injunctions, and (often patrician) ancient attitudes toward work and religious entrepreneurs—perhaps inevitably, somewhat peripatetic in their chronological and geographical contexts—store up rich rewards for the later chapters (which constitute the real heart of the book). Its signal merit is to open up new vistas: not least, in its tantalizing pan-Eurasian coda (pp. 114–18), which leaves the reader with a sense that Brown—and no doubt many others—will continue to worry about the “poor” in late antiquity for some time to come.
{"title":"Pilgerwege ins “Heilige Land”: Beiträge zur Religionsgeografie der Alten Kirche ed. by Ulrich Fellmeth, Ulrich Mell (review)","authors":"Jan Willem Drijvers","doi":"10.1353/cat.2016.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2016.0215","url":null,"abstract":"injunctions, and (often patrician) ancient attitudes toward work and religious entrepreneurs—perhaps inevitably, somewhat peripatetic in their chronological and geographical contexts—store up rich rewards for the later chapters (which constitute the real heart of the book). Its signal merit is to open up new vistas: not least, in its tantalizing pan-Eurasian coda (pp. 114–18), which leaves the reader with a sense that Brown—and no doubt many others—will continue to worry about the “poor” in late antiquity for some time to come.","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"102 1","pages":"827 - 828"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/cat.2016.0215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66399102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Guaraní and Their Missions: A Socioeconomic History by Julia J. S. Sarreal (review)","authors":"Gary Van Valen","doi":"10.1353/cat.2016.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2016.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"102 1","pages":"209 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/cat.2016.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66398873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
nearby independent Indians. The post-Jesuit economy was a hybrid of market and communal structures, and mission leaders struggled (ultimately unsuccessfully) to profit enough from the market to fund the communal redistribution of goods that provided a safety net for the less fortunate and an incentive to remain in the missions. Sarreal describes in depth how two missions, particularly rich in cattle, tried to profit from a booming Atlantic market in hides, yet lost most of the profits to Spanish employees and administrators. Whereas previous studies argued that mission decline was primarily the result of corruption and overexploitation by Spanish administrators, Sarreal insists convincingly that the story was much more complicated. In the end, no one could find a way to make the post-Jesuit missions break even economically.
{"title":"The Lawyer of the Church: Bishop Clemente de Jesús Munguía and the Clerical Response to the Mexican Liberal Reforma by Pablo Mijangos y González (review)","authors":"K. van Oosterhout","doi":"10.1353/cat.2016.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2016.0024","url":null,"abstract":"nearby independent Indians. The post-Jesuit economy was a hybrid of market and communal structures, and mission leaders struggled (ultimately unsuccessfully) to profit enough from the market to fund the communal redistribution of goods that provided a safety net for the less fortunate and an incentive to remain in the missions. Sarreal describes in depth how two missions, particularly rich in cattle, tried to profit from a booming Atlantic market in hides, yet lost most of the profits to Spanish employees and administrators. Whereas previous studies argued that mission decline was primarily the result of corruption and overexploitation by Spanish administrators, Sarreal insists convincingly that the story was much more complicated. In the end, no one could find a way to make the post-Jesuit missions break even economically.","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"102 1","pages":"210 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/cat.2016.0024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66399004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Christian Support for Israel: Standing with the Chosen People, 1948-1975","authors":"E. Fisher","doi":"10.5860/choice.189041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.189041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"101 1","pages":"971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For God and Revolution: Priest, Peasant, and Agrarian Socialism in the Mexican Huasteca. By Mark Saad Saka. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 2013. Pp. xxi, 186. $50.00. ISBN 978-0-8263-5338-2.)Over the past thirty years, major regional studies, mainly of Mexico's southeastern states, have explored the way in which nineteenth-century civil and foreign wars drew rural communities into politics as indigenous peasants took to arms in support of regional and national causes in exchange for promises of constitutional guarantees. For God and Revolution is a welcome contribution to this literature. Well suited for undergraduates, this short book provides a fascinating case study of the popular roots of Mexican liberalism, Catholicism, and republicanism.Mark Saad Saka's region is the Huasteca, encompassing the vast Panuco river basin that includes segments of five states and serves as a natural boundary between east-central and north-eastern Mexico. The first five chapters chart 400 years of resistance of the region's Maya-speaking Teenecks to Aztec, Spanish, and republican rule. The final two chapters explore the principal focus of the book: a peasant rebellion between 1877 and 1883 led by indigenous leader Juan Santiago under the banner of "death to all those who wear pants!"Hard to reach