Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1545105
S. Galassi, N. Ruggieri, Letizia Dipasquale, G. Tempesta
ABSTRACT The Berber roof is a vernacular structure consisting of timber members, exploited for covering residential buildings or craft shops, characterized by a carpentry that was mostly developed in the Tangeri-Tétouan-Al Hoceima Region northern Morocco. The simplest structural scheme consists of sloping common rafters supported by a ridge beam and the peripheral walls in such a way as to form a double pitched roof. However, in the case of wider rooms, a variation to the scheme often occurs, aided by intermediate ‘supporting structures’, placed at a very limited spacing through the roof, built in such a way as to reduce the bending deflection of the ridge beam and the roof pitches. These supporting structures are composed of king post truss shaped timber members; nevertheless, both in the choice of the member cross sections and in the connection joints, they look absolutely like original constructions. The solutions adopted by the local master builders have been analysed and verified by using FEM models, that have highlighted criticalities and pointed out the reason why these structures are very deformed nowadays. Lastly, a reinforcing system compatible with the local resources and techniques, used to preserve the surveyed Berber structures, has been devised.
柏柏尔屋顶是一种由木材构件组成的本土结构，用于覆盖住宅建筑或工艺商店，其特点是主要在摩洛哥北部的tangeri - t touan- al Hoceima地区开发的木工。最简单的结构方案包括由屋梁和外围墙壁支撑的倾斜的普通椽子，以这种方式形成双斜屋顶。然而，在较宽的房间中，通常会出现方案的变化，通过中间的“支撑结构”进行辅助，通过屋顶放置在非常有限的间距上，以这种方式建造，以减少脊梁和屋顶坡度的弯曲挠度。这些支撑结构由国王柱桁架形木材构件组成;然而，无论是在构件截面的选择还是在连接节点上，它们看起来都完全像原来的结构。用有限元模型分析和验证了当地主建筑商采用的解决方案，突出了这些结构的关键，并指出了目前这些结构变形严重的原因。最后，设计了一个与当地资源和技术相适应的加固系统，用于保护已调查的柏柏尔结构。
{"title":"Assessment of the Moroccan vernacular timber roof: a proposal for an eco-friendly strengthening system","authors":"S. Galassi, N. Ruggieri, Letizia Dipasquale, G. Tempesta","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1545105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1545105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Berber roof is a vernacular structure consisting of timber members, exploited for covering residential buildings or craft shops, characterized by a carpentry that was mostly developed in the Tangeri-Tétouan-Al Hoceima Region northern Morocco. The simplest structural scheme consists of sloping common rafters supported by a ridge beam and the peripheral walls in such a way as to form a double pitched roof. However, in the case of wider rooms, a variation to the scheme often occurs, aided by intermediate ‘supporting structures’, placed at a very limited spacing through the roof, built in such a way as to reduce the bending deflection of the ridge beam and the roof pitches. These supporting structures are composed of king post truss shaped timber members; nevertheless, both in the choice of the member cross sections and in the connection joints, they look absolutely like original constructions. The solutions adopted by the local master builders have been analysed and verified by using FEM models, that have highlighted criticalities and pointed out the reason why these structures are very deformed nowadays. Lastly, a reinforcing system compatible with the local resources and techniques, used to preserve the surveyed Berber structures, has been devised.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"224 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1545105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1537028
S. Mahdizadeh, Reyhaneh S. Shojaei
ABSTRACT After years of neglect, along with the rise of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925, Western Orientalist and Iranian enlightened thinkers provided a forum to proliferate the discourse on cultural heritage. During the Pahlavi epoch (1925–1979), Western archaeologists and architects were closely involved in cultural heritage affairs, which effectively manipulated the concept of Iranian nationalism, particularly by focusing on the pre-Islamic heritage. Despite the underlying role of the Western Orientalists in the conservation of architectural heritage, it has not been scrutinised yet, and a few publications merely studied their cooperation from an archaeological and architectural perspective. Employing an interpretive-historical research method using significant primary sources this paper examines the role and involvement of four key figures, namely Ernst Herzfeld, André Godard, Arthur Upham Pope, and Maxime Siroux, in the restoration projects that has simply slipped into neglect after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Drawing upon the under-researched and unpublished primary materials such as government letters and memoirs, this paper elucidates the involvement of Western Orientalists in conservation and/or destruction of cultural heritage in Twentieth-Century Iran.
