Health Psychology Report最新文献

Non-adherence to insulin treatment is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the socio-cognitive determinants (SCDs) of adherence in AYAs with T1D are less frequently represented in systematic reviews. This systematic review aimed to investigate the key SCDs associated with adherence/non-adherence to insulin treatment in AYAs in the age range of 17-24 years with T1D. A systematic review in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted. The search took place from 2021, to January 1st, 2022, and was repeated on June 5-7, 2022 and from July 18 to July 24, 2023. The methodological quality of studies was assessed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Six articles representing 973 AYAs with T1D were included for data extraction. The identified SCDs included risk perceptions, attitude, family and friends' social support, self-efficacy, and information factors. However, there was inconsistency in correlational findings among studies. The identified SCDs influencing insulin adherence in AYAs with T1D could serve as targets for patients' consultations and tailored interventions to improve adherence and overall health outcomes, as well as for policymakers to integrate these interventions into diabetes care planning. However, further research in the area of factors affecting insulin adherence in quality-designed studies that use detailed and comprehensive measures for assessing adherence is needed.

Background: Sudeck's syndrome is a chronic and painful disease that affects a significant number of people. Despite this, it is a disease little researched in general and even less in the field of the psychology of religion. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between religiosity and emotions in patients with Sudeck's syndrome.

Participants and procedure: The sample consisted of 80 people with Sudeck's syndrome, 92.5% of whom were women. The average age of the participants was 41.8 years, with a range of 23 to 60 years. Participants came from fourteen different countries in the Americas and Europe, including Spain (36.3%), Argentina (20%) and Peru (15%). A clinical and sociodemographic data sheet was used, as well as questions aimed at assessing the emotional state of the participants.

Results: The results indicate that patients experienced a significant increase in anxiety and sadness after the diagnosis of the disease, while optimism and energy decreased significantly. On the other hand, no differences were found in positive or negative emotions in believing or non-believing patients.

Conclusions: The data suggest that the diagnosis of Sudeck's syndrome has a negative impact on the emotional health of individuals and that this is independent of whether the patient is a believer or non-believer. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.

Background: The aging of societies highlights the importance of understanding the lives of the elderly. Researchers are interested in identifying factors of psychological well-being associated with age as it is crucial to find out what contributes to a fulfilling life of older people. However, the relationship of psychological well-being with adaptive and maladaptive functioning remains ambiguous. This study aimed to assess this relationship among older adults.

Participants and procedure: The study involved 332 individuals aged 60 to 97, with an average age of 71.93 years, of whom 36.4% were male. A nationally representative sample of older adults was obtained using multistage stratified sampling. The short supplementary scale of the Lithuanian Psychological Well-Being Scale and Older Adult Self Report (OASR/60+) were used.

Results: The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that, even after controlling for other factors of psychological well-being, certain specific problems - namely anxiety/depression, thought problems, and irritability/disinhibition - were significant predictors of psychological well-being.

Conclusions: Our study underscores the importance of targeting specific maladaptive behaviors, such as anxiety, thought problems, and irritability when developing interventions for the elderly. Addressing these issues may enhance their psychological well-being and contribute to successful aging.

Background: Human life expectancy should rise with a focus on enhancing quality of life, encompassing aspects such as physical activity, sexuality, and self-acceptance, which significantly affect satisfaction and relationships. This study examined how life satisfaction, physical activity, and self-esteem related to sexual attractiveness in seniors contribute to their overall quality of life, especially concerning self-worth and relationships.

Participants and procedure: A total of 99 individuals, composed of 75 women and 24 men aged between 60 and 81, participated in the additional offer from the University of the Third Age. These respondents were all part of the study. The Satisfaction with Life Scale, self-assessment in terms of sexual attractiveness and a scale of physical activity level created for the study were used. The participants completed the questionnaires before the classes from the expanded offer of the Gdansk University of the Third Age.

Results: The highest correlation was observed between the level of physical activity and satisfaction with life. The study also showed a significant correlation between the self-assessment of sexual attractiveness and life satisfaction, and between the level of physical activity and the self-assessment of sexual attractiveness. Additionally, the results indicate a significantly higher level of self-esteem in terms of sexual attractiveness in men compared to women.

Conclusions: The study emphasizes the role of positive self-perception, notably in sexual attractiveness, and higher physical activity levels in predicting life satisfaction, while differences in self-esteem between genders suggest a need for more exploration and societal education, particularly among older generations.

Background: Based on the person-environment fit model, we examined how occupational stress and job satisfaction are correlated with an intention to leave the current workplace or profession and life satisfaction in two groups of midwives with low and high experience.

Participants and procedure: Data were collected between March and December 2022 using a set of psychological questionnaires. Low-experienced midwives (n = 152) and high-experienced midwives (n = 174) participated in the study. Multigroup path analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: Research has shown that midwives of varying levels of seniority experience similar levels of general occupational stress, job satisfaction, intentions to leave their current workplace or profession, and life satisfaction. The study found a negative correlation between occupational stress and job satisfaction and life satisfaction in both groups. The correlation between job satisfaction and the intention to leave the current workplace or profession was significantly negative only among low-experienced midwives. In high-experienced midwives, the relationship between stress and the intention to leave the current workplace or profession was direct. In the group of low-experienced midwives, links between occupational stress and all outcome variables were completely mediated by job satisfaction.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that degree of person-environment fit accurately predicts the positive and negative consequences of working conditions for behavior both at work and outside of work. The correlations between stress at work, thoughts of leaving work, and the assessment of well-being differ between low- and high-experienced employees.

