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Examining Profiles of Poverty by Race in America: Policy Implications of a Multi-Dimensional Measure 考察美国种族贫困概况:多维尺度的政策含义
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2022.2037121
A. Jacob
ABSTRACT A looming question for U.S. social policy is whether the over 50-year old federal poverty measure paints an accurate picture of the poor in America today. A panel of experts from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), commissioned by Congress to address the key shortcomings of the federal measure, proposed an alternative poverty measure in the early 1990s that laid the groundwork for the Supplemental Poverty Measure adopted in 2010. However, while, internationally, poverty scholars have argued that poverty is more aptly understood as a constellation of deprivations – a multi-dimensional concept, U.S. poverty measurement continues to focus on economic deprivation. Amartya Sen’s groundbreaking capability approach that focuses on individuals’ capacities provides the framework for the author-created multi-dimensional poverty index encompassing three dimensions Sen considers intrinsically valuable capabilities: education, health, and living standard. Drawing on publically available secondary data, this study adopts a comparative framework to examine national-level racial differences in profiles of poverty, pre-and post-the Great Recession (2005–2010), based on the federal poverty measure, the NAS measure, and the proposed multi-dimensional measure. This multi-dimensional perspective thus offers insights into the type of capability disadvantages contributing to poverty among the citizenry by race.
摘要美国社会政策面临的一个迫在眉睫的问题是,有着50多年历史的联邦贫困衡量标准是否准确地描绘了当今美国的贫困状况。美国国家科学院(NAS)的一个专家小组受国会委托,解决联邦措施的主要缺点,在20世纪90年代初提出了一项替代贫困措施,为2010年通过的补充贫困措施奠定了基础。然而,尽管在国际上,贫困学者认为贫困被更恰当地理解为一系列剥夺——一个多维度的概念,但美国的贫困衡量仍然侧重于经济剥夺。Amartya Sen专注于个人能力的开创性能力方法为作者创建的多维贫困指数提供了框架,该指数包括三个维度,Sen认为这些能力具有内在价值:教育、健康和生活水平。根据公开的二次数据,本研究采用了一个比较框架,以联邦贫困衡量标准、NAS衡量标准和拟议的多维衡量标准为基础,考察大衰退前后(2005-2010年)国家层面的贫困状况种族差异。因此,这种多维度的视角可以深入了解按种族划分的导致公民贫困的能力劣势类型。
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引用次数: 0
Abortion, Science, and Morality in the Turnaway Study: New Perspectives for the Helping Professions 拒绝研究中的堕胎、科学与道德:帮助专业的新视角
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2022.2037821
Sam Coleman
Among its guarantees of physical and mental well-being, a just and healthy society provides its people self-determination in reproduction. For women, control over reproduction is key to attaining well-being and equality with men, but the United States falls woefully below that ideal today, and the flashpoint of struggle for improvement is the availability of induced abortion. Despite the commonality of abortion in today’s America – at least one in four women will have had one in her lifetime (Jones & Jerman, 2017) – arguments about the procedure are as bitter as ever, and an ideological fog obscures crucial facts and concepts concerning abortion’s significance for women and their families.
在保证身心健康的同时,一个公正和健康的社会为人民提供了生育的自决权。对女性来说,控制生育是实现幸福和与男性平等的关键,但美国今天远远低于这一理想,而寻求改善的斗争爆发点是人工流产的可用性。尽管堕胎在当今美国很常见——至少四分之一的女性一生中都会堕胎(Jones&Jerman,2017)——但关于堕胎程序的争论一如既往地激烈,意识形态的迷雾掩盖了有关堕胎对女性及其家庭意义的关键事实和概念。
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引用次数: 0
“JPHS Special Issue - The Politics of Policing: Global and Comparative Perspectives” 小灵通特刊-警务政治:全球与比较视角
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2022.2042925
Ragini Saira Malhotra
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引用次数: 0
A Critical Community Practice Theory for Forging Alliances across Difference 跨越差异建立联盟的批判性社区实践理论
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2021.2012742
Jason M Sawyer, Shane R. Brady
ABSTRACT Increasingly diversity practice skills are imperative to socially just practice in community. Conceptually driven constructs and approaches grounded in ideology dominate practice across difference in communities. This project centers a setting historically challenged by urban renewal, segregation, racism, and systemic oppression. Using critical grounded theory, authors develop a tentative practice theory to forge alliances across differences of power, identity, orientation, and/or culture from data derived in practice. Findings expose three core process dimensions: knowledge development, quality communication, and relationship care; key guiding components, practical skills, and barriers in each to guide evidence-informed community practice and expand the diversity practice lexicon.