{"title":"The involvement of Western Orientalists in cultural heritage affairs during the Pahlavi Era, Iran (1925–1979)","authors":"S. Mahdizadeh, Reyhaneh S. Shojaei","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1537028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1537028","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After years of neglect, along with the rise of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925, Western Orientalist and Iranian enlightened thinkers provided a forum to proliferate the discourse on cultural heritage. During the Pahlavi epoch (1925–1979), Western archaeologists and architects were closely involved in cultural heritage affairs, which effectively manipulated the concept of Iranian nationalism, particularly by focusing on the pre-Islamic heritage. Despite the underlying role of the Western Orientalists in the conservation of architectural heritage, it has not been scrutinised yet, and a few publications merely studied their cooperation from an archaeological and architectural perspective. Employing an interpretive-historical research method using significant primary sources this paper examines the role and involvement of four key figures, namely Ernst Herzfeld, André Godard, Arthur Upham Pope, and Maxime Siroux, in the restoration projects that has simply slipped into neglect after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Drawing upon the under-researched and unpublished primary materials such as government letters and memoirs, this paper elucidates the involvement of Western Orientalists in conservation and/or destruction of cultural heritage in Twentieth-Century Iran.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"169 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1537028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42532066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1491136
Shibing Dai
ABSTRACT Historic lime mortars found in the masonry or architectural ruins before Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) show thicker bedding, higher strength, which may be related to the lime slaked by wind described by literature published before Qing Dynasty. The literature recorded that there existed two ways to slake lime: wind slaked and water slaked, which would have caused different properties. In order to assess the building lime properties slaked by wind, the quicklime produced by a lime manufacturer using traditional kiln techniques was collected, and then slaked by wind, mist spray and wet. The mineralogical studies show the calcium silicates like belite have been found both in quicklime and limes slaked by wind and mist. But no calcium silicates have been identified in the wet slaked lime. The lime slaked by wind has got higher strength, its compressive strength can reach 1.5 Mpa in 28 days stored in the indoor air climate, while it needs much shorter setting time. The preliminary results show that the performance of lime slaked by wind is similar to NHL2 classified by EN-459, if the quick lime is kilned from limestone with impurities. The wind slaked lime with higher strength and shorter setting time might have contributed to the magnificent constructions before Qing Dynasty in China. Both the literature and built heritage before the Qing Dynasty should be studied further. More comprehensive researches on wind slaking are needed in China in order to revitalise this traditional lime use combined with ancient wisdom for the economic conservation of built heritage in China.
{"title":"Preliminary study on wind slaked lime used before Qing Dynasty in China","authors":"Shibing Dai","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1491136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1491136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historic lime mortars found in the masonry or architectural ruins before Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) show thicker bedding, higher strength, which may be related to the lime slaked by wind described by literature published before Qing Dynasty. The literature recorded that there existed two ways to slake lime: wind slaked and water slaked, which would have caused different properties. In order to assess the building lime properties slaked by wind, the quicklime produced by a lime manufacturer using traditional kiln techniques was collected, and then slaked by wind, mist spray and wet. The mineralogical studies show the calcium silicates like belite have been found both in quicklime and limes slaked by wind and mist. But no calcium silicates have been identified in the wet slaked lime. The lime slaked by wind has got higher strength, its compressive strength can reach 1.5 Mpa in 28 days stored in the indoor air climate, while it needs much shorter setting time. The preliminary results show that the performance of lime slaked by wind is similar to NHL2 classified by EN-459, if the quick lime is kilned from limestone with impurities. The wind slaked lime with higher strength and shorter setting time might have contributed to the magnificent constructions before Qing Dynasty in China. Both the literature and built heritage before the Qing Dynasty should be studied further. More comprehensive researches on wind slaking are needed in China in order to revitalise this traditional lime use combined with ancient wisdom for the economic conservation of built heritage in China.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"104 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1491136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46688037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1493664
F. Berg, M. Fuglseth
