results The results indicated a significant and positive link among subjective happiness, coping humor, belongingness, and forgiveness. In addition, serial mediation analysis revealed that coping humor was associated with higher belongingness, which was associated with increased forgiveness, which were then associated with more subjective happiness. Therefore, coping humor was indirectly associated with more subjective happiness via belongingness and forgiveness, in a serial fashion.
{"title":"Exploring the relationship between coping humor and subjective happiness:belongingness and forgiveness as serial mediators","authors":"B. Satici","doi":"10.5114/hpr.2020.97329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2020.97329","url":null,"abstract":"results The results indicated a significant and positive link among subjective happiness, coping humor, belongingness, and forgiveness. In addition, serial mediation analysis revealed that coping humor was associated with higher belongingness, which was associated with increased forgiveness, which were then associated with more subjective happiness. Therefore, coping humor was indirectly associated with more subjective happiness via belongingness and forgiveness, in a serial fashion.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"6 1","pages":"228-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80079640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health professionals have increasing concern about physical health and wellbeing, as life globally becomes more demanding and stressful, yet people are less active, due to mechanization and automation of work and leisure. Increasing the amount of physical activity (PA) people do is now recognized as a global health priority, but PA continues to decline in many countries. Research on motives for participating in PA shows they have a role in PA promotion. We review theory and research on motives for participation in PA. Then, we describe development and validation of the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS), a 40-item measure that includes eight motives. We report on the international validation of PALMS, showing its robustness to variations in language and culture. We describe the development of a youth version, PALMS-Y, and a broader version that adds motives related to extreme sports. Next, we discuss PALMS research that has examined differences in primary motives based on gender, age, and type of PA, as well as factorial structure invariance. We then consider studies investigating the influence of psychological variables on the relationship between motives for participation in PA and the amount of PA individuals undertake, including self-efficacy, mindfulness, and passion. To aid in the consistent presentation of PA participation motives, we describe a form of motivational profiling for use in research and practice. Finally, we propose ways that motives for participation in PA can be used in interventions to increase PA participation, by matching individuals’ primary motives to the type of PA associated with those motives in large PA samples, or using techniques, such as imagery, to enhance key motives. This should achieve the aim of enhancing health and psychological wellbeing around the world.
{"title":"Physical activity for health and wellbeing: the role of motives for participation","authors":"T. Morris, Dev Roychowdhury","doi":"10.5114/hpr.2020.100111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2020.100111","url":null,"abstract":"Health professionals have increasing concern about physical health and wellbeing, as life globally becomes more demanding and stressful, yet people are less active, due to mechanization and automation of work and leisure. Increasing the amount of physical activity (PA) people do is now recognized as a global health priority, but PA continues to decline in many countries. Research on motives for participating in PA shows they have a role in PA promotion. We review theory and research on motives for participation in PA. Then, we describe development and validation of the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS), a 40-item measure that includes eight motives. We report on the international validation of PALMS, showing its robustness to variations in language and culture. We describe the development of a youth version, PALMS-Y, and a broader version that adds motives related to extreme sports. Next, we discuss PALMS research that has examined differences in primary motives based on gender, age, and type of PA, as well as factorial structure invariance. We then consider studies investigating the influence of psychological variables on the relationship between motives for participation in PA and the amount of PA individuals undertake, including self-efficacy, mindfulness, and passion. To aid in the consistent presentation of PA participation motives, we describe a form of motivational profiling for use in research and practice. Finally, we propose ways that motives for participation in PA can be used in interventions to increase PA participation, by matching individuals’ primary motives to the type of PA associated with those motives in large PA samples, or using techniques, such as imagery, to enhance key motives. This should achieve the aim of enhancing health and psychological wellbeing around the world.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"17 1","pages":"391-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82091701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined how school factors such as school violence, academic problems, problems with teachers, and discipline problems influence the risk of emotional disorders in middle school students.Our sample included 1085 middle school students, whose age ranges from 11 to 14, from Hanoi, which is a major city, and Backan, which is a rural area. Measurements included: 1) an emotional disorder scale (EDS) that was developed by the authors and 2) a self-report questionnaire using a Likert scale about relevant school factors, including school violence, academic problems, problems with teachers, and discipline problems. We developed the EDS based on the stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms specified in the DSM-5 and the Conners Emotional Disorder Subscale that included somatic, affective, cognitive, and behavioral symptom manifestations.The results showed that school factors were significantly correlated with emotional disorder risk in middle school students. School violence, academic problems, and problems with teachers could predict 39.6% of emotional disorder risk in middle school students, among which academic problems have the strongest effect and could best predict emotional disorder risk. These results suggest that future research should scrutinize ac-ademic pressure that middle school students face in order to develop emotional disorder prevention programs that help students.School factors, especially academic problems, had a negative influence on students. We suggest that educa-tors should consider reducing the academic challenge and workload for prevention of emotional disorder risk in middle school students. Additionally, it is necessary to develop a curriculum that meets the cognitive and cultural needs of students from rural areas.
