposure through consumption of fish, which is the main source of animal protein for the majority of Bangladeshis. In this study, concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn Se and Zn in different types of fish, consumed by Bangladeshis, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Daily intakes of the toxic elements As, Cd and Pb through fish consumption were estimated to be 31.8, 0.4 and 4.8 μg/day, respectively. Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) contained the highest concentrations of total As (mean ± SD was 2.55 ± 1.3 mg/kg; n = 15) among the fish analysed. However, toxic inorganic As species were not detected. The dominant As species in Hilsa fish were: dimethylarsenic acid, arsenobetaine and arsenosugars, at 69, 11 and 20% of total As, respectively. The high concentration of Cd detected in Hilsa eggs (average 278 ± 518 μg/kg; range 7.4–1725 μg/kg; n = 10) is of concern since this may have harmful effects on the development of embryos and lead to a decline in the Hilsa population or the quality of the fish. It can also be harmful to those who consume Hilsa eggs on a regular basis. Selenium was found to be highest in Shoal (Micropterus cataractae) fish and a type of small fish, and lowest in Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosis). Small fish species contained Mn and Zn at 7.1- and 4.3-fold higher concentrations, respectively, compared to big fish species. Keski (Corica soborna), a small fish species, contained by far the highest concentrations of Mn (52 mg/kg) and Zn (140 mg/kg), although the concentration of As (1.4 mg/kg) in this fish was lower than that of several other fish species. Small fish species are often consumed whole, including the bones, and therefore the essential trace elements present are potentially bioavailable for cellular metabolism. Our study shows that the Bangladeshi population can easily meet their daily requirement of Se and Zn from consumption of fish such as Shoal fish (Se and Zn), Hilsa fish (Se and Zn) and Keski fish (Se and Zn). Consumption of small fish (such as Keski) and big fish (such as Hilsa) from Bangladesh can provide valuable sources of essential trace elements as part of a balanced diet and thus negate the need for supplements and biofortification of certain foods. Ours is a small study and a detailed total dietary intake and human biomonitoring studies, that includes coverage of different socio-economic groups, are needed in Bangladesh before giving people supplements or biofortified foods.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46487589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Diabetic problems are more common in the lower extremity and linked with high mortality rate which affects public health system. The present study focused on monitoring the changes in tissue oxygenation concentrations using Near infrared spectroscopy system along with temperature and hardness of the foot tissues. Methods: Control subjects (without diabetes) and diabetic patients without neuropathy were selected for this study and three standard foot risk areas were considered. Standard induced ischemic stimulus was given to assess the response of the designed system and to analyze the changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin levels during venous occlusion. Results: Results showed significant differences in the tissue oxygenation index value in all three standard areas where oxygenation value at the foot areas were significantly low ( p < 0.05) in diabetic group as compared to control group. Also, significant difference were found in tissue hardness value when comparing between groups, where the diabetic group had significantly high ( p < 0.05) tissue hardness at area 5 and area 8 as compared to control groups. Conclusion: Therefore, the present study concludes that high tissue hardness had significant effect on tissue oxygenation index that affects vascular circulation and this condition could be assessable using NIRS technique in order to find risky areas at the foot sole.
{"title":"Non-invasive assessment of tissue oxygenation parameters in diabetic patients foot sole using near infrared spectroscopy","authors":"M. Brindha, N. Seshadri, R. Periyasamy","doi":"10.3233/BSI-210211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-210211","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Diabetic problems are more common in the lower extremity and linked with high mortality rate which affects public health system. The present study focused on monitoring the changes in tissue oxygenation concentrations using Near infrared spectroscopy system along with temperature and hardness of the foot tissues. Methods: Control subjects (without diabetes) and diabetic patients without neuropathy were selected for this study and three standard foot risk areas were considered. Standard induced ischemic stimulus was given to assess the response of the designed system and to analyze the changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin levels during venous occlusion. Results: Results showed significant differences in the tissue oxygenation index value in all three standard areas where oxygenation value at the foot areas were significantly low ( p < 0.05) in diabetic group as compared to control group. Also, significant difference were found in tissue hardness value when comparing between groups, where the diabetic group had significantly high ( p < 0.05) tissue hardness at area 5 and area 8 as compared to control groups. Conclusion: Therefore, the present study concludes that high tissue hardness had significant effect on tissue oxygenation index that affects vascular circulation and this condition could be assessable using NIRS technique in order to find risky areas at the foot sole.