Background: Sense of coherence (SoC), a key concept in the theory of salutogenesis, influences the pathway to promote or maintain health. Utilising psycho-oncological care (PC) can be allocated to the dimension of 'tension management' within this theory. We aimed to evaluate tension management and SoC in the context of PC by analysing whether PC consultations and therapeutic alliance influenced patients' SoC over time.

Participants and procedure: Patients who received PC were surveyed twice (after 3 and 12 months) about their care experiences, including therapeutic alliance and SoC. Survey data were matched to care documentation data, which contain consultation dates and sociodemographics. Four stepwise regression analyses were conducted with overall SoC and its subscales of meaningfulness, comprehensibility and manageability at T2 as outcome variables. The predictors are therapeutic alliance and the number of consultations (T1).

Results: One hundred patients filled out all three SoC subscales at T1 and T2 and were treated by a psycho-oncologist. Therapeutic bond predicted the change in overall SoC (β = .34, t = 2.26, p = .026) and manageability (β = .47, t =3.02, p = .003). The number of consultations predicted overall SoC (β = .16, t = 2.05, p = .043), meaningfulness (β = .21, t = 2.51, p = .014) and manageability (β = .17, t = 2.07, p = .041).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that part of successful tension management in PC is a good therapeutic bond and the number of needs-oriented consultations utilised. These predictors affect SoC subdimensions differently.

Background: Grit is essential to favour perseverance and passion to achieve long-term goals. Our study aimed to explore the features of individual aspects of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) as personal attributes.

Participants and procedure: Participants numbered 159, were in the age range 18-35, and 54.1% were female. A structured web-based interview was conducted using a dedicated online form.

Results: We investigated the self-perception of NEET regarding the learning and practical abilities. NEET were found to be confident in practical activities. The working interest of NEET seemed to be very high for public employment, but not smart working.

Conclusions: NEET youth needs to be more involved in a developmental perspective to discover their own cognitive and behavioural abilities in order to be confident and focused on achieving personal growth in social engagement and the labour market.

Background: Preterm birth contributes to adverse mental health outcomes of parents dealing with a premature neonate. The main objective of this study is to determine whether music therapy (MT) songwriting during the infants' stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is superior to standard care in reducing the risk of postpartum depression in high-risk parents of preterm children throughout the hospital treatment. The secondary objectives include assessment of effectiveness of MT in other aspects of mental health (anxiety level, perceived stress, mental wellbeing, coping, resilience). Furthermore, this trial will evaluate the medical and social factors that may be associated with the effects of MT songwriting.

Participants and procedure: The study design is a sequential mixed method study with a dominant status QUAN to qual. The quantitative trial was designed as a parallel, multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial. The qualitative study is a descriptive phenomenological study that seeks to understand the lived experiences of participants exposed to songwriting. Participants are parents of premature infants hospitalized in NICU (106 families) in 5 hospitals, in Colombia and Poland. Intervention: 3 MT songwriting sessions per week across 3 weeks. Primary outcome: the risk of postnatal depression; secondary outcomes: anxiety level, mental wellbeing, resilience, stress, coping.

Results: The results will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Conclusions: This study will provide a report on the effectiveness of MT songwriting on mental health in at-risk parents of preterm infants.

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) has been associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which has been linked to psychological variables such as anxiety, depression, coping, and social support. This study aimed to simultaneously analyse the association of these variables with HRQoL in FM patients and explore their mediating role in the relationship between somatic symptoms and HRQoL.

Participants and procedure: A cross-sectional sample of 134 FM patients (97% women) with no other rheumatologic diseases followed in specialized healthcare services completed self-report questionnaires to evaluate pain, fatigue, sleep, anxiety, depression, coping, social support, and HRQoL.

Results: The results indicated that FM patients experienced a negative impact on all dimensions of HRQoL, with anxiety primarily affecting the mental dimensions, and depression and social support affecting both physical and mental dimensions. Anxiety, depression, dysfunctional coping, and low social support were independent predictors of HRQoL and mediated the effect of somatic symptoms in the mental component of HRQoL.

Conclusions: FM patients experience a negative impact on HRQoL, and anxiety, depression, coping and social support play an important role as independent predictors of this decrease, and as mediators of the effect of somatic symptoms in the mental dimensions of HRQoL. This underscores the importance of considering these psychological variables in the therapeutic approach to FM and suggests the need for interventions targeting anxiety, depression, dysfunctional coping, and low social support to improve HRQoL in FM patients.

Background: Despite intelligence being generally related to better mental health, individuals with extremely high levels of intelligence (also often referred to as gifted) are frequently viewed to be socially maladjusted, emotionally unstable, and eccentric. Although this view has existed for decades, the scientific data on this subject are highly inconsistent and suffer from several methodological limitations.

Participants and procedure: In this study, to test whether the relationship between general intelligence and general mental health is nonlinear in such a way that at extreme values of intelligence the relationship turns from positive to negative the data from eight waves of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) were used (N range from 2,870 to 7,984), with intelligence being assessed at age 10, and mental health being assessed with several different measures at ages 16, 26, 30, 34, 42, 46 and 50. Quadratic regression, as well as spline regression, which divides the dataset into intervals, creates a separate regression for each interval and then smooths out the breakpoints, was used for analyses.

Results: The results showed that the nonlinear models generally fit the data better than the corresponding linear models.

Conclusions: At high values of intelligence, individuals might begin to experience unique issues affecting their mental health, despite their mental health being at potentially the same or higher level than those with average intelligence. Intellectually gifted individuals have a large potential to have a positive impact on the functioning of the whole society. Recognizing and understanding their problems may prove to be of great importance.