Deepti Upadhyay, U. Sharma, G. Makharia, N. Jagannathan
Metabonomics study provides a comprehensive metabolic profile of biological samples using techniques like mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolites identified are later analysed using mul- tivariate statistical methods. Metabonomics has the potential to provide putative biomarker/s for disease diagnosis and for monitoring the disease progression and can be used in patient management. Recently, a few metabonomics studies have been reported on blood sera, urine and intestinal mucosal biopsies of celiac disease (CeD) patients using proton NMR. Significantly decreased levels of amino acids, methylamine, lactate, lipids, pyruvate, creatinine, choline and glycoprotein and increased levels of glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate have been reported in blood sera of CeD patients. In intestinal mucosal biopsies of CeD patients, a higher concentration of isoleucine, leucine, aspartate, succinate and pyruvate and lower concentration of glycerophosphocholine was seen as compared to controls. These studies indicates that the metabonomics study of CeD using in-vitro NMR spectroscopy helps in the determination of metabolic signature/s of the disease. It also provides an insight into the biochemistry of the disease and also helps in the identification of metabolites that could serve as putative biomarker/s for the diagnosis of CeD. This review focuses on the application of NMR based metabonomics in CeD and highlights the potential of NMR based metabonomics in the identification of biomarker/s for diagnosis and prognosis.
{"title":"Role of NMR metabonomics in Celiac Disease (CeD)","authors":"Deepti Upadhyay, U. Sharma, G. Makharia, N. Jagannathan","doi":"10.3233/BSI-150129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-150129","url":null,"abstract":"Metabonomics study provides a comprehensive metabolic profile of biological samples using techniques like mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolites identified are later analysed using mul- tivariate statistical methods. Metabonomics has the potential to provide putative biomarker/s for disease diagnosis and for monitoring the disease progression and can be used in patient management. Recently, a few metabonomics studies have been reported on blood sera, urine and intestinal mucosal biopsies of celiac disease (CeD) patients using proton NMR. Significantly decreased levels of amino acids, methylamine, lactate, lipids, pyruvate, creatinine, choline and glycoprotein and increased levels of glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate have been reported in blood sera of CeD patients. In intestinal mucosal biopsies of CeD patients, a higher concentration of isoleucine, leucine, aspartate, succinate and pyruvate and lower concentration of glycerophosphocholine was seen as compared to controls. These studies indicates that the metabonomics study of CeD using in-vitro NMR spectroscopy helps in the determination of metabolic signature/s of the disease. It also provides an insight into the biochemistry of the disease and also helps in the identification of metabolites that could serve as putative biomarker/s for the diagnosis of CeD. This review focuses on the application of NMR based metabonomics in CeD and highlights the potential of NMR based metabonomics in the identification of biomarker/s for diagnosis and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-150129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44733402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Grootendorst, Raluca M. Fratila, Joost J. Pouw, B. T. Haken, R. Wezel, S. Rottenberg, W. Steenbergen, S. Manohar, T. Ruers
Background and objectives: To determine prognosis and treatment, accurate nodal staging is essential in many tumor types. After injection of clinical grade superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, it has been shown that metastatic lymph nodes can be distinguished from benign specimens using MR imaging. However, MR does not benefit per-operative nodal staging which requires a non-ionizing, small volume, high resolution, fast imaging technique. In vivo non-invasive photoacoustic (PA) imaging of lymph nodes might facilitate nodal staging during surgery, thereby benefiting both surgeon and patient. Materials and methods: In order to investigate the feasibility of an in vivo nodal staging approach using photoacoustics, six Mat-lylu inoculated Copenhagen rats were photo-acoustically imaged after injection of a new Class IIa medical device SPIO magnetic tracer (Sienna+). Lymph nodes were imaged in vivo, in toto (after euthanization) and ex vivo using multiple wavelength illumination. Results were compared with MRI, immunohistochemistry and photographs of the sectioned nodes. Results: These experiments demonstrate that in an ex vivo setting, the PA contrast of Sienna+ is able to facilitate a distinction between metastatic and benign nodes. A non-invasive distinction between both groups is partially impeded by the low amount of PA contrast generated by the SPIO particles compared to that of endogenous absorbers such as hemoglobins. Conclusions: This comparison between in vivo, in toto and ex vivo PA imaging of lymph nodes after SPIO injection demonstrates that the clinical potential of combined PA/SPIO staging should initially be exploited in an ex vivo setting. Improved distinction between chromophores by for example multi-spectral unmixing might in the near future enable non-invasive assessment of nodal involvement.
