Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1017/S0003581521000305
Elizabeth den Hartog
This article deals with the iconography of a unique fourteenth-century capital, situated near the one-time tomb of St John of Beverley in the nave of Beverley Minster, Yorkshire. The capital features two hybrid creatures, part animal, part human. Both creatures hold a severed bird’s claw. This article argues that these severed bird’s claws, resembling drinking vessels, are likely to be griffin claws. This interpretation allows for a reappraisal of the meaning of these figures and their use in the church.
{"title":"RAPTORS: ON THE ICONOGRAPHY OF AN ENIGMATIC CAPITAL IN THE NAVE OF BEVERLEY MINSTER","authors":"Elizabeth den Hartog","doi":"10.1017/S0003581521000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581521000305","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the iconography of a unique fourteenth-century capital, situated near the one-time tomb of St John of Beverley in the nave of Beverley Minster, Yorkshire. The capital features two hybrid creatures, part animal, part human. Both creatures hold a severed bird’s claw. This article argues that these severed bird’s claws, resembling drinking vessels, are likely to be griffin claws. This interpretation allows for a reappraisal of the meaning of these figures and their use in the church.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"188 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49089934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.1017/S0003581521000287
J. Crook
The Chapter of Winchester Cathedral, in conjunction with biological anthropologists and other specialists, are currently studying the contents of the cathedral’s well-known ‘mortuary chests’. It is clear that they contain the jumbled remains of many more people than the eleven kings and bishops named on the surviving chests, which date from c 1525 and the 1660s. In this paper the archaeological and documentary evidence for earlier arrangements for housing the cathedral’s royal and episcopal bones is examined, identifying up to twenty-five possible occupants of the chests. This will establish the context for the continuing analysis and identification of the skeletal material.
{"title":"MEDIEVAL ROYAL AND EPISCOPAL BURIALS IN WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL","authors":"J. Crook","doi":"10.1017/S0003581521000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581521000287","url":null,"abstract":"The Chapter of Winchester Cathedral, in conjunction with biological anthropologists and other specialists, are currently studying the contents of the cathedral’s well-known ‘mortuary chests’. It is clear that they contain the jumbled remains of many more people than the eleven kings and bishops named on the surviving chests, which date from c 1525 and the 1660s. In this paper the archaeological and documentary evidence for earlier arrangements for housing the cathedral’s royal and episcopal bones is examined, identifying up to twenty-five possible occupants of the chests. This will establish the context for the continuing analysis and identification of the skeletal material.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"134 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41617824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.1017/S0003581521000299
P. Harding, R. Barton
Researchers of museum collections owe a great debt of gratitude to those responsible for curating the collections; however, staff may frequently remain innocently unaware of significant contents within the accessions. Such is a group of flint artefacts in Salisbury Museum, Wiltshire, which were found in 1860 on the outskirts of the city. The collection was rediscovered during unrelated archaeological research and comprises a series of blades, which include refitting components, demonstrating that the artefacts came from undisturbed prehistoric contexts. The blade blanks had been removed from opposed platform cores, using careful core preparation and soft hammer percussion. These characteristics can be most closely paralleled by Upper Palaeolithic Federmesser industries in Europe, which date from the end of the Last Glaciation. The existence of the Upper Palaeolithic was unrecognised at the time the artefacts were found, since when two other contemporary sites have been identified in the River Avon valley as well as others across the country. The newly recognised addition extends the distribution of Upper Palaeolithic activity further up the River Avon valley to Salisbury, where five rivers congregate, providing a convenient point for further dispersal. The finding also mirrors patterns of occupation on well-drained terrace bluffs overlooking the floodplain. Research results have yielded significant data, 160 years after the collection’s discovery, expanding current knowledge of the Upper Palaeolithic in the River Avon valley and demonstrating the continued value and potential of collections in our museums.