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-210211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42971468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Besides NMR and X-ray crystallography, FTIR and CD spectroscopy are widely considered to be useful for determining protein secondary structure. These techniques can be used to obtain data in few minutes, using small quantities of proteins, which make them amenable for proteomics research. Here we explore the possibility of using artificial intelligence techniques to simultaneously analyse both FTIR and CD spectroscopic data for an identical set of proteins. Neural network analysis was carried out on normalised regions of FTIR (1700-1600 cm−1) and CD (180-259 nm) spectral data both with and without boxcar averaging in order to quantify the average length and percentages of secondary structures. A hybrid genetic algorithm/neural network approach, that automatically selects structure-sensitive wavelength/frequency, was used for the quantification of the protein secondary structure. Using this algorithm we also successfully identified the region of the CD spectrum that contains the most structure-sensitive information. This was located between 214-251 nm, suggesting that this region alone may be sufficient to rapidly determine the secondary structure content from CD spectral data. Overall, CD spectroscopic analysis produced better results compared to FTIR spectroscopy when selected wavelengths were used, although FTIR was better when the entire region between 1700-1600 cm−1 (FTIR), and 180-259 nm (CD), was subjected to neural network analysis. Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with fuzzy subtractive clustering for the analysis of the spectral data led to a slightly better prediction of the average helix/sheet length for FTIR spectroscopy compared to CD. Our findings reveal the potential of using artificial intelligence techniques for not only extracting structural information but also for better understanding of the relationship between complex spectral data and biologically important information.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence analysis of FTIR and CD spectroscopic data for predicting and quantifying the length and content of protein secondary structures","authors":"P. Haris, J. A. Hering","doi":"10.3233/BSI-210210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-210210","url":null,"abstract":"Besides NMR and X-ray crystallography, FTIR and CD spectroscopy are widely considered to be useful for determining protein secondary structure. These techniques can be used to obtain data in few minutes, using small quantities of proteins, which make them amenable for proteomics research. Here we explore the possibility of using artificial intelligence techniques to simultaneously analyse both FTIR and CD spectroscopic data for an identical set of proteins. Neural network analysis was carried out on normalised regions of FTIR (1700-1600 cm−1) and CD (180-259 nm) spectral data both with and without boxcar averaging in order to quantify the average length and percentages of secondary structures. A hybrid genetic algorithm/neural network approach, that automatically selects structure-sensitive wavelength/frequency, was used for the quantification of the protein secondary structure. Using this algorithm we also successfully identified the region of the CD spectrum that contains the most structure-sensitive information. This was located between 214-251 nm, suggesting that this region alone may be sufficient to rapidly determine the secondary structure content from CD spectral data. Overall, CD spectroscopic analysis produced better results compared to FTIR spectroscopy when selected wavelengths were used, although FTIR was better when the entire region between 1700-1600 cm−1 (FTIR), and 180-259 nm (CD), was subjected to neural network analysis. Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with fuzzy subtractive clustering for the analysis of the spectral data led to a slightly better prediction of the average helix/sheet length for FTIR spectroscopy compared to CD. Our findings reveal the potential of using artificial intelligence techniques for not only extracting structural information but also for better understanding of the relationship between complex spectral data and biologically important information.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-210210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43098017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Haris, A. Signes-Pastor, C. Cascio, Eid I. Brima, Aisha Bsher, Almokhtar Salem, R. Jenkins
Parvez I. Haris a,∗, Antonio Signes-Pastor b, Claudia Cascio c, Eid I. Brima a,d, Aisha Bsher a, Almokhtar Salem a and Richard O. Jenkins a a Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK b Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon NH, 03756, USA c European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy d Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Parvez I.Haris a，*，Antonio Signes Pastor b，Claudia Cascio c，Eid I.Brima a，d，Aisha Bsher a，Almokhtar Salem a和Richard O.Jenkins a，英国莱斯特德蒙特福特大学健康与生命科学学院b流行病学系，达特茅斯学院盖塞尔医学院，1医学中心博士，Williamson转化研究大楼，黎巴嫩NH，03756，美国c欧洲食品安全局（EFSA），意大利帕尔马d哈立德国王大学理学院化学系，沙特阿拉伯Abha 61413，邮政信箱9004
{"title":"Shaban Wanis Al-Rmalli: A life dedicated to application of chemistry for improving the environment and saving human lives","authors":"P. Haris, A. Signes-Pastor, C. Cascio, Eid I. Brima, Aisha Bsher, Almokhtar Salem, R. Jenkins","doi":"10.3233/BSI-210209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-210209","url":null,"abstract":"Parvez I. Haris a,∗, Antonio Signes-Pastor b, Claudia Cascio c, Eid I. Brima a,d, Aisha Bsher a, Almokhtar Salem a and Richard O. Jenkins a a Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK b Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon NH, 03756, USA c European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy d Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-210209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41385489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, represents a major global health chal-lenge. It is devastating the lives of people around the world. The scientific community, through the application of advanced