Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.44.1.0005
M. Madiou, Samira al-Khawaldeh
While critics take a particular interest in discussing Mohsin Hamid as a novelist of globalization, migration, war, politics, economics, and capitalism, I contend that Hamid manifests a strong interest in, even obsession with, art in his fiction and non-fiction, which also makes him a novelist of art. Relying on his own words in his non-fiction, I argue that Hamid expresses a direct, often indirect concern about his artistic life, which includes his artistic experiences, ways, pursuits, and struggles in the globalized world of art. This article aims to ground my obstinate claim that Hamid symbolically exposes his own artistic life in his fiction in reality; it does this by focusing on Hamid’s non-fiction where his personal confessions can be said to be the most pronounced in contrast to his fiction where these are symbolic and, therefore, less definite. It establishes the basis on which my subsequent claim that Hamid speaks about his artistic experiences in his fiction can stand and, by extension, the claim that his fiction, besides being metafictional, can also be considered autobiographical.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.44.1.0018
G. Talhami
U.S. criticism of its client/ally Saudi Arabia regarding the killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi immediately diminished the kingdom’s ability to secure funds for its latest mega development project, the Neom convention center. U.S. intelligence pinned the crime on aides to Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman (MBS). At the same time, a seemingly unauthorized operation, later attributed to former president Donald Trump, killed a top Iranian commander, Qasem Suleimani, by a drone strike. Congress was not involved and the UN protested this as a violation of Article 51 of its Charter, emphasizing that this was justified in a case of imminent threat, undertaken only by a state. Encouraged by drone technology, the U.S. found it easy to locate the target and minimize collateral damage. International lawyers and military experts are still debating the legitimacy of such action. The U.S. is persisting in claiming that it upholds the standards of international humanitarian law which sometimes sanctions targeted killing. A number of international law professors continue to deride U.S. action as illegal, while the latter continues to describe its actions as defensive in nature. Organizations such as Human Rights Watch lament the reluctance of previous U.S. presidents to define targeted killing.
美国就记者贾马尔·卡舒吉被杀一事批评其客户/盟友沙特阿拉伯，立即削弱了沙特为其最新大型开发项目Neom会议中心获得资金的能力。美国情报部门将犯罪归咎于王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼(mohammed Bin Salman)的助手。与此同时，一项看似未经授权的行动，后来被认为是前总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)发起的，用无人机袭击杀死了伊朗高级指挥官卡西姆·苏莱曼尼(Qasem Suleimani)。美国国会没有参与其中，联合国抗议称这违反了《联合国宪章》第51条，并强调在面临迫在眉睫的威胁的情况下，这是正当的，只能由一个国家采取行动。在无人机技术的鼓舞下，美国发现很容易定位目标并将附带损害降到最低。国际律师和军事专家仍在争论此类行动的合法性。美国坚持声称，它支持国际人道主义法的标准，该标准有时会制裁有针对性的杀戮。一些国际法教授继续嘲笑美国的行动是非法的，而后者继续将其行动描述为防御性质。人权观察(Human Rights Watch)等组织对前几任美国总统不愿界定定点清除表示遗憾。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.44.1.0029
{"title":"Essay By the Editor","authors":"","doi":"10.13169/arabstudquar.44.1.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/arabstudquar.44.1.0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44343,"journal":{"name":"Arab Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66270271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.44.2.0045
Marwa Alkhayat
The present article examines a narrative of darkness to illuminate the rhetoric of haunting and monstrosity. Gothicity evokes a sense of indeterminateness and it dramatizes disruptive incorporeal occurrences as interrogated in Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad, a war Frankenfiction. It stages horror to chronicle national disintegration through the rise of a sewn-together zombie to mark the appalling arrival of the Iraqi dissenter. The new twenty-first-century monster is a zombie to defy marginality and to associate monstrosity with deviance and abnormality. Within this rationale, the present study investigates the aesthetics of Postcolonial Gothic politics to examine the use of the supernatural, the grotesque body, the monstrous abject, and the haunted ruins to depict a dismembered nation through the deployment of eerie motifs and surreal techniques. My premise fleshes out the Frankenstein hubris to dismantle the US political culture in Iraq. The aim is to reframe the modern Gothic monster as an emblem of reverse colonialism to defy the imperialist ideologies and to articulate past trauma through the rhetoric of bodily horror, haunting and ghostly fear.