为了在社区中进行社会公正的实践,实践技能的多样性越来越强。基于意识形态的概念驱动的结构和方法主导着社区差异的实践。该项目以一个历史上受到城市更新、种族隔离、种族主义和系统性压迫挑战的环境为中心。作者利用批判性基础理论,根据实践中获得的数据,开发了一种尝试性的实践理论,以跨越权力、身份、取向和/或文化的差异建立联盟。研究结果揭示了三个核心过程维度:知识开发、质量沟通和关系关怀;关键指导组成部分、实践技能和障碍,以指导循证社区实践并扩展多样性实践词典。
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引用次数: 1
The Critical Dialogue Cornerstone: Suggested Practices to Guide Implementation, Facilitation and Evaluation. 关键对话的基石:指导实施、促进和评估的建议做法。
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2022.2056866
Alexis Jemal, Liliane Windsor, Christina Inyang, Christina Pierre-Noel

There has been an increased focus on utilizing critical consciousness-focused interventions to address complex, multidimensional socio-cultural problems, particularly health inequities. These interventions usually incorporate a critical dialogue component. However, there's little guidance on how to implement, facilitate and evaluate critical dialogue to develop critical consciousness (i.e., reflecting and acting on sociopolitical inequities). This conceptual paper: 1) introduces critical dialogue and the tools used to implement critical dialogue from the literature; 2) details the development of the Community Wise intervention to present how Community Wise incorporated a critical dialogue component; 3) provides a brief overview of a proposed framework of critical consciousness development that the critical dialogue component of Community Wise could support; 4) provides an anecdotal exploration of the critical dialogue sessions used in the first pilot test of the intervention through the proposed framework of Transformative Consciousness; and 5) suggests practice guidelines for group work that incorporates facilitated critical dialogue.

人们越来越重视利用以批判意识为重点的干预措施来解决复杂的、多层面的社会文化问题,尤其是健康方面的不公平现象。这些干预措施通常包含批判性对话的内容。然而,对于如何实施、促进和评估批判性对话以培养批判意识(即对社会政治不平等现象进行反思并采取行动),却鲜有指导。本概念性文件1)介绍批判性对话以及文献中用于实施批判性对话的工具;2)详细介绍 "社区智者 "干预措施的发展,介绍 "社区智者 "如何纳入批判性对话部分;3)简要概述 "社区智者 "批判性对话部分可支持的批判性意识发展的拟议框架;4)通过拟议的变革意识框架,对干预措施首次试点测试中使用的批判性对话环节进行轶事探索;5)为纳入促进批判性对话的小组工作提出实践指南。
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引用次数: 0
Learning and Unlearning: Two Social Workers’ Autoethnographic Exploration into Mad Studies 学习与解放:两位社会工作者对疯狂研究的民族志探索
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2021.2007456
Karen MacPhee, Lynsey Wilson Norrad
ABSTRACT Mad studies focuses on the lived experiences of people involved with the mental health system, a system that is structured so that well-intentioned social workers can become complicit in the oppression of individuals with “mental illness.” Mad studies offers social work an alternative to the biomedical construction of mental health. This autoethnography explores the ways in which two seasoned social workers and graduate students experienced a Mad studies informed social justice class. Through the use of journal entries and discussion, we explore the process of learning new ways of thinking and working alongside individuals from a more socially just perspective.