from Mexico's highland centers of power, even from its own provincial capital of San Luis Potosi, the Huasteca provided sanctuary and a strategic reserve for forces opposed to colonial rule and later to foreign invasions. Saad Saka traces a pattern of peasant guerrilla forces embracing national causes, manifesting first in the insurgency in 1811; continuing through the federalist movement of the 1830s, the Mexican-American War of 1846-48, and the European Intervention of 1862-67; and culminating in Diaz's rebellions against Juarez's centralizing liberalism during the 1870s. Santiago's rebellion is explained as a response to secular changes facing much of rural Mexico during the final decades of the century: the privatization of church land and town lands, the use of forced labor for constructing of roads and railways, the growth of large estates, mounting insecurity of land tenure and worsening terms of sharecropping, the introduction of sugar with its accompanying abuse of labor, and so forth. Particularly interesting is the involvement of radical priest Mauricio Zavala who, after first promoting education and social reform in the state capital, moved in 1873 to Ciudad del Maiz and promoted primary schooling throughout the region, paying close attention to the needs of indigenous-language speakers, women, and field workers. …
为了上帝与革命:墨西哥华斯特卡的牧师、农民和土地社会主义。马克·萨阿德·萨卡著。阿尔伯克基:新墨西哥大学出版社，2013。第21页，第186页。50.00美元。ISBN 978-0-8263-5338-2。)在过去的三十年里，主要的区域研究，主要是在墨西哥东南部各州，探索了19世纪的内战和对外战争是如何把农村社区卷入政治的，因为土著农民拿起武器支持地区和国家的事业，以换取宪法保障的承诺。《上帝与革命》是对这一文学的一个受欢迎的贡献。这本简短的书非常适合本科生阅读，提供了墨西哥自由主义、天主教和共和主义流行根源的引人入胜的案例研究。Mark Saad Saka的地区是Huasteca，包括广阔的Panuco河流域，包括五个州的部分，是墨西哥中东部和东北部之间的自然边界。前五章描绘了说玛雅语的特纳克人400年来对阿兹特克人、西班牙人以及共和统治的抵抗。最后两章探讨了本书的主要焦点:1877年至1883年间由土著领袖胡安·圣地亚哥领导的农民叛乱，他们打着“让所有穿裤子的人去死!”从墨西哥的高地权力中心，甚至从它自己的省会圣路易斯波托西，都很难到达Huasteca，它为反对殖民统治和后来的外国入侵的力量提供了避难所和战略储备。萨阿德·萨卡(Saad Saka)追溯了农民游击队拥抱国家事业的模式，首先体现在1811年的叛乱中;继续经历了19世纪30年代的联邦主义运动，1846-48年的美墨战争，以及1862-67年的欧洲干预;并在19世纪70年代迪亚兹对华雷斯中央集权的自由主义的反抗中达到高潮。圣地亚哥的叛乱被解释为对20世纪最后几十年墨西哥农村面临的世俗变化的回应:教会土地和城镇土地的私有化，使用强迫劳动来建设公路和铁路，大庄园的增长，土地使用权的不安全感增加，分成制条件的恶化，糖的引入以及随之而来的对劳工的虐待，等等。尤其有趣的是激进的牧师Mauricio Zavala的参与，他在州首府首次推动教育和社会改革后，于1873年搬到Ciudad del Maiz，并在整个地区推广小学教育，密切关注土著语言使用者，妇女和实地工作者的需求。．..
{"title":"For God and Revolution: Priest, Peasant, and Agrarian Socialism in the Mexican Huasteca by Mark Saad Saka (review)","authors":"G. Thomson","doi":"10.1353/CAT.2015.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/CAT.2015.0127","url":null,"abstract":"For God and Revolution: Priest, Peasant, and Agrarian Socialism in the Mexican Huasteca. By Mark Saad Saka. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 2013. Pp. xxi, 186. $50.00. ISBN 978-0-8263-5338-2.)Over the past thirty years, major regional studies, mainly of Mexico's southeastern states, have explored the way in which nineteenth-century civil and foreign wars drew rural communities into politics as indigenous peasants took to arms in support of regional and national causes in exchange for promises of constitutional guarantees. For God and Revolution is a welcome contribution to this literature. Well suited for undergraduates, this short book provides a fascinating case study of the popular roots of Mexican liberalism, Catholicism, and republicanism.Mark Saad Saka's region is the Huasteca, encompassing the vast Panuco river basin that includes segments of five states and serves as a natural boundary between east-central and north-eastern Mexico. The first five chapters chart 400 years of resistance of the region's Maya-speaking Teenecks to Aztec, Spanish, and republican rule. The final two chapters explore the principal focus of the book: a peasant rebellion between 1877 and 1883 led by indigenous leader Juan Santiago under the banner of \"death to all those who wear pants!\"Hard to reach from Mexico's highland centers of power, even from its own provincial capital of San Luis Potosi, the Huasteca provided sanctuary and a strategic reserve for forces opposed to colonial rule and later to foreign invasions. Saad Saka traces a pattern of peasant guerrilla forces embracing national causes, manifesting first in the insurgency in 1811; continuing through the federalist movement of the 1830s, the Mexican-American War of 1846-48, and the European Intervention of 1862-67; and culminating in Diaz's rebellions against Juarez's centralizing liberalism during the 1870s. Santiago's rebellion is explained as a response to secular changes facing much of rural Mexico during the final decades of the century: the privatization of church land and town lands, the use of forced labor for constructing of roads and railways, the growth of large estates, mounting insecurity of land tenure and worsening terms of sharecropping, the introduction of sugar with its accompanying abuse of labor, and so forth. Particularly interesting is the involvement of radical priest Mauricio Zavala who, after first promoting education and social reform in the state capital, moved in 1873 to Ciudad del Maiz and promoted primary schooling throughout the region, paying close attention to the needs of indigenous-language speakers, women, and field workers. …","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"101 1","pages":"696 - 697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/CAT.2015.0127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66398916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nelson H. Minnich, and Gianluca Pilara) focuses on the Lateran Council and Rome in that time. Tanner provides an overall framework for the council. Minnich provides an extensive discussion of the council’s attempted reforms, including the efforts of Giles and the Dominican Master General Tommaso de Vio Cajetan to defend the mendicant orders against attacks by the bishops, an effort in which they were partially successful. The other studies focus more on the city than on the council.