{"title":"Influence of school factors on emotional disorder risk in Vietnamese middle school students","authors":"Hang Nguyen, N. Nguỹên","doi":"10.5114/HPR.2019.88664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HPR.2019.88664","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how school factors such as school violence, academic problems, problems with teachers, and discipline problems influence the risk of emotional disorders in middle school students.Our sample included 1085 middle school students, whose age ranges from 11 to 14, from Hanoi, which is a major city, and Backan, which is a rural area. Measurements included: 1) an emotional disorder scale (EDS) that was developed by the authors and 2) a self-report questionnaire using a Likert scale about relevant school factors, including school violence, academic problems, problems with teachers, and discipline problems. We developed the EDS based on the stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms specified in the DSM-5 and the Conners Emotional Disorder Subscale that included somatic, affective, cognitive, and behavioral symptom manifestations.The results showed that school factors were significantly correlated with emotional disorder risk in middle school students. School violence, academic problems, and problems with teachers could predict 39.6% of emotional disorder risk in middle school students, among which academic problems have the strongest effect and could best predict emotional disorder risk. These results suggest that future research should scrutinize ac-ademic pressure that middle school students face in order to develop emotional disorder prevention programs that help students.School factors, especially academic problems, had a negative influence on students. We suggest that educa-tors should consider reducing the academic challenge and workload for prevention of emotional disorder risk in middle school students. Additionally, it is necessary to develop a curriculum that meets the cognitive and cultural needs of students from rural areas.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83086902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
background Pain is common in most diseases and is usually treated by medical and physical approaches (medications, exercise). Limited attention has been given to whether non-medical approaches (such as emotion regulation abilities including self-compassion) can help further reduce the pain experienced. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), a painful and complex autoimmune connective tissue and vascular disease, was examined in this study in relation to psychological aspects of pain and the links of pain to (1) early life experiences, (2) current insecure attachment style, (3) physiological arousal (negative, hyper-arousal), and (4) personal emotion regulation (self-compassion). Knowledge about these relationships may help in the treatment of pain.
{"title":"Pain in relation to emotion regulatory resources and self-compassion: a non-randomized correlational study involving recollected early childhood experiences and insecure attachment","authors":"R. Hicks, K. Kearney","doi":"10.5114/HPR.2019.83384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HPR.2019.83384","url":null,"abstract":"background Pain is common in most diseases and is usually treated by medical and physical approaches (medications, exercise). Limited attention has been given to whether non-medical approaches (such as emotion regulation abilities including self-compassion) can help further reduce the pain experienced. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), a painful and complex autoimmune connective tissue and vascular disease, was examined in this study in relation to psychological aspects of pain and the links of pain to (1) early life experiences, (2) current insecure attachment style, (3) physiological arousal (negative, hyper-arousal), and (4) personal emotion regulation (self-compassion). Knowledge about these relationships may help in the treatment of pain.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91296907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jolanta A Starosta, Bernadetta Izydorczyk, Sebastian Lizińczyk
background The study focuses on psychological conditions of the phenomenon of binge-watching. The aim of the article was to characterize the frequency and motivation to perform binge-watching in a group of young adults. Another goal of the research was to present the results of preliminary adaptation works on two scales that were previously nonexistent in Polish literature, which may be used to study binge-watching.