{"title":"Photoacoustic staging of nodal metastases using SPIOs: Comparison between in vivo, in toto and ex vivo imaging in a rat model","authors":"D. Grootendorst, Raluca M. Fratila, Joost J. Pouw, B. T. Haken, R. Wezel, S. Rottenberg, W. Steenbergen, S. Manohar, T. Ruers","doi":"10.3233/BSI-150127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-150127","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives:\u0000To determine prognosis and treatment, accurate nodal staging is essential in many tumor types. After injection of clinical grade superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, it has been shown that metastatic lymph nodes can be distinguished from benign specimens using MR imaging. However, MR does not benefit per-operative nodal staging which requires a non-ionizing, small volume, high resolution, fast imaging technique. In vivo non-invasive photoacoustic (PA) imaging of lymph nodes might facilitate nodal staging during surgery, thereby benefiting both surgeon and patient.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods:\u0000In order to investigate the feasibility of an in vivo nodal staging approach using photoacoustics, six Mat-lylu inoculated Copenhagen rats were photo-acoustically imaged after injection of a new Class IIa medical device SPIO magnetic tracer (Sienna+). Lymph nodes were imaged in vivo, in toto (after euthanization) and ex vivo using multiple wavelength illumination. Results were compared with MRI, immunohistochemistry and photographs of the sectioned nodes.\u0000\u0000Results:\u0000These experiments demonstrate that in an ex vivo setting, the PA contrast of Sienna+ is able to facilitate a distinction between metastatic and benign nodes. A non-invasive distinction between both groups is partially impeded by the low amount of PA contrast generated by the SPIO particles compared to that of endogenous absorbers such as hemoglobins.\u0000\u0000Conclusions:\u0000This comparison between in vivo, in toto and ex vivo PA imaging of lymph nodes after SPIO injection demonstrates that the clinical potential of combined PA/SPIO staging should initially be exploited in an ex vivo setting. Improved distinction between chromophores by for example multi-spectral unmixing might in the near future enable non-invasive assessment of nodal involvement.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-150127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nicotinic acid derivatives such as nicotinamide in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products were screened by fast and nondestructively method, attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The effects of sixteen essential oils creams (clove, cassia bark, geraniom, eucalyptus, thyme, nutmeg, coriander seed, damask, petitgrain, melissa, melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), grape fruit, verbena wild, cinnamon, sandal wood, ginger) on the skin permeation of nicotinic acid were studied using human skin by ATR-IR infrared spectroscopy. We selected essential oils creams based on the characteristic region (1493, 1260, 1050 and 824 cm−1) for nicotinic acid which were not interfered by essential oils. Although all essential oils creams enhanced the permeation of nicotinic acid, their effects were less than that of ethanol. Eucalyptus was found to be the most active, causing peak area decrease of C–H absorbances higher than the others. The effect of eucalyptus essential oil carriers on the release and percutaneous absorption of the nicotinic acid was studied in vitro using a permeation membrane model.
{"title":"Screening nicotinamide in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products and nicotinic acid skin penetration from essential-oil formulations using attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Lai-Hao Wang, Yu-Ping Lin, Yi-Chi Lin","doi":"10.3233/BSI-150126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-150126","url":null,"abstract":"The nicotinic acid derivatives such as nicotinamide in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products were screened by fast and nondestructively method, attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The effects of sixteen essential oils creams (clove, cassia bark, geraniom, eucalyptus, thyme, nutmeg, coriander seed, damask, petitgrain, melissa, melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), grape fruit, verbena wild, cinnamon, sandal wood, ginger) on the skin permeation of nicotinic acid were studied using human skin by ATR-IR infrared spectroscopy. We selected essential oils creams based on the characteristic region (1493, 1260, 1050 and 824 cm−1) for nicotinic acid which were not interfered by essential oils. Although all essential oils creams enhanced the permeation of nicotinic acid, their effects were less than that of ethanol. Eucalyptus was found to be the most active, causing peak area decrease of C–H absorbances higher than the others. The effect of eucalyptus essential oil carriers on the release and percutaneous absorption of the nicotinic acid was studied in vitro using a permeation membrane model.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-150126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47734263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular structure changes are closely related to nutrient utilization and availability. However, so far little research was found to determine the processing induced changes on carbohydrate structure in co-products from bio-oil processing. The objectives of this study were to investigate synergistic effects of conditioning temperature (70, 80 and 90°C) and time (50 and 75 s) during the pelleting process on carbohydrate structure profile of the co-products from bio-oil processing (canola meal). The vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR-VMS) with chemometrics was used to determine the impact of pelleting at different conditions on the inherent molecular structure changes. The molecular spectral analyses, Univariate and Multivariate spectral analyses, were used in this study. Multivariate spectral analyses included cluster analysis and principal analysis. The chemical functional groups mainly associated