本文考察了一种黑暗的叙事，以阐明幽灵和怪物的修辞。哥特性唤起了一种不确定感，它戏剧性地表现了破坏性的非物质事件，正如艾哈迈德·萨达维(Ahmed Saadawi)在《巴格达的弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein in Baghdad)中所讯问的那样，这是一部战争弗兰肯小说。它通过一个缝在一起的僵尸的崛起来纪念伊拉克持不同政见者的可怕到来，上演了一场恐怖，记录了国家的解体。21世纪的新怪物是一个无视边缘的僵尸，并将怪物与越轨和异常联系在一起。在此基础上，本研究考察了后殖民哥特式政治的美学，通过怪异的主题和超现实的技术，研究了超自然、怪诞的身体、可怕的身体和闹鬼的废墟的使用，来描绘一个被肢解的国家。我的假设充实了弗兰肯斯坦式的傲慢，想要摧毁美国在伊拉克的政治文化。其目的是将现代哥特式怪物重新定义为反殖民主义的象征，以反抗帝国主义的意识形态，并通过身体恐怖的修辞来阐明过去的创伤，萦绕和幽灵般的恐惧。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.43.4.0371
F. Moughrabi
The title of this book is arguably misleading for two reasons. One is that 'parasites', in the form of protozoan and metazoan pathogens, are distinguished from 'disease' organisms viruses, bacteria and fungi. Such a distinction, especially when there are chapter headings such as 'Diseases caused by Protozoa', is likely to confuse rather than enlighten. Secondly, 'tropics' is restricted in the book's coverage to South-east Asia. The main text is divided into four sections. The title of part I, 'Fish anatomy', is again slightly misleading since it deals with organs as habitats for parasites and is not concerned with descriptive anatomy. It is nevertheless a useful and very informative summary of the pathogens that are likely to occur in any given organ system. Part II 'Diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy' again provides clear and well-structured accounts of these topics, illustrated by flow diagrams and charts. The therapy section is the least useful, being particularly superficial on immunization techniques. The four chapters comprising parts I and II will prove invaluable, however, to those establishing laboratories or to those engaged in training personnel. Part III, consisting of two chapters under the general heading 'Diseases', contains details of viral and bacterial, and fungal infections. This part surprisingly accounts for only 10% of the book, which seems disproportionately small in relation to the likely importance of micro-organisms as pathogens. In comparison part IV, 'Parasites and pests', accounts for 50% of the book. This part contains chapters on Protozoa and all the major metazoan parasitic groups plus the crustaceans, leeches and molluscs. There are full, often detailed, accounts of the species of parasites found in South-east Asia. There is a strong emphasis on taxonomy and detailed nomenclature (synonyms are often given) which would seem more appropriate to a book whose aims were more directly academic. One gains the impression that many of the species included in this part of the book are not important pathogens in fish culture. The final chapter, included in part IV, deals with nutritional and environmental disorders. It is rather more superficial than the preceding chapters. Treatment of diseases is covered after the description of single species or groups of species, as appropriate. In general the coverage is useful but occasionally overdone. The section concerning Icthyophthirius, for example, amounts to five and a half pages and could prove confusing to a fish farmer looking for a convenient treatment. The index is fairly comprehensive although there are irritating omissions. For example, formulae are given for fixatives but these are not indexed, and neither is anaesthesia. In the text there is unnecesssary repetition of chemical formulae, for such ordinary chemicals as common salt and copper sulphate, which could have been omitted after the first mention. In general, however, the book is produced to a very high standard
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Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.43.3.0290
W. Beach
I have had a love/hate relationship with this book ever since it first came out. On the one hand, this is an excellent introduction for mathematicians to the differential geometry underlying general relativity. On the other hand, this is definitely a book for mathematicians. The book’s greatest strength is its clear, precise presentation of the basic ideas in differential geometry, combined with equally clear and precise applications to theoretical physics, notably general relativity. But the book’s precision is also its greatest weakness; this is not an easy book to read for non-mathematicians, who may not appreciate the notational complexity, some of which is nonstandard. The present edition is very similar to the original, published in 1992. In addition to minor revisions and clarifications of the material, there is now a brief introduction to fiber bundles, and a (very) brief discussion of the gauge theory description of fundamental particles. The index to the symbols used is also a more complete than in the past, but without the descriptive material present in the previous edition. The bulk of the book consists of a careful introduction to tensors and their properties. Tensors are introduced first as linear maps on vector spaces, and only later generalized to tensor fields on manifolds. The differentiation and integration of differential forms is discussed in detail, including Stokes’ theorem, Lie differentiation and Hodge duality, and connections, curvature, and torsion. To this point, Wasserman’s text can be viewed as an expanded version of Bishop and Goldberg’s classic text [1], one major difference being Wasserman’s inclusion of