{"title":"Characteristics of people’s binge-watching behavior in the “entering into early adulthood” period of life","authors":"Jolanta A Starosta, Bernadetta Izydorczyk, Sebastian Lizińczyk","doi":"10.5114/HPR.2019.83025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HPR.2019.83025","url":null,"abstract":"background The study focuses on psychological conditions of the phenomenon of binge-watching. The aim of the article was to characterize the frequency and motivation to perform binge-watching in a group of young adults. Another goal of the research was to present the results of preliminary adaptation works on two scales that were previously nonexistent in Polish literature, which may be used to study binge-watching.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"300 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75661058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
participants and procedure Eighty-six children selected from 192 dyslexic and nondyslexic children (mean age = 10.29 years) in Hong Kong and Leipzig were matched on intelligence by using the Culture Fair test (CFT 20) and age. The used reading and writing tests were language specific but scientifically similar. Four task sets with visual material (dot and line patterns) and auditory material (tone sequences) were adapted and randomly presented by a computer. Mean and maximum accuracy and speed parameters were measured. The hypotheses of dyslexia deficits and Chinese superiority in working memory performance on nonverbal material were examined. results The Cantonese speaking children were found to have a working memory advantage in the speed measure on all four task sets with visual and auditory stimulus presentation, and in the accuracy measure on the auditory tasks only. Dyslexia deficits were only found in the Chinese sample for the maximum performance parameters and one auditory task set. In the German sample, the dyslexia deficits were found to be more generalized in the auditory matching and reproduction task sets concerning mean and maximum accuracy and speed parameters.
{"title":"Working memory in Cantonese and German speaking dyslexic children","authors":"E. Witruk","doi":"10.5114/hpr.2019.88663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2019.88663","url":null,"abstract":"participants and procedure Eighty-six children selected from 192 dyslexic and nondyslexic children (mean age = 10.29 years) in Hong Kong and Leipzig were matched on intelligence by using the Culture Fair test (CFT 20) and age. The used reading and writing tests were language specific but scientifically similar. Four task sets with visual material (dot and line patterns) and auditory material (tone sequences) were adapted and randomly presented by a computer. Mean and maximum accuracy and speed parameters were measured. The hypotheses of dyslexia deficits and Chinese superiority in working memory performance on nonverbal material were examined. results The Cantonese speaking children were found to have a working memory advantage in the speed measure on all four task sets with visual and auditory stimulus presentation, and in the accuracy measure on the auditory tasks only. Dyslexia deficits were only found in the Chinese sample for the maximum performance parameters and one auditory task set. In the German sample, the dyslexia deficits were found to be more generalized in the auditory matching and reproduction task sets concerning mean and maximum accuracy and speed parameters.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82578201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. S. Bredal, T. Bonsaksen, T. Heir, L. Skogstad, A. Lerdal, T. Grimholt, Ø. Ekeberg
background Several studies have found that optimism is associated with better health. However, all those studies have investigated the subject in a specific context: gender, age group, diagnosis, situation, or population segment. Given the association found between optimism and physical health, mental health and well-being in previous studies, one would expect optimistic individuals in the general population to report fewer physical and mental health conditions during their lifetimes than pessimists. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis.
{"title":"Optimists report fewer physical and mental health conditions than pessimists in the general Norwegian population","authors":"I. S. Bredal, T. Bonsaksen, T. Heir, L. Skogstad, A. Lerdal, T. Grimholt, Ø. Ekeberg","doi":"10.5114/HPR.2019.81003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HPR.2019.81003","url":null,"abstract":"background Several studies have found that optimism is associated with better health. However, all those studies have investigated the subject in a specific context: gender, age group, diagnosis, situation, or population segment. Given the association found between optimism and physical health, mental health and well-being in previous studies, one would expect optimistic individuals in the general population to report fewer physical and mental health conditions during their lifetimes than pessimists. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"447 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77898101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
background The aim of our study was to compare free writing skills in English as a native language and a foreign language (in English and Polish students respectively). English and Polish have dissimilar orthographies in terms of grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules that is why we were curious to examine whether native and foreign speakers of English exhibit some similarities and/or differences in terms of writing and vocabulary, controlling the dyslexia factor at the same time.