with carbohydrate structure profile in this lipid-free co-products (or with very little lipid) included cellulosic compounds (CEL, ranged at ca. 1302-1186 cm −1 ), structural CHO (SCHO, ranged at ca. 1488- 1186 cm −1 ) and total CHO (TCHO, ranged at ca. 1193-879 cm −1 ). The results showed that the pelleting process was able to alter inherent structures of CHO functional groups in the co-products from bio-oil processing. The univariate molecular analysis indicated that spectral intensities of CHO functional groups in the co-products were significantly affected by the pelleting process in the current study ( P< 0.05). Altering processing conditions resulted changes in molecular structure features of CHO functional groups except TCHO. The results of multivariate spectral analysis of CHO indicated that inherent CHO structural characteristics of all functional groups were not fully distinguished. This study demonstrated that the pelleting process under the conditions investigated caused partial changes in carbohydrate structures in terms of the spectral features of specific functional groups. These changes were not sufficient enough to make the entire spectral region of CHO functional groups become fully distinguishable. Future research is needed to investigate the interactive relationships between the absorption intensities of carbohydrate functional groups (TCHO, SCHO, CEL) and biodegradation and digestion of the co-products in order to reveal how carbohydrate molecular structure changes induced by processing affect nutritive availability.
{"title":"On a molecular basis pelleting-induced changes on carbohydrate structure of co-products from bio-oil production revealed with vibrational molecular spectroscopy plus chemometrics: Sensitivity and response to conditioning temperature and time","authors":"Xuewei Huang, P. Yu","doi":"10.3233/BSI-160153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-160153","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular structure changes are closely related to nutrient utilization and availability. However, so far little research was found to determine the processing induced changes on carbohydrate structure in co-products from bio-oil processing. The objectives of this study were to investigate synergistic effects of conditioning temperature (70, 80 and 90°C) and time (50 and 75 s) during the pelleting process on carbohydrate structure profile of the co-products from bio-oil processing (canola meal). The vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR-VMS) with chemometrics was used to determine the impact of pelleting at different conditions on the inherent molecular structure changes. The molecular spectral analyses, Univariate and Multivariate spectral analyses, were used in this study. Multivariate spectral analyses included cluster analysis and principal analysis. The chemical functional groups mainly associated with carbohydrate structure profile in this lipid-free co-products (or with very little lipid) included cellulosic compounds (CEL, ranged at ca. 1302-1186 cm −1 ), structural CHO (SCHO, ranged at ca. 1488- 1186 cm −1 ) and total CHO (TCHO, ranged at ca. 1193-879 cm −1 ). The results showed that the pelleting process was able to alter inherent structures of CHO functional groups in the co-products from bio-oil processing. The univariate molecular analysis indicated that spectral intensities of CHO functional groups in the co-products were significantly affected by the pelleting process in the current study ( P< 0.05). Altering processing conditions resulted changes in molecular structure features of CHO functional groups except TCHO. The results of multivariate spectral analysis of CHO indicated that inherent CHO structural characteristics of all functional groups were not fully distinguished. This study demonstrated that the pelleting process under the conditions investigated caused partial changes in carbohydrate structures in terms of the spectral features of specific functional groups. These changes were not sufficient enough to make the entire spectral region of CHO functional groups become fully distinguishable. Future research is needed to investigate the interactive relationships between the absorption intensities of carbohydrate functional groups (TCHO, SCHO, CEL) and biodegradation and digestion of the co-products in order to reveal how carbohydrate molecular structure changes induced by processing affect nutritive availability.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-160153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43349802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Millions of people in Bangladesh are exposed to high concentration of the toxic element arsenic (As) through drinking water and consumption of foods. It has also been reported that Bangladeshis have a low intake of the essential element selenium (Se), which is known to be important as an antioxidant and has been suggested to counteract the toxicity of As. We report here on total intake of As and Se in a Bangladeshi population, based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis of a range of Bangladeshi foods. The total daily intake of As and Se from foods was estimated to be 74.2 and 87.7 μg/day, respectively. If As from water, used for drinking and cooking rice, is included the TDI increases to 385 μg of total As per day. An important finding of our study, contrary to suggestions given in other reports, is that the Bangladeshi diet does not appear to be deficient in Se and this may explain why the blood Se concentrations in Bangladeshis is similar to the USA population. This requires further investigation and detailed dietary and human biomonitoring studies on the Bangladeshi population should be conducted. Rice and fish were the main sources of dietary As and Se for Bangladeshis. Leafy vegetables could also be a significant contributor of high concentration of As in the Bangladeshi diet. The flesh and eggs of Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) species of fish were found to contain particularly high levels of total arsenic (range 0.77–6.15 mg/kg) although this is likely to be dominated by the non-toxic organoarsenic species.