ABSTRACT Refurbishment policies for the historic segment of the building stock must be carefully promoted in the process of addressing the transition to a low-emission society to avoid the loss of the values which make this heritage significant. This article presents and the results of a Norwegian life cycle assessment comparing the net climate benefits from the refurbishment of a residential building from the 1930s with the construction of a new building in accordance with modern building codes. The results show that a careful refurbishment of the historic building is favourable in a climate change mitigation perspective over a 60-year period of analysis. For the new building, it takes more than 50 years for the initial emissions from construction to be outweighed by the effects of lower in-use energy consumption. The results underline the significance of emissions from the use of materials in the refurbishment process and that residents play a critical part with respect to realising the expected energy savings. It is concluded that material use and user behaviour have a crucial impact on greenhouse gas emissions in a life cycle perspective and that the continued use of historic buildings should be advocated for in building codes and environmental policies.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment and historic buildings: energy-efficiency refurbishment versus new construction in Norway","authors":"F. Berg, M. Fuglseth","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1493664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1493664","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Refurbishment policies for the historic segment of the building stock must be carefully promoted in the process of addressing the transition to a low-emission society to avoid the loss of the values which make this heritage significant. This article presents and the results of a Norwegian life cycle assessment comparing the net climate benefits from the refurbishment of a residential building from the 1930s with the construction of a new building in accordance with modern building codes. The results show that a careful refurbishment of the historic building is favourable in a climate change mitigation perspective over a 60-year period of analysis. For the new building, it takes more than 50 years for the initial emissions from construction to be outweighed by the effects of lower in-use energy consumption. The results underline the significance of emissions from the use of materials in the refurbishment process and that residents play a critical part with respect to realising the expected energy savings. It is concluded that material use and user behaviour have a crucial impact on greenhouse gas emissions in a life cycle perspective and that the continued use of historic buildings should be advocated for in building codes and environmental policies.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"152 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1493664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1483551
Hülya Yüceer, Beser Oktay Vehbi, Y. Hürol
ABSTRACT Naturally grown and still present in the rural areas of Cyprus, olives and the oil they produce have had a significant place for Cypriots. Since olive oil has been used widely for culinary, religious, and medical purposes throughout history, the methods of oil extraction have developed from being very basic in ancient times to the machinery production of today. Olive mills that house this activity became integral parts of villages where olive groves were dense. More recently the establishment of large factories rendered traditional olive mills redundant and the lack of maintenance of these has resulted in serious deterioration. This paper presents olive oil mills as witnesses of a traditional way of life and a significant feature of the rural landscapes of Cyprus, and aims to develop conservation proposals. It focuses on the olive oil mills in the villages of the Karpas region, which has largely maintained its rural character and houses dense olive groves. The architectural and structural characteristics of 18 olive oil mills with traditional machinery that are located in 14 villages are documented and analysed. The study identifies major building defects and presents conservation strategies to address 12 olive oil mills.
{"title":"The conservation of traditional olive oil mills in Cyprus","authors":"Hülya Yüceer, Beser Oktay Vehbi, Y. Hürol","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1483551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1483551","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Naturally grown and still present in the rural areas of Cyprus, olives and the oil they produce have had a significant place for Cypriots. Since olive oil has been used widely for culinary, religious, and medical purposes throughout history, the methods of oil extraction have developed from being very basic in ancient times to the machinery production of today. Olive mills that house this activity became integral parts of villages where olive groves were dense. More recently the establishment of large factories rendered traditional olive mills redundant and the lack of maintenance of these has resulted in serious deterioration. This paper presents olive oil mills as witnesses of a traditional way of life and a significant feature of the rural landscapes of Cyprus, and aims to develop conservation proposals. It focuses on the olive oil mills in the villages of the Karpas region, which has largely maintained its rural character and houses dense olive groves. The architectural and structural characteristics of 18 olive oil mills with traditional machinery that are located in 14 villages are documented and analysed. The study identifies major building defects and presents conservation strategies to address 12 olive oil mills.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"105 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1483551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1488203
M. Salman, Sana Malik, F. Tariq, Faiqa Khilat
ABSTRACT Heritage sites and buildings are of vital importance. Study of such heritage sites unfolds exciting information about the history of early civilizations and, most importantly, the architecture of that era. Like other South Asian countries, Pakistan is also rich with heritage sites and buildings. Unfortunately, these heritage sites and buildings have mostly been ignored by the concerning authorities. Recently, a conservation program named as the Royal Trail at Dehli Gate section of Walled City, Lahore was launched through the collaboration of the Punjab Government and the Agha Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), purpose of which was to revitalize the residential architecture and quality of social life of the Gali Surjan Singh by incorporating community participation for conducting the conservation in a sustainable manner. Primarily data has been collected through questionnaires and informal interviews of the residents. An in-depth comparison of the area before, during and after conservation is also included in the layout of conducted research. The aim is to study changes in the physical and social dimensions of the constructed environment of Gali Surjan, which resulted from the intervention of the conservation program. The documented pre- and post-conservation changes mark the significance of the study.
