Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10535
Robert P. Warner, Marcia L. Godwin, Camilla J. Hodge
Every year, nearly one million staff work seasonally at summer camps. Although little research has investigated staff experiences compared to campers’ experiences, literature does exist. Understanding the breadth and depth of this literature is an important way to guide future investigations and employment practices regarding seasonal summer camp staff experiences. The purpose of our scoping review was to synthesize the literature about seasonal summer camp staff experiences. Using two scoping review manuals as guides, we systematically retrieved and reviewed the corpus of literature produced from 1900 to 2020 regarding seasonal summer camp staff experiences. We reviewed 116 documents, including peer-reviewed journal articles, theses and dissertations, and refereed conference abstracts. We extracted and analyzed documents’ topics, methods, sample and setting characteristics, major findings, and future research suggestions. We present our analysis of literature in two sections: staff outcomes and administrator/staff concerns. Findings from our review may inform future research and practice. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"Seasonal Summer Camp Staff Experiences: A Scoping Review","authors":"Robert P. Warner, Marcia L. Godwin, Camilla J. Hodge","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10535","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, nearly one million staff work seasonally at summer camps. Although little research has investigated staff experiences compared to campers’ experiences, literature does exist. Understanding the breadth and depth of this literature is an important way to guide future investigations and employment practices regarding seasonal summer camp staff experiences. The purpose of our scoping review was to synthesize the literature about seasonal summer camp staff experiences. Using two scoping review manuals as guides, we systematically retrieved and reviewed the corpus of literature produced from 1900 to 2020 regarding seasonal summer camp staff experiences. We reviewed 116 documents, including peer-reviewed journal articles, theses and dissertations, and refereed conference abstracts. We extracted and analyzed documents’ topics, methods, sample and setting characteristics, major findings, and future research suggestions. We present our analysis of literature in two sections: staff outcomes and administrator/staff concerns. Findings from our review may inform future research and practice. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88492443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10545
V. Povilaitis, Jim Sibthorp, Dan Richmond
Emerging adults engage in a range of education, employment, and other experiences that provide opportunities to build skills necessary for future success. The camp industry employs 1.5 million individuals each summer, and its potential as a setting for development is important to understand. The purpose of this study was to identify the outcomes of camp employment and compare these outcomes across settings. Participants were 254 individuals engaged in a longitudinal study, all of whom were camp staff during summer 2018. This study employed an explanatory sequential design. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using RMANOVAs and paired t-tests. Qualitative data were analyzed using a multi-step coding process including open (survey responses) and utilitarian coding (interviews). Findings indicated emerging adults learned relationship skills, leadership, and appreciation for being present and that camp employment is a rich setting for emerging adults to learn skills they may not learn elsewhere. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"Camp Employment as a Developmental Setting for Emerging Adults: A National Mixed-Methods Study","authors":"V. Povilaitis, Jim Sibthorp, Dan Richmond","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10545","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging adults engage in a range of education, employment, and other experiences that provide opportunities to build skills necessary for future success. The camp industry employs 1.5 million individuals each summer, and its potential as a setting for development is important to understand. The purpose of this study was to identify the outcomes of camp employment and compare these outcomes across settings. Participants were 254 individuals engaged in a longitudinal study, all of whom were camp staff during summer 2018. This study employed an explanatory sequential design. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using RMANOVAs and paired t-tests. Qualitative data were analyzed using a multi-step coding process including open (survey responses) and utilitarian coding (interviews). Findings indicated emerging adults learned relationship skills, leadership, and appreciation for being present and that camp employment is a rich setting for emerging adults to learn skills they may not learn elsewhere. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79396791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10543
M. Owens, Laurie P. Browne
Camp programs hire counselors to fulfill multiple responsibilities and to role model positive behaviors for campers. Social-emotional learning (SEL) is a skill set that develops over time and through engagement with an array of individuals and opportunities that support social and emotional health across the lifespan. The social design of an overnight summer camp may be an ideal setting for nurturing SEL through camper-counselor relationships. The purpose of this study was to explore how counselors understood and modeled SEL with their campers and to what extent the campers recognized and interpreted those behaviors. Evidence suggests that counselors intended to role model SEL; however, they were inconsistent in how they modeled SEL during interactions with campers. Counselors’ own SEL may need more explicit support and training to more effectively role model SEL for campers. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"Camp Counselor as a Role Model for Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Camp","authors":"M. Owens, Laurie P. Browne","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10543","url":null,"abstract":"Camp programs hire counselors to fulfill multiple responsibilities and to role model positive behaviors for campers. Social-emotional learning (SEL) is a skill set that develops over time and through engagement with an array of individuals and opportunities that support social and emotional health across the lifespan. The social design of an overnight summer camp may be an ideal setting for nurturing SEL through camper-counselor relationships. The purpose of this study was to explore how counselors understood and modeled SEL with their campers and to what extent the campers recognized and interpreted those behaviors. Evidence suggests that counselors intended to role model SEL; however, they were inconsistent in how they modeled SEL during interactions with campers. Counselors’ own SEL may need more explicit support and training to more effectively role model SEL for campers. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10581