{"title":"Intake of Arsenic and Selenium in a Bangladeshi population investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry","authors":"S. Al-Rmalli, S. Al-Rmalli, R. Jenkins, P. Haris","doi":"10.3233/BSI-160154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-160154","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of people in Bangladesh are exposed to high concentration of the toxic element arsenic (As) through drinking water and consumption of foods. It has also been reported that Bangladeshis have a low intake of the essential element selenium (Se), which is known to be important as an antioxidant and has been suggested to counteract the toxicity of As. We report here on total intake of As and Se in a Bangladeshi population, based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis of a range of Bangladeshi foods. The total daily intake of As and Se from foods was estimated to be 74.2 and 87.7 μg/day, respectively. If As from water, used for drinking and cooking rice, is included the TDI increases to 385 μg of total As per day. An important finding of our study, contrary to suggestions given in other reports, is that the Bangladeshi diet does not appear to be deficient in Se and this may explain why the blood Se concentrations in Bangladeshis is similar to the USA population. This requires further investigation and detailed dietary and human biomonitoring studies on the Bangladeshi population should be conducted. Rice and fish were the main sources of dietary As and Se for Bangladeshis. Leafy vegetables could also be a significant contributor of high concentration of As in the Bangladeshi diet. The flesh and eggs of Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) species of fish were found to contain particularly high levels of total arsenic (range 0.77–6.15 mg/kg) although this is likely to be dominated by the non-toxic organoarsenic species.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-160154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44817953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical and clinical aspects of the use of thermography in non-invasive medical diagnosis","authors":"F. J. González","doi":"10.3233/BSI-160152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-160152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-160152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48599969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: infrared imaging has emerged as a new promising tool in histopathology to provide label free analysis of tissue sections. Interestingly, infrared imaging has the potential to measure many markers at the same time, on one section, without staining. It has been demonstrated to deliver accurate results in numerous cancer pathologies. Yet, today, it is not used in routine diagnostics. The gap between the demonstrated potential and the applications is striking. The reasons why FTIR imaging is not used in the clinics are multiple but one of them is a major obstacle: the diversity of sample preparation, image recording parameters and pre-analytical methods used by the different research groups. This diversity prevents comparison of data and thereby the large scale validation necessary to enter the medical world. OBJECTIVE: we will briefly review here the main aspects of data acquisition and processing used in infrared imaging of tissue sections for which a common approach should be considered. RESULTS: considering requirement for spectral histopathology, the development of the technology and the literature on this topic, guidelines ruling sample preparation and pre-analytical methods do emerge. CONCLUSIONS: consensus values are proposed for most parameters whose current diversity prevents the exchange of data among institutions and thereby the validation of the method on a large scale.
{"title":"Infrared imaging in histopathology: Is a unified approach possible?","authors":"E. Goormaghtigh","doi":"10.3233/BSI-160151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-160151","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: infrared imaging has emerged as a new promising tool in histopathology to provide label free analysis of tissue sections. Interestingly, infrared imaging has the potential to measure many markers at the same time, on one section, without staining. It has been demonstrated to deliver accurate results in numerous cancer pathologies. Yet, today, it is not used in routine diagnostics. The gap between the demonstrated potential and the applications is striking. The reasons why FTIR imaging is not used in the clinics are multiple but one of them is a major obstacle: the diversity of sample preparation, image recording parameters and pre-analytical methods used by the different research groups. This diversity prevents comparison of data and thereby the large scale validation necessary to enter the medical world. OBJECTIVE: we will briefly review here the main aspects of data acquisition and processing used in infrared imaging of tissue sections for which a common approach should be considered. RESULTS: considering requirement for spectral histopathology, the development of the technology and the literature on this topic, guidelines ruling sample preparation and pre-analytical methods do emerge. CONCLUSIONS: consensus values are proposed for most parameters whose current diversity prevents the exchange of data among institutions and thereby the validation of the method on a large scale.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-160151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46360114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-12-27DOI: 10.3233/BSI-170168
Ningzhi Li, Li An, Christopher Johnson, Jun Shen
Background: Due to imperfect slice profiles, unwanted signals from outside the selected voxel may significantly contaminate metabolite signals acquired using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The use of outer volume suppression may exceed the SAR threshold, especially at high field.