{"title":"The analysis of free writing, vocabulary, \u0000and dyslexia in English as a native and foreign language (English vs. Polish students)","authors":"Marta Łockiewicz, Martyna Jaskulska, A. Fawcett","doi":"10.5114/HPR.2019.83385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HPR.2019.83385","url":null,"abstract":"background The aim of our study was to compare free writing skills in English as a native language and a foreign language (in English and Polish students respectively). English and Polish have dissimilar orthographies in terms of grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules that is why we were curious to examine whether native and foreign speakers of English exhibit some similarities and/or differences in terms of writing and vocabulary, controlling the dyslexia factor at the same time.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74363590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An active placebo is a substance that produces side effects similar to an active ingredient while not producing the same intended therapeutic effect. The aim of this study is to review the literature on the hypothesis of the active placebo response as a mechanism of action of antidepressants. It was found that persons who expect the occurrence of side effects of a pure placebo taken under the guise of an antidepressant present a higher degree of depressive symptoms than persons who do not expect the occurrence of side effects. There are reasons to believe that the entirety or part of the difference in the effectiveness of antidepressants and placebo is due to the fact that participants of the clinical trials correctly guess which study group they have been assigned to.
{"title":"Twenty years after ‘Listening to Prozac but hearing placebo’. Do we hear placebo even louder?","authors":"W. Oronowicz-Jaśkowiak, P. Bąbel","doi":"10.5114/HPR.2019.83383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HPR.2019.83383","url":null,"abstract":"An active placebo is a substance that produces side effects similar to an active ingredient while not producing the same intended therapeutic effect. The aim of this study is to review the literature on the hypothesis of the active placebo response as a mechanism of action of antidepressants. It was found that persons who expect the occurrence of side effects of a pure placebo taken under the guise of an antidepressant present a higher degree of depressive symptoms than persons who do not expect the occurrence of side effects. There are reasons to believe that the entirety or part of the difference in the effectiveness of antidepressants and placebo is due to the fact that participants of the clinical trials correctly guess which study group they have been assigned to.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76264442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
participants and procedure We evaluated the psychometric properties and gender invariance of the MSPSS among Nigerian senior high school adolescents (N = 1335, Mage = 15.15). Other study measures completed were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The four models of the MSPSS described in the literature were compared with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The model with the best fit indices was examined for its internal consistency by calculating the MacDonald’s omega (ω) while criterion validity was examined through correlational analyses with other study measures. Measurement invariance in relation to gender was assessed with multigroup nested CFA. results Our results confirmed the original 3-factor structure of the MSPSS (Family, Significant others, and Friends). CFA showed that our data equivalently fitted the first (original first order 3-factor) and the fourth (second order 3-factor) MSPSS models. The reliability and criterion validity were satisfactory. Configural, metric and scalar measurement invariances in relation to genders were confirmed.
{"title":"Psychometric characteristics and measurement invariance across genders of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) among Nigerian adolescents","authors":"O. Aloba, T. Opakunle, Olakunle Ogunrinu","doi":"10.5114/HPR.2019.82629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HPR.2019.82629","url":null,"abstract":"participants and procedure We evaluated the psychometric properties and gender invariance of the MSPSS among Nigerian senior high school adolescents (N = 1335, Mage = 15.15). Other study measures completed were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The four models of the MSPSS described in the literature were compared with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The model with the best fit indices was examined for its internal consistency by calculating the MacDonald’s omega (ω) while criterion validity was examined through correlational analyses with other study measures. Measurement invariance in relation to gender was assessed with multigroup nested CFA. results Our results confirmed the original 3-factor structure of the MSPSS (Family, Significant others, and Friends). CFA showed that our data equivalently fitted the first (original first order 3-factor) and the fourth (second order 3-factor) MSPSS models. The reliability and criterion validity were satisfactory. Configural, metric and scalar measurement invariances in relation to genders were confirmed.","PeriodicalId":44293,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Report","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77767013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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