Michael Riley, Jessica Dickerson, Jim Sibthorp, D. Bialeschki
Attending summer camp can be a developmentally enriching experience for both campers and camp staff. However, many camps offer programming that is situated between the camper and counselor roles, namely counselor-in-training (CIT) programs. While CIT programs are common, there is a lack of research documenting the form, function, and outcomes of participation in them. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to understand the nature and benefits of camp-based adolescent leadership programs. To inform this purpose, we surveyed CIT program directors and asked them to describe various aspects of their programs. We also collected primary data directly from CIT participants so that we could include participants’ perspectives in our study. Results indicated that CITs gained a variety of social and emotional skills from their CIT experience. These findings are discussed and implications for practitioners are proposed. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"Neither Camper Nor Staff: Understanding Counselor-in-Training Programs","authors":"Michael Riley, Jessica Dickerson, Jim Sibthorp, D. Bialeschki","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10581","url":null,"abstract":"Attending summer camp can be a developmentally enriching experience for both campers and camp staff. However, many camps offer programming that is situated between the camper and counselor roles, namely counselor-in-training (CIT) programs. While CIT programs are common, there is a lack of research documenting the form, function, and outcomes of participation in them. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to understand the nature and benefits of camp-based adolescent leadership programs. To inform this purpose, we surveyed CIT program directors and asked them to describe various aspects of their programs. We also collected primary data directly from CIT participants so that we could include participants’ perspectives in our study. Results indicated that CITs gained a variety of social and emotional skills from their CIT experience. These findings are discussed and implications for practitioners are proposed. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76191877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2020-v13-i1-10641
A. Rogge
COVID-19 made many summer camp professionals cancel their 2020 programs. Summer camp professionals who cancelled, or significantly modified their programs, still have something to do: they have an opportunity to change. In the applied research environment, this new body of information will be fascinating to examine as it could potentially help all camps embrace the value of certain strategies, messaging and crisis management concepts to improve relationships and broaden the value of the camp experience. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"How the Year of a Thousand Unknowns Could Transform Camp","authors":"A. Rogge","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2020-v13-i1-10641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2020-v13-i1-10641","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 made many summer camp professionals cancel their 2020 programs. Summer camp professionals who cancelled, or significantly modified their programs, still have something to do: they have an opportunity to change. In the applied research environment, this new body of information will be fascinating to examine as it could potentially help all camps embrace the value of certain strategies, messaging and crisis management concepts to improve relationships and broaden the value of the camp experience. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74477823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10557
A. Gillard
{"title":"Review of Becoming and Being a Camp Counsellor: Discourse, Power Relations and Emotions","authors":"A. Gillard","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2021-v13-i1-10557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88718972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.18666/JOREL-2021-V13-I1-10620
Rachael G. Botting, Robert E. Ribbe, G. Robinson
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the impact of working at a camp on summer camp staff while simultaneously seeking to understand what facilitates and inhibits growth in that context. This study examined differences in levels of leadership, teamwork and resilience before and after working at a summer camp as a staff member. It also assessed staff perceptions of staff culture, support, and care. Results indicated that summer camp staff members can and do grow in the areas measured over the course of a summer at camp and that some elements of the staff experience related to staff support, staff care, and staff culture may be important factors in contributing to that growth. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of working at a camp on staff by providing a pre-post assessment while beginning the conversation about best practices to facilitate growth. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Summer Camp Employment on the Development of Workplace Skills","authors":"Rachael G. Botting, Robert E. Ribbe, G. Robinson","doi":"10.18666/JOREL-2021-V13-I1-10620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2021-V13-I1-10620","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the impact of working at a camp on summer camp staff while simultaneously seeking to understand what facilitates and inhibits growth in that context. This study examined differences in levels of leadership, teamwork and resilience before and after working at a summer camp as a staff member. It also assessed staff perceptions of staff culture, support, and care. Results indicated that summer camp staff members can and do grow in the areas measured over the course of a summer at camp and that some elements of the staff experience related to staff support, staff care, and staff culture may be important factors in contributing to that growth. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of working at a camp on staff by providing a pre-post assessment while beginning the conversation about best practices to facilitate growth. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74798490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-10796