scientific techniques, can play an important role in helping to relieve some of the suffering. However, for this to be effective, changes are needed in the way scientific research is conducted. Silo mentality in science has slowed down progress, despite greater awareness regarding breaking barriers between different spheres of knowledge. The story of five blind men [Fig. 1] each giving their description about the elephant, on the basis of what they touched, is equally applicable in the way scientific research is carried out. Often it is not possible to get the “full picture” of a particular system due to research being confined within boundaries set by specific techniques or disciplines. The Covid-19 pandemic provides a window of opportunity to break down such barriers and develop better coordination, cooperation and collaboration to achieve scientific breakthroughs, at least in areas where saving human lives is concerned. There is no doubt that one such area is disease diagnosis and the development of drugs and vaccines. Spectroscopic imaging
{"title":"The Covid-19 pandemic: An urgent need to remove silo mentality in science and tackle global health challenges through coordination, cooperation and collaboration","authors":"P. Haris","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200208","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, represents a major global health chal-lenge. It is devastating the lives of people around the world. The scientific community, through the application of advanced scientific techniques, can play an important role in helping to relieve some of the suffering. However, for this to be effective, changes are needed in the way scientific research is conducted. Silo mentality in science has slowed down progress, despite greater awareness regarding breaking barriers between different spheres of knowledge. The story of five blind men [Fig. 1] each giving their description about the elephant, on the basis of what they touched, is equally applicable in the way scientific research is carried out. Often it is not possible to get the “full picture” of a particular system due to research being confined within boundaries set by specific techniques or disciplines. The Covid-19 pandemic provides a window of opportunity to break down such barriers and develop better coordination, cooperation and collaboration to achieve scientific breakthroughs, at least in areas where saving human lives is concerned. There is no doubt that one such area is disease diagnosis and the development of drugs and vaccines. Spectroscopic imaging","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Force Spectroscopy (FS), which is one of the operating modes of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) technique proven to be useful in many biological and medical applications, such as cancer cells recognition. Currently, many scientific institutions carry on research on the Young’s modulus of individual cancer cells in order to detect the disease at an early stage of its development. As a result of the growing interest in the use of force spectroscopy to study cells’ mechanic, this review summarizes new applications of this method to study changes in the physical and chemical properties of cells under the influence of external stimuli of different origins. The work is divided into four research areas, in which the use of AFM force spectroscopy was used to explain phenomena occurring at the early stages of intracellular organization changes. Research areas presented in this manuscript focuses on detailed description of the effect of manifold external stimuli on cells, such as: (i) cell aging, (ii) active ingredients used in the cosmetics industry to improve skin condition, (iii) nanoparticles used in biomedicine, and (iv) micro- and nano-structures of topography on the surface of substrates used for cell cultures. This review is based on a critical analysis of the latest literature reports (seven of which were created with Author’s contribution) describing the use of force spectroscopy as an effective tool to study the mechanical properties of living cells.
{"title":"AFM force spectroscopy as a powerful tool to address material design for biomedical applications. A review","authors":"I. Dulińska-Molak","doi":"10.3233/bsi-200205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bsi-200205","url":null,"abstract":"Force Spectroscopy (FS), which is one of the operating modes of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) technique proven to be useful in many biological and medical applications, such as cancer cells recognition. Currently, many scientific institutions carry on research on the Young’s modulus of individual cancer cells in order to detect the disease at an early stage of its development. As a result of the growing interest in the use of force spectroscopy to study cells’ mechanic, this review summarizes new applications of this method to study changes in the physical and chemical properties of cells under the influence of external stimuli of different origins. The work is divided into four research areas, in which the use of AFM force spectroscopy was used to explain phenomena occurring at the early stages of intracellular organization changes. Research areas presented in this manuscript focuses on detailed description of the effect of manifold external stimuli on cells, such as: (i) cell aging, (ii) active ingredients used in the cosmetics industry to improve skin condition, (iii) nanoparticles used in biomedicine, and (iv) micro- and nano-structures of topography on the surface of substrates used for cell cultures. This review is based on a critical analysis of the latest literature reports (seven of which were created with Author’s contribution) describing the use of force spectroscopy as an effective tool to study the mechanical properties of living cells.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bsi-200205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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