{"title":"THE UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF CHURCHFIELDS, FISHERTON: 160 YEARS IN THE MAKING","authors":"P. Harding, R. Barton","doi":"10.1017/S0003581521000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581521000299","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers of museum collections owe a great debt of gratitude to those responsible for curating the collections; however, staff may frequently remain innocently unaware of significant contents within the accessions. Such is a group of flint artefacts in Salisbury Museum, Wiltshire, which were found in 1860 on the outskirts of the city. The collection was rediscovered during unrelated archaeological research and comprises a series of blades, which include refitting components, demonstrating that the artefacts came from undisturbed prehistoric contexts. The blade blanks had been removed from opposed platform cores, using careful core preparation and soft hammer percussion. These characteristics can be most closely paralleled by Upper Palaeolithic Federmesser industries in Europe, which date from the end of the Last Glaciation. The existence of the Upper Palaeolithic was unrecognised at the time the artefacts were found, since when two other contemporary sites have been identified in the River Avon valley as well as others across the country. The newly recognised addition extends the distribution of Upper Palaeolithic activity further up the River Avon valley to Salisbury, where five rivers congregate, providing a convenient point for further dispersal. The finding also mirrors patterns of occupation on well-drained terrace bluffs overlooking the floodplain. Research results have yielded significant data, 160 years after the collection’s discovery, expanding current knowledge of the Upper Palaeolithic in the River Avon valley and demonstrating the continued value and potential of collections in our museums.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.1017/S000358152100024X
J. Margham, D. Tomalin
This paper discusses the significance of a fragment of stone sculpture built into the north wall of the churchyard at Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight. The sculpture depicts an open right hand that is larger than life-sized and is probably of late Anglo-Saxon date. The size and character of the sculpture favours a manus dei (hand of God), forming the upper element of a large rood assemblage. The authors consider allied sculpture in which such a hand appears on Anglo-Saxon grave markers and in similar low relief depictions where Christ is figured on the Cross. At Carisbrooke, this architectural sculpture would have formed a significant feature of an Anglo-Saxon minster church that was rebuilt in the early Norman period. The siting of this building and the extent of its parochia is briefly considered. Supplementary material reviews the probable significance of the sculptural use of Quarr stone at Carisbrooke and elsewhere.
{"title":"THE CARISBROOKE HAND: ANGLO-SAXON SCULPTURE AND THE HAND OF GOD?","authors":"J. Margham, D. Tomalin","doi":"10.1017/S000358152100024X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000358152100024X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the significance of a fragment of stone sculpture built into the north wall of the churchyard at Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight. The sculpture depicts an open right hand that is larger than life-sized and is probably of late Anglo-Saxon date. The size and character of the sculpture favours a manus dei (hand of God), forming the upper element of a large rood assemblage. The authors consider allied sculpture in which such a hand appears on Anglo-Saxon grave markers and in similar low relief depictions where Christ is figured on the Cross. At Carisbrooke, this architectural sculpture would have formed a significant feature of an Anglo-Saxon minster church that was rebuilt in the early Norman period. The siting of this building and the extent of its parochia is briefly considered. Supplementary material reviews the probable significance of the sculptural use of Quarr stone at Carisbrooke and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"69 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46944778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.1017/S0003581521000172
J. Ayres
tant past by presbyters, not bishops. Ironically, the royal descent that Innes traced in archival sources back to the Pictish kings of the fifth century of the Common Era was about as bogus as the one he exploded, but at least his methodology was on the right track. The new textual scholarship also established the legitimacy of Robert III, whose alleged bastardy had been used to undermine the Stuarts’ claim of uninterrupted hereditary succession. There is much detail in The First Scottish Enlightenment, but the narrative is not overburdened by it and the author’s prose style is engaging. The book as a whole brings an important intellectual movement out of the shadows of previous neglect. It also reminds us that the story of English antiquaries (and Antiquaries) was not without parallels in Scotland and on the European continent.
{"title":"Irish Country Furniture and Furnishings 1700–2000. By Claudia Kinmonth. 240mm. Pp xxv + 547, 454 ills. Cork University Press, Cork, 2020. isbn 9781782054054. £35 (pbk).","authors":"J. Ayres","doi":"10.1017/S0003581521000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581521000172","url":null,"abstract":"tant past by presbyters, not bishops. Ironically, the royal descent that Innes traced in archival sources back to the Pictish kings of the fifth century of the Common Era was about as bogus as the one he exploded, but at least his methodology was on the right track. The new textual scholarship also established the legitimacy of Robert III, whose alleged bastardy had been used to undermine the Stuarts’ claim of uninterrupted hereditary succession. There is much detail in The First Scottish Enlightenment, but the narrative is not overburdened by it and the author’s prose style is engaging. The book as a whole brings an important intellectual movement out of the shadows of previous neglect. It also reminds us that the story of English antiquaries (and Antiquaries) was not without parallels in Scotland and on the European continent.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"455 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43197665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.1017/s0003581521000238
T. Malim
commercial savoir-faire. The matter of May’s socialism is covered in a chapter by Anna Mason; as an agitator she was earnest but no firebrand, and, despite her conspicuous good looks in youth, had no wish to become a poster-girl for the movement. There are some interesting anecdotes included, such as her encounter with a customs inspector on her arrival in New York to ‘spread the gospel of utilitarianism in art’: to her surprise, he is an admirer of her father and quotes one of his poems. May’s negotiations with the Victoria and Albert Museum over the publicity photographs for the Morris Centenary Exhibition in suggest at best a single-minded and controlling nature and at worst an Electra complex. As an account of May Morris’s activities and interests this book scores highly. It is beautifully illustrated with very well-reproduced plates and will be a valuable resource for researchers and Morris devotees keen to piece together the disparate roles that May adopted. The major relationships in her fascinating, eclectic life are outlined in black and white, but none is coloured by any depth of analysis. It is intriguing to learn that, on May’s marriage to Henry Sparling, her socialist colleagues gave her a set of Walter Scott’s novels with a bookplate designed by Walter Crane. Did May, who declared forthrightly during her lecture tour of the United States that ‘the costume of today is neither picturesque nor clever’, warm to those opulent descriptions of medieval dress and tapestry that grace the pages of such a book as Ivanhoe?