J. Gonzalez, Luis Acevedo
Aerial Adventure Environments: The Theory and Practice of the Challenge Course, Zip Line, and Canopy Tour Industry Speelman, E. A., Wagstaff, M., Jordan, S. H., & Haras, K. (2020). Aerial adventure environments: The theory and practice of the challenge course, zip line, and canopy tour industry. Human Kinetics. Reviewed by Jose H. Gonzalez Recreation and Tourism Management Department California State University Northridge Luis Acevedo Department of Physical Education and Recreation University of Puerto Rico Subscribe to JOREL
空中冒险环境:挑战课程、滑索和树冠旅游产业的理论与实践斯皮尔曼，e.a.，瓦格斯塔夫，M.，乔丹，s.h.，和哈拉斯，K.(2020)。空中冒险环境:挑战课程、滑索和树冠旅游产业的理论和实践。人类动力学。由Jose H. Gonzalez审查娱乐和旅游管理系加州州立大学北岭分校Luis Acevedo体育和娱乐系波多黎各大学订阅JOREL
{"title":"Book Review: Aerial Adventure Environments: The Theory and Practice of the Challenge Course, Zip Line, and Canopy Tour Industry","authors":"J. Gonzalez, Luis Acevedo","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-10796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-10796","url":null,"abstract":"Aerial Adventure Environments: The Theory and Practice of the Challenge Course, Zip Line, and Canopy Tour Industry Speelman, E. A., Wagstaff, M., Jordan, S. H., & Haras, K. (2020). Aerial adventure environments: The theory and practice of the challenge course, zip line, and canopy tour industry. Human Kinetics. Reviewed by Jose H. Gonzalez Recreation and Tourism Management Department California State University Northridge Luis Acevedo Department of Physical Education and Recreation University of Puerto Rico Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82870052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-10217
Erik Rabinowitz, Christopher J. Bartram
This article will explain prioritized steps on how to create a reporting system for the outdoor recreation organization, including the components to incorporate an effective risk management reporting system. Research reports that the majority (91%) of outdoor programs are using paper forms to report incidents and that 26% of programs do not record near misses at all (Bartram & Rabinowitz, 2018). These steps were designed collaboratively and incorporate perspectives from program management and literature. This outline may assist those seeking to further enhance their incident reporting system and improve organizational incident reporting practices. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"A Guide to Implementing an In-House Incident Reporting System in Outdoor Recreation and Education","authors":"Erik Rabinowitz, Christopher J. Bartram","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-10217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-10217","url":null,"abstract":"This article will explain prioritized steps on how to create a reporting system for the outdoor recreation organization, including the components to incorporate an effective risk management reporting system. Research reports that the majority (91%) of outdoor programs are using paper forms to report incidents and that 26% of programs do not record near misses at all (Bartram & Rabinowitz, 2018). These steps were designed collaboratively and incorporate perspectives from program management and literature. This outline may assist those seeking to further enhance their incident reporting system and improve organizational incident reporting practices. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76017110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-9849
P. Robertson, Elizabeth G. Graves, Andrew J. Bobilya, Todd Murdock, Dale Brotherton, Sara B. Hunter
This exploratory study examined the benefits of participating in a three-week, multi-state bicycling trip for eight adolescents who participated in a first-generation, college-bound program. The primary purpose of this study was to explore participants’ perceptions of their own resilience, independence, responsibility, and problem-solving and to identify elements of the program that help facilitate the development of these outcomes. Analysis of focus group comments six weeks post experience suggests a cyclical experiential learning model exemplifying the effects of participation, feedback, and reflection on participants’ acceptance of challenge and the process needed to support it. Application of the characteristics described within the model as they apply to first-generation, college-bound student success is provided. Subscribe to JOREL
{"title":"An Exploratory Study of the Benefits of a Three- Week Cycling Expedition for Potential First-Generation, College-Bound Students","authors":"P. Robertson, Elizabeth G. Graves, Andrew J. Bobilya, Todd Murdock, Dale Brotherton, Sara B. Hunter","doi":"10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-9849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2020-v12-i4-9849","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study examined the benefits of participating in a three-week, multi-state bicycling trip for eight adolescents who participated in a first-generation, college-bound program. The primary purpose of this study was to explore participants’ perceptions of their own resilience, independence, responsibility, and problem-solving and to identify elements of the program that help facilitate the development of these outcomes. Analysis of focus group comments six weeks post experience suggests a cyclical experiential learning model exemplifying the effects of participation, feedback, and reflection on participants’ acceptance of challenge and the process needed to support it. Application of the characteristics described within the model as they apply to first-generation, college-bound student success is provided. Subscribe to JOREL","PeriodicalId":44328,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation Education and Leadership","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72527676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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