the pseudo-Riemannian case from the beginning (in particular, when discussing Hodge duality). Whether one prefers Wasserman’s approach to Bishop and Goldberg’s is largely a matter of taste: Wasserman’s treatment is both more complete and more precise, making it easier to check calculations in detail, but occasionally more difficult to remember what one is calculating. An instructor using this text would be well advised to think carefully about which topics to cover, rather than trying to do everything. The remainder of the book contains applications: to mechanics, to relativity, and to gauge theory. In each case, better treatments exist elsewhere. However, each such treatment typically introduces its own notation; it is not without some truth that differential geometry is often described as the study of objects under changes of notation. Having several short treatments of these different topics in one place makes it easy for the instructor to choose those he or she wishes to to emphasize, while providing a clear transition to more advanced treatments. The presentation does have some idiosyncrasies. The key concept of a derivation is not clearly defined. Some subtleties are referred to in cryptic comments (‘This space is too large.’) which are never explained. The occasionally nonstandard notation is not always ea
{"title":"Book review","authors":"W. Beach","doi":"10.13169/arabstudquar.43.3.0290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/arabstudquar.43.3.0290","url":null,"abstract":"I have had a love/hate relationship with this book ever since it first came out. On the one hand, this is an excellent introduction for mathematicians to the differential geometry underlying general relativity. On the other hand, this is definitely a book for mathematicians. The book’s greatest strength is its clear, precise presentation of the basic ideas in differential geometry, combined with equally clear and precise applications to theoretical physics, notably general relativity. But the book’s precision is also its greatest weakness; this is not an easy book to read for non-mathematicians, who may not appreciate the notational complexity, some of which is nonstandard. The present edition is very similar to the original, published in 1992. In addition to minor revisions and clarifications of the material, there is now a brief introduction to fiber bundles, and a (very) brief discussion of the gauge theory description of fundamental particles. The index to the symbols used is also a more complete than in the past, but without the descriptive material present in the previous edition. The bulk of the book consists of a careful introduction to tensors and their properties. Tensors are introduced first as linear maps on vector spaces, and only later generalized to tensor fields on manifolds. The differentiation and integration of differential forms is discussed in detail, including Stokes’ theorem, Lie differentiation and Hodge duality, and connections, curvature, and torsion. To this point, Wasserman’s text can be viewed as an expanded version of Bishop and Goldberg’s classic text [1], one major difference being Wasserman’s inclusion of the pseudo-Riemannian case from the beginning (in particular, when discussing Hodge duality). Whether one prefers Wasserman’s approach to Bishop and Goldberg’s is largely a matter of taste: Wasserman’s treatment is both more complete and more precise, making it easier to check calculations in detail, but occasionally more difficult to remember what one is calculating. An instructor using this text would be well advised to think carefully about which topics to cover, rather than trying to do everything. The remainder of the book contains applications: to mechanics, to relativity, and to gauge theory. In each case, better treatments exist elsewhere. However, each such treatment typically introduces its own notation; it is not without some truth that differential geometry is often described as the study of objects under changes of notation. Having several short treatments of these different topics in one place makes it easy for the instructor to choose those he or she wishes to to emphasize, while providing a clear transition to more advanced treatments. The presentation does have some idiosyncrasies. The key concept of a derivation is not clearly defined. Some subtleties are referred to in cryptic comments (‘This space is too large.’) which are never explained. The occasionally nonstandard notation is not always ea","PeriodicalId":44343,"journal":{"name":"Arab Studies Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.43.3.0285
Omar Darwazah
This book is a dispassionate re-examination of the “laws and codes” that are presented as “Islamic” or “ shar‘ῑ ” in order to empower common Muslims to reconnect with the Qur’ān and the Prophetic legacy more directly. In that context, it highlights how the Muslim understanding of the Qur’ān and the Prophetic legacy has been clouded by the “interpretive constructs emanating from fallible humans” (p. viii). Instead, the author calls for the implementation of a value-oriented approach taken from the Qur’ān and the life of the Prophet Muhammad when determining Muslim understanding of the sharῑ‘ah and daily life. The serious
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