摘要:疯狂研究关注的是心理健康系统参与者的生活经历,这个系统的结构使善意的社会工作者可以成为压迫“精神疾病”患者的同谋。疯狂研究为社会工作提供了一种替代心理健康生物医学构建的选择。这本民族志探索了两位经验丰富的社会工作者和研究生体验疯狂研究知情社会正义课程的方式。通过使用日记条目和讨论,我们从更社会公正的角度探索了学习新思维方式和与个人共事的过程。
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引用次数: 3
Homelessness and the Paradox of Welfare Austerity: Echoes from History in the Era of COVID-19 无家可归与福利紧缩的悖论:新冠肺炎时代的历史回响
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2021.2006538
Ryan F. Savino
ABSTRACT The scale of homelessness in the United States is a product of systematic political and economic restructuring. Austerity politics thrive in an environment that obscures these historical realities. Examining the devolution of homeless services not only illuminates the myriad paradoxes embedded in fiscal conservativism–it also provides a blueprint for reform. COVID-19 has only accentuated inequality and stirred social unrest. Nevertheless, these forces have failed to overturn entrenched power structures. As a necessity for sustaining life, a means of accumulating wealth, and inroads to social capital, housing is key to creating a more equitable post-COVID world.
摘要美国无家可归者的规模是系统性政治和经济结构调整的产物。紧缩政治在掩盖这些历史现实的环境中蓬勃发展。研究无家可归者服务的权力下放不仅揭示了财政保守主义中的无数悖论,还为改革提供了蓝图。新冠肺炎只会加剧不平等,引发社会动荡。然而,这些力量未能推翻根深蒂固的权力结构。住房是维持生命的必需品,是积累财富的手段,也是获取社会资本的途径,是创造一个更公平的新冠肺炎后世界的关键。
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引用次数: 0
From “Patient” to “Activist”: Treatment Experiences, Changing Perceptions, and Resistance of Mental Health Survivors 从“病人”到“活动家”:心理健康幸存者的治疗经历、观念变化和抵抗力
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2021.1987736
Zion Barnetz, Shira Gefen,
ABSTRACT The mental health survivors movement, composed of former and current mental health service consumers- turned activists is one of the most promising innovative and subversive phenomenon in the field of mental health (source, year). Although scholarly writing on this movement is slowly cumulating, much more empirical and theoretical work is needed to further our understanding of, and ability to learn from, this pioneering movement. Acknowledging mental health survivors as a population under continuous repression, and recognizing the various benefits of activism and of attempts at resistance, the current study endeavors to promote understanding of the process involved in mental health survivors’ transition from service consumers to activists. To approach this aim, the Present study explored the personal journey of ten Israeli mental health survivors-turned-activists. The findings describe difficult and crushing encounters with the mental health system. Participants describe a process of continuous experiences of dehumanization and humiliation leading survivors to the understanding that the system will not meet their needs and wants, but rather that they must develop their own voice, conceptions, and ways of coping. This understanding stands as a basis for a new look at one’s need and wants, which is manifested as developing more efficient and autonomous ways of coping, including through as social activism. The findings and discussion stress the challenges facing the professional community to confront the harsh and disturbing testimonies provided by mental health Survivors, and call upon professionals, both practitioners and researchers, to search for ways to cooperate with these novel attempts at change.