{"title":"Conservation analysis of Gali Surjan Singh: a study of architectural and social aspects","authors":"M. Salman, Sana Malik, F. Tariq, Faiqa Khilat","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1488203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1488203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Heritage sites and buildings are of vital importance. Study of such heritage sites unfolds exciting information about the history of early civilizations and, most importantly, the architecture of that era. Like other South Asian countries, Pakistan is also rich with heritage sites and buildings. Unfortunately, these heritage sites and buildings have mostly been ignored by the concerning authorities. Recently, a conservation program named as the Royal Trail at Dehli Gate section of Walled City, Lahore was launched through the collaboration of the Punjab Government and the Agha Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), purpose of which was to revitalize the residential architecture and quality of social life of the Gali Surjan Singh by incorporating community participation for conducting the conservation in a sustainable manner. Primarily data has been collected through questionnaires and informal interviews of the residents. An in-depth comparison of the area before, during and after conservation is also included in the layout of conducted research. The aim is to study changes in the physical and social dimensions of the constructed environment of Gali Surjan, which resulted from the intervention of the conservation program. The documented pre- and post-conservation changes mark the significance of the study.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"134 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1488203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45720383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1451264
R. Ward
ABSTRACT The Ffestiniog Railway’s drystone retaining walls have far exceeded the expected life of modern drystone structures. The on-site infrastructure team required confidence in the continued operation of the railway as an important feature of North Wales’s industrial history and as a tourist attraction. Due to the individual nature of the Ffestiniog’s walls, application of a standard structural appraisal method to all structures was not appropriate. Geometric surveys and material testing enabled a structural analysis to be completed using the Thrust Line software (designed by Chris Mundell and Paul McCombie), in order to highlight critical or likely failure modes for these complex structures. This stability check combined with site observation, awareness of contributing factors and the experience of site personnel allows a risk-based, tailored condition appraisal procedure to be developed for each of the Railway’s individual drystone walls. In the case of many historic loadbearing drystone structures, complex history, lack of construction records and inability to appraise condition beyond the visible wall face lead to intrusive repair or replacement with a modern alternative, often at significant cost to the asset owner. This piece of work proposed an alternative approach to understanding structural behaviour in order to avoid unnecessary intervention.
{"title":"Assessment of large drystone structures on the Ffestiniog Heritage Railway","authors":"R. Ward","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1451264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1451264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Ffestiniog Railway’s drystone retaining walls have far exceeded the expected life of modern drystone structures. The on-site infrastructure team required confidence in the continued operation of the railway as an important feature of North Wales’s industrial history and as a tourist attraction. Due to the individual nature of the Ffestiniog’s walls, application of a standard structural appraisal method to all structures was not appropriate. Geometric surveys and material testing enabled a structural analysis to be completed using the Thrust Line software (designed by Chris Mundell and Paul McCombie), in order to highlight critical or likely failure modes for these complex structures. This stability check combined with site observation, awareness of contributing factors and the experience of site personnel allows a risk-based, tailored condition appraisal procedure to be developed for each of the Railway’s individual drystone walls. In the case of many historic loadbearing drystone structures, complex history, lack of construction records and inability to appraise condition beyond the visible wall face lead to intrusive repair or replacement with a modern alternative, often at significant cost to the asset owner. This piece of work proposed an alternative approach to understanding structural behaviour in order to avoid unnecessary intervention.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"63 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1451264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-12DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663
M. Legnér
ABSTRACT Despite that large investments have been made by the European Union in restoring and preserving heritage damaged after the Kosovo War 1998–99, there have been no previous attempts to gain more in-depth knowledge about the implementation and success of the interventions. Organisations involved in funding and facilitating architectural interventions in post-conflict zones may have differing aims and agendas that influence selection and methods, and ultimately the results. This paper aims to shed light on a pioneering project carried out on damaged kullas, massive masonry towers connected to farmsteads, in Kosovo 2001–02. Kullas were systematically attacked and burned during the conflict. The methodology is based on interviews with involved people and on documentation that is publically available, since it is crucial to uncover the aims and agendas of involved actors if one wishes to understand how and why decisions were made. In the end, what was deemed most important in the process was not the reconstruction in itself, but rather the development of craftsmen's skills and the need to create a dialogue on the values of Kosovo heritage. The paper shows how the reconstruction of built heritage can facilitate processes of dialogue in conflict areas.