商业的处世之道。关于梅的社会主义问题，安娜·梅森(Anna Mason)在一章中有所论述;作为一个鼓动者，她是认真的，但不是煽动者，而且，尽管她年轻时长得很漂亮，但她并不希望成为这场运动的宣传女郎。书中还包括一些有趣的轶事，比如她在抵达纽约时遇到了一位海关检查员，目的是“在艺术中传播功利主义的福音”:令她惊讶的是，他是她父亲的崇拜者，并引用了他的一首诗。梅与维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆(Victoria and Albert Museum)就莫里斯百年展览()的宣传照片进行的谈判，往好了说，表明她是一个一心一意、控制欲强的人，往坏了说，表明她是一个伊莱克特拉情结。作为对梅·莫里斯的活动和兴趣的描述，这本书得分很高。它精美的插图和非常好的复制版，将是一个宝贵的资源，研究人员和莫里斯爱好者热衷于拼凑不同的角色，梅采用。在她迷人的、不拘一格的生活中，主要的人际关系都是用黑白两色勾勒出来的，但没有任何深入的分析。有趣的是，在梅与亨利·斯帕林的婚礼上，她的社会主义同事送给她一套沃尔特·斯科特的小说，书板是沃尔特·克兰设计的。梅在她的美国巡回演讲中直言不讳地宣称“今天的服装既不别致也不聪明”，难道她对《艾芬豪》这样的书中对中世纪服装和挂毯的华丽描述感兴趣吗?
{"title":"Reinventing Sustainability: how archaeology can save the planet. By Erika Guttmann-Bond. 240mm. Pp x + 181, 58 col ills, others b/w. Oxbow Books, Oxford and Philadelphia, 2019. isbn 9781785709920. £29.95 (pbk).","authors":"T. Malim","doi":"10.1017/s0003581521000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003581521000238","url":null,"abstract":"commercial savoir-faire. The matter of May’s socialism is covered in a chapter by Anna Mason; as an agitator she was earnest but no firebrand, and, despite her conspicuous good looks in youth, had no wish to become a poster-girl for the movement. There are some interesting anecdotes included, such as her encounter with a customs inspector on her arrival in New York to ‘spread the gospel of utilitarianism in art’: to her surprise, he is an admirer of her father and quotes one of his poems. May’s negotiations with the Victoria and Albert Museum over the publicity photographs for the Morris Centenary Exhibition in suggest at best a single-minded and controlling nature and at worst an Electra complex. As an account of May Morris’s activities and interests this book scores highly. It is beautifully illustrated with very well-reproduced plates and will be a valuable resource for researchers and Morris devotees keen to piece together the disparate roles that May adopted. The major relationships in her fascinating, eclectic life are outlined in black and white, but none is coloured by any depth of analysis. It is intriguing to learn that, on May’s marriage to Henry Sparling, her socialist colleagues gave her a set of Walter Scott’s novels with a bookplate designed by Walter Crane. Did May, who declared forthrightly during her lecture tour of the United States that ‘the costume of today is neither picturesque nor clever’, warm to those opulent descriptions of medieval dress and tapestry that grace the pages of such a book as Ivanhoe?","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"463 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-29DOI: 10.1017/S0003581521000202
N. Guthrie
the ‘falling table’ which was, in effect, hinged to the wall with a single folding leg to support the top when open. In some examples these tables are attached to a wall-mounted rail so that they could be moved to left or right and, when folded up, could serve as a window shutter. The wide variety of woods used in vernacular furniture was often given some visual unity by means of paint. This was a widespread practice with regional joiners, but in Ireland it became insistent as a direct consequence of the suppression of Catholicism. This compelled priests to become itinerant. Their ministry resulted in services known as ‘the stations’ taking place in a village dwelling selected for the purpose. In advance of such a visitation the chosen house was tidied and cleaned, while the furniture was given a coat of gloss paint. Over time this could result in as many as two dozen layers of paint, which inevitably submerged such details as mouldings and carved decoration. Subsequently, furniture dealers and ‘even some museums’ stripped these accretions, an almost archaeological exercise that owed little to the sociological importance of this tradition – one that is fully acknowledged in this publication. One of the underlying problems that many rural dwellings were subject to was rising damp through earth, clay or stone floors. This encouraged furniture makers to construct their work so that the components in contact with the floor could be easily replaced when they rotted. One photograph shows a replaced sledge-foot dovetailed into a dresser base. Wedged stool or chair legs could also be easily substituted. In this respect, where the leg emerged through the seat, it was important that the wedge be inserted on the opposing axis to the grain in the wood of the seat as this limited the possibility of the latter splitting. In the concluding pages we are shown a wide variety of plenishings such as noggins and piggins and other coopered work. Of the various types of treen wrought in the solid, the mether is perhaps the most typically Celtic. In the regular use of the Irish language the glossary is helpful. Above all it is the drawings and photographs of structural details that are invaluable, as is their interpretation. As a furniture maker herself, Dr Kinmonth has the ability to ‘read’ such details and understand their significance. It is in this that she offers layers of understanding not always evident in books on furniture.