摘要由前任和现任心理健康服务消费者转变为活动家的心理健康幸存者运动是心理健康领域最有希望的创新和颠覆现象之一(来源,年)。尽管关于这场运动的学术写作正在慢慢积累,但我们还需要更多的实证和理论工作来进一步理解这场开创性的运动,并从中学习。目前的研究承认心理健康幸存者是一个受到持续压迫的群体,并认识到激进主义和抵抗尝试的各种好处,努力促进对心理健康幸存者从服务消费者转变为激进主义者过程的理解。为了实现这一目标,本研究探讨了十名以色列心理健康幸存者转变为活动家的个人历程。这些发现描述了与心理健康系统的艰难和令人崩溃的遭遇。参与者描述了一个持续经历非人化和羞辱的过程,这让幸存者明白,这个系统不会满足他们的需求和愿望,而是他们必须发展自己的声音、观念和应对方式。这种理解是重新审视一个人的需求和愿望的基础,表现为发展更有效和自主的应对方式,包括通过社会行动主义。调查结果和讨论强调了专业界在面对心理健康幸存者提供的严厉和令人不安的证词方面面临的挑战,并呼吁专业人士,包括从业者和研究人员,寻找与这些新颖的变革尝试合作的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Sex Trafficking of Black Girls: A Critical Race Theory Approach to Practice 黑人女孩的性交易:一种批判种族理论的实践方法
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2021-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2021.1987755
Monique Constance-Huggins, Shaneé Moore, ZaDonna M. Slay
ABSTRACT Child sex trafficking is a troubling, yet hidden, social problem in the United States. Black girls are particularly vulnerable given the intersection of their race and gender as they navigate biological, psychological, and social vulnerabilities. Yet, little light is shed on their experiences, and consequently, strategies to practice with them are lacking. To resist the universal focus on sex trafficking, and to develop targeted approaches to address marginalized groups, such as Black girls, it is imperative to embrace critical, non-exclusionary, and non-oppressive perspectives. This paper introduces critical race theory (CRT) and employs some of its tenets to explain the oppression that Black girls face. Finally, it provides practice strategies, grounded in CRT, to meet the unique challenges of Black girls thereby advancing social work practice in an increasingly racialized context.
在美国,儿童性交易是一个令人不安而又隐蔽的社会问题。考虑到黑人女孩的种族和性别的交集,她们在生理、心理和社会脆弱性方面尤为脆弱。然而,对他们的经验知之甚少,因此,缺乏与他们一起练习的策略。为了抵制对性交易的普遍关注,并制定有针对性的方法来解决黑人女孩等边缘化群体的问题,必须接受批判性、非排斥性和非压迫性的观点。本文介绍了批判种族理论(CRT),并运用它的一些原则来解释黑人女孩所面临的压迫。最后,它提供了实践策略,以CRT为基础,以满足黑人女孩的独特挑战,从而在日益种族化的背景下推进社会工作实践。
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引用次数: 1
Insights from the shelter: Homeless shelter workers’ perceptions of homelessness and working with the homeless 收容所的见解:无家可归的收容所工作人员对无家可归的看法以及与无家可归者合作
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/10428232.2021.1969719
Y. Paat, Jessica Morales, Aaron Escajeda, Ray Tullius
ABSTRACT Using in-depth face-to-face interviews, this study explored 34 homeless shelter workers’ perceptions of homelessness and working with the homeless. We asked the following questions: 1) What were the barriers that homeless shelter residents faced in combating homelessness, from the perspective of the homeless shelter workers? 2) What were the challenges that homeless shelter workers encountered in working with this at-risk population? Our findings shared the realities that the homeless population faced from the lens of shelter workers with different job responsibilities (ranging from customer service workers to case managers, program directors/coordinators, and shelter administrators). Overall, we found that working with the homeless community could present a challenge for shelter workers given the limited availability of funding, discrepancies in agreement of solutions, the lack of qualified helping professionals, the limits of service coordination, preconceived judgment/prejudice from the public, and a series of obstacles that the homeless population faces including barriers to accessing services, employability, personal hardship, and social stigma.
摘要:本研究采用深度面对面访谈的方法,探讨了34名无家可归者收容所工作人员对无家可归者和与无家可归者一起工作的看法。我们提出了以下问题:1)从无家可归的收容所工作人员的角度来看,无家可归的收容所居民在与无家可归作斗争时面临的障碍是什么?2)无家可归的收容所工作人员在处理这些高危人群时遇到了哪些挑战?我们的研究结果从不同工作职责的收容所工作人员(从客户服务人员到个案管理人员、项目主管/协调员和收容所管理员)的角度分享了无家可归者面临的现实。总的来说,我们发现,由于资金有限,解决方案不一致,缺乏合格的帮助专业人员,服务协调的限制,公众先入为主的判断/偏见,以及无家可归者面临的一系列障碍,包括获得服务的障碍,就业能力,个人困难和社会耻辱,与无家可归者社区合作可能会给收容所工作人员带来挑战。
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引用次数: 5
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Journal of Progressive Human Services
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