{"title":"Post-conflict reconstruction and the heritage process","authors":"M. Legnér","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite that large investments have been made by the European Union in restoring and preserving heritage damaged after the Kosovo War 1998–99, there have been no previous attempts to gain more in-depth knowledge about the implementation and success of the interventions. Organisations involved in funding and facilitating architectural interventions in post-conflict zones may have differing aims and agendas that influence selection and methods, and ultimately the results. This paper aims to shed light on a pioneering project carried out on damaged kullas, massive masonry towers connected to farmsteads, in Kosovo 2001–02. Kullas were systematically attacked and burned during the conflict. The methodology is based on interviews with involved people and on documentation that is publically available, since it is crucial to uncover the aims and agendas of involved actors if one wishes to understand how and why decisions were made. In the end, what was deemed most important in the process was not the reconstruction in itself, but rather the development of craftsmen's skills and the need to create a dialogue on the values of Kosovo heritage. The paper shows how the reconstruction of built heritage can facilitate processes of dialogue in conflict areas.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"78 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41772979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301
G. Leijonhufvud, T. Broström
ABSTRACT Standardization for indoor climate control in historic buildings has recently taken a new direction with standards and guidelines that focus more on decision processes than outcomes. The objective of the paper is to explore and discuss how standards can evolve to both fit and guide decision processes to facilitate a sustainable management of historic buildings. Interviews with engineers and heritage professionals in the Church of Sweden in combination with indoor climate monitoring were used to understand the technical and organizational context. The results show that the development of process standards solves some of the problems related to the conventional outcome-oriented approach by opening up for a wider set of solutions. However, available guidelines are difficult to apply and integrate in the existing management of churches. A stronger focus on strategic feedback and an increased use of local guidelines are suggested.
{"title":"Standardizing the indoor climate in historic buildings: opportunities, challenges and ways forward","authors":"G. Leijonhufvud, T. Broström","doi":"10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Standardization for indoor climate control in historic buildings has recently taken a new direction with standards and guidelines that focus more on decision processes than outcomes. The objective of the paper is to explore and discuss how standards can evolve to both fit and guide decision processes to facilitate a sustainable management of historic buildings. Interviews with engineers and heritage professionals in the Church of Sweden in combination with indoor climate monitoring were used to understand the technical and organizational context. The results show that the development of process standards solves some of the problems related to the conventional outcome-oriented approach by opening up for a wider set of solutions. However, available guidelines are difficult to apply and integrate in the existing management of churches. A stronger focus on strategic feedback and an increased use of local guidelines are suggested.","PeriodicalId":44303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Architectural Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"18 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13556207.2018.1447301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44176836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1456056
M. Bouw, S. Dubois, Y. Vanhellemont
Preventing dangerous climate change, and therefore reducing carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption of the building stock, is a key priority for the European Union. Initially, this was (mainly) directed towards new buildings, yet in the last years also historic buildings become more and more concerned. All of our built heritage, listed or not, is a witness of our past, our history and our constructive traditions. It adds significantly to the quality and charm of our built environment and therefore ensures the added value of European cities and countryside. It is clear that a sustainable society cannot be built without respect for its history, but it must also be anchored in the present and ensure its future use. Nevertheless, the energetic and comfort optimization of these buildings is not yet generally accepted and often is subjected to delicate discussions. Therefore, it is the duty of the present generation of experts to preserve our built heritage in a way it reflects and is adapted to the economic, societal, environmental, comfort, and energy context of today, while ensuring the absolute preservation of the heritage’s intrinsic values. This two-track policy is an absolute necessity: after all, it is common knowledge that uncomfortable and energy-consuming buildings are not likely to be used, accelerating their decay and finally condemning them to be lost completely for the future generations ... The above-mentioned formed the basis for the Belgian Building Research Institute to organize and host the Second International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Comfort of Historic Buildings (EECHB2016) in October 2016 in close collaboration with the public heritage institutes from Brussels, Flanders, and Wallonia. Whereas the papers at the conference ranged from assessment and monitoring, to regulations, management and training, as well as sustainable interventions, this special issue of the Journal of Architectural Conservation puts forward an extended version of four of these papers, illustrating different possibilities and showing the necessity of interaction between science and heritage in order to make our built heritage future proof. The first paper by G. Leijonhufvud and T. Broström shows how standardization in relation to historic buildings has taken a new direction during the last years. It emphasizes on how energy standards, focusing on decision processes, can solve some of the problems related to the conventional outcome-oriented approach of standards by opening up for a wider set of solutions. Thereafter, R. Kilian, S. Bichlmair, and M. Krus provide a technical paper, discussing new insights on how to optimize the heating system of historic houses. Being one of the most adopted alterations when improving the energy consumption and comfort of old buildings, the paper discusses four different suitable heating systems by an accurate onsite monitoring of them within the Alte Schäfflerei (Old Cooperage; 1760) of the Benediktbeuern M
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