Objective: We propose using phase-encoding gradients after radiofrequency (RF) excitation to spatially encode unwanted signals originating from outside of the selected single voxel.
Methods: Phase-encoding gradients were added to a standard single voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence which selects a 2 × 2 × 2 cm3 voxel. Subsequent spatial Fourier transform was used to encode outer volume signals. Phantom and in vivo experiments were performed using both phase-encoded PRESS and standard PRESS at 7 Tesla. Quantification was performed using fitting software developed in-house.
Results: Both phantom and in vivo studies showed that spectra from the phase-encoded PRESS sequence were relatively immune from contamination by oil signals and have more accurate quantification results than spectra from standard PRESS spectra of the same voxel.
Conclusion: The proposed phase-encoded single-voxel PRESS method can significantly suppress outer volume signals that may appear in the spectra of standard PRESS without increasing RF power deposition.
{"title":"Phase-encoded single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy for suppressing outer volume signals at 7 Tesla.","authors":"Ningzhi Li, Li An, Christopher Johnson, Jun Shen","doi":"10.3233/BSI-170168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-170168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to imperfect slice profiles, unwanted signals from outside the selected voxel may significantly contaminate metabolite signals acquired using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The use of outer volume suppression may exceed the SAR threshold, especially at high field.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We propose using phase-encoding gradients after radiofrequency (RF) excitation to spatially encode unwanted signals originating from outside of the selected single voxel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phase-encoding gradients were added to a standard single voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence which selects a 2 × 2 × 2 cm<sup>3</sup> voxel. Subsequent spatial Fourier transform was used to encode outer volume signals. Phantom and in vivo experiments were performed using both phase-encoded PRESS and standard PRESS at 7 Tesla. Quantification was performed using fitting software developed in-house.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both phantom and in vivo studies showed that spectra from the phase-encoded PRESS sequence were relatively immune from contamination by oil signals and have more accurate quantification results than spectra from standard PRESS spectra of the same voxel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed phase-encoded single-voxel PRESS method can significantly suppress outer volume signals that may appear in the spectra of standard PRESS without increasing RF power deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-170168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36094893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ramírez-Elías, E. Guevara, C. Zamora-Pedraza, I. F. B. Juárez, M. Bárcenas, F. Ruiz, F. J. González
{"title":"Assessment of mezcal aging combining Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis techniques","authors":"M. Ramírez-Elías, E. Guevara, C. Zamora-Pedraza, I. F. B. Juárez, M. Bárcenas, F. Ruiz, F. J. González","doi":"10.3233/BSI-170163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-170163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-170163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69857419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collagen fibre architecture in articular cartilage is commonly described in terms of the predominant direction of fibre alignment. X-ray scattering has been used to study the distribution of fibre orientations in cartilage. In this paper, a new methodology for the analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns of articular cartilage in order to quantitatively determine the distribution of collagen fibre orientations in the tissue is presented. A simple three-component model was used to fit intensity data from SAXS patterns to separate diffraction maxima from general diffuse scatter. Deconvolution of angular distributions of intensities of diffraction maxima obtained from SAXS patterns of articular cartilage and ligament samples yielded fibre orientation distributions in the cartilage samples. The methodology developed in this study worked reliably on a large set of SAXS patterns collected from native, dehydrated and trypsin-treated articular cartilage samples. The methods can be extended to quantitative analysis of small or wide angle X-ray scattering patterns obtained from other collagenous materials.
{"title":"Quantifying collagen fibre architecture in articular cartilage using small-angle X-ray scattering","authors":"S. Tadimalla, Monique Tourell, R. Knott, K. Momot","doi":"10.3233/BSI-170164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BSI-170164","url":null,"abstract":"Collagen fibre architecture in articular cartilage is commonly described in terms of the predominant direction of fibre alignment. X-ray scattering has been used to study the distribution of fibre orientations in cartilage. In this paper, a new methodology for the analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns of articular cartilage in order to quantitatively determine the distribution of collagen fibre orientations in the tissue is presented. A simple three-component model was used to fit intensity data from SAXS patterns to separate diffraction maxima from general diffuse scatter. Deconvolution of angular distributions of intensities of diffraction maxima obtained from SAXS patterns of articular cartilage and ligament samples yielded fibre orientation distributions in the cartilage samples. The methodology developed in this study worked reliably on a large set of SAXS patterns collected from native, dehydrated and trypsin-treated articular cartilage samples. The methods can be extended to quantitative analysis of small or wide angle X-ray scattering patterns obtained from other collagenous materials.","PeriodicalId":44239,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BSI-170164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69857435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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