{"title":"Gothic Architecture and Sexuality in the Circle of Horace Walpole. By Matthew M Reeve. 262 mm. Pp xix + 260, 140 figs. Penn State University Press, Pennsylvania, 2021. isbn 9780271085883. US$74.95 (hbk).","authors":"N. Guthrie","doi":"10.1017/S0003581521000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581521000202","url":null,"abstract":"the ‘falling table’ which was, in effect, hinged to the wall with a single folding leg to support the top when open. In some examples these tables are attached to a wall-mounted rail so that they could be moved to left or right and, when folded up, could serve as a window shutter. The wide variety of woods used in vernacular furniture was often given some visual unity by means of paint. This was a widespread practice with regional joiners, but in Ireland it became insistent as a direct consequence of the suppression of Catholicism. This compelled priests to become itinerant. Their ministry resulted in services known as ‘the stations’ taking place in a village dwelling selected for the purpose. In advance of such a visitation the chosen house was tidied and cleaned, while the furniture was given a coat of gloss paint. Over time this could result in as many as two dozen layers of paint, which inevitably submerged such details as mouldings and carved decoration. Subsequently, furniture dealers and ‘even some museums’ stripped these accretions, an almost archaeological exercise that owed little to the sociological importance of this tradition – one that is fully acknowledged in this publication. One of the underlying problems that many rural dwellings were subject to was rising damp through earth, clay or stone floors. This encouraged furniture makers to construct their work so that the components in contact with the floor could be easily replaced when they rotted. One photograph shows a replaced sledge-foot dovetailed into a dresser base. Wedged stool or chair legs could also be easily substituted. In this respect, where the leg emerged through the seat, it was important that the wedge be inserted on the opposing axis to the grain in the wood of the seat as this limited the possibility of the latter splitting. In the concluding pages we are shown a wide variety of plenishings such as noggins and piggins and other coopered work. Of the various types of treen wrought in the solid, the mether is perhaps the most typically Celtic. In the regular use of the Irish language the glossary is helpful. Above all it is the drawings and photographs of structural details that are invaluable, as is their interpretation. As a furniture maker herself, Dr Kinmonth has the ability to ‘read’ such details and understand their significance. It is in this that she offers layers of understanding not always evident in books on furniture.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"457 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0003581521000202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-29DOI: 10.1017/s0003581521000214
N. Guthrie
stage throughout the scene. Notwithstanding these reservations, Grant’s monograph remains a valuable achievement, and offers subtle and scholarly readings not only of the movement of Latin into Italian and English, but also of Greek into Latin. This sophisticated conspectus of the development and intertextuality of the elegiac genre represents a genuine advance on previous theoretical work in the field. In Grant’s own elegantly paradoxical formulation, ‘two-directional, “backwards reception” is, surely, the way forward’ (p ): in David Lodge’s academic satire Small World (), budding academic Persse McGarrigle proposes an MA thesis on ‘The Influence of T S Eliot on Shakespeare’. Cometh the hour : : :
{"title":"The First Scottish Enlightenment: rebels, priests and history. By Kelsey Jackson Williams. Pp xvi + 351, 10 ills. Oxford University Press, 2020. isbn 9780198809692. £90 (hbk).","authors":"N. Guthrie","doi":"10.1017/s0003581521000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003581521000214","url":null,"abstract":"stage throughout the scene. Notwithstanding these reservations, Grant’s monograph remains a valuable achievement, and offers subtle and scholarly readings not only of the movement of Latin into Italian and English, but also of Greek into Latin. This sophisticated conspectus of the development and intertextuality of the elegiac genre represents a genuine advance on previous theoretical work in the field. In Grant’s own elegantly paradoxical formulation, ‘two-directional, “backwards reception” is, surely, the way forward’ (p ): in David Lodge’s academic satire Small World (), budding academic Persse McGarrigle proposes an MA thesis on ‘The Influence of T S Eliot on Shakespeare’. Cometh the hour : : :","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"454 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42989359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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