纳尔逊·h·明尼奇(Nelson H. Minnich)和吉安卢卡·皮拉拉(Gianluca Pilara))专注于当时的拉特兰会议和罗马。坦纳为委员会提供了一个整体框架。明尼奇对议会的改革尝试进行了广泛的讨论，包括贾尔斯和多明尼加总主教托马索·德维奥·卡捷坦为保护讨道会免受主教们的攻击所做的努力，他们的努力取得了部分成功。其他的研究更多地关注城市而不是议会。
{"title":"Hopes for Better Spouses: Protestant Marriage and Church Renewal in Early Modern Europe, India, and North America by A. G. Roeber (review)","authors":"Joel F. Harrington","doi":"10.1353/cat.2015.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2015.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Nelson H. Minnich, and Gianluca Pilara) focuses on the Lateran Council and Rome in that time. Tanner provides an overall framework for the council. Minnich provides an extensive discussion of the council’s attempted reforms, including the efforts of Giles and the Dominican Master General Tommaso de Vio Cajetan to defend the mendicant orders against attacks by the bishops, an effort in which they were partially successful. The other studies focus more on the city than on the council.","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"101 1","pages":"166 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/cat.2015.0039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66398838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
isfaction in writing for themselves. Bottoni raises an important question that, unfortunately, she does not attempt to answer: how, at least in the beginning, could a young woman obey her director’s command if she were completely illiterate or possessed only minimal skill in putting quill to paper? The author dutifully cites most of the scholarship on early-modern female literacy but does not put it to use. Nor does she make more than superficial observations about the handwriting samples reproduced in the book. Unsurprisingly, Boccherini, educanda in and then professed member of a Third Order Franciscan house, wrote in a fluent cursive hand. Among the three who had received little or no education, Colle and perhaps Brondi (many of whose writings survive only in copies made by others) wrote in print, without joining the letters in words. Biondi remains a mystery. Despite the author’s dismissive remarks to the contrary, she mastered a sophisticated cursive hand. She must have had help. Who provided it? Was it her inflexible first director, the Oratorian Antonio Gaetano Buti, or someone else? The answer may not be certain, but at least Bottoni might have speculated.
{"title":"Hindiyya, Mystic and Criminal, 1720–1798: A Political and Religious Crisis in Lebanon by Bernard Heyberger (review)","authors":"R. van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1353/cat.2014.0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2014.0196","url":null,"abstract":"isfaction in writing for themselves. Bottoni raises an important question that, unfortunately, she does not attempt to answer: how, at least in the beginning, could a young woman obey her director’s command if she were completely illiterate or possessed only minimal skill in putting quill to paper? The author dutifully cites most of the scholarship on early-modern female literacy but does not put it to use. Nor does she make more than superficial observations about the handwriting samples reproduced in the book. Unsurprisingly, Boccherini, educanda in and then professed member of a Third Order Franciscan house, wrote in a fluent cursive hand. Among the three who had received little or no education, Colle and perhaps Brondi (many of whose writings survive only in copies made by others) wrote in print, without joining the letters in words. Biondi remains a mystery. Despite the author’s dismissive remarks to the contrary, she mastered a sophisticated cursive hand. She must have had help. Who provided it? Was it her inflexible first director, the Oratorian Antonio Gaetano Buti, or someone else? The answer may not be certain, but at least Bottoni might have speculated.","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"100 1","pages":"619 - 621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/cat.2014.0196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66398394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anticommunist position of the Spanish bishops was unanimous during the Spanish Civil War. Their attitude toward Nazism, however, underwent a gradual evolution, from indifference (1936-37) to concern (1938-39). This change was due, in part, to the sympathy for Germany exhibited by the Spanish Falange and, above all, to the warnings of the Holy See. It did not, however, result in a unanimous and open criticism of the Nazis. The opposition of the bishops was primarily in response to papal documents and warnings from German bishops critical of Nazism's stance against Christianity, leading the bishops to question the compatibility of totalitarian ideas and Catholicism to create the new state that Francisco Franco wanted to build in Spain.
{"title":"The Spanish Bishops and Nazism during the Spanish Civil War","authors":"Santiago Martínez Sánchez","doi":"10.1353/cat.2013.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2013.0171","url":null,"abstract":"The anticommunist position of the Spanish bishops was unanimous during the Spanish Civil War. Their attitude toward Nazism, however, underwent a gradual evolution, from indifference (1936-37) to concern (1938-39). This change was due, in part, to the sympathy for Germany exhibited by the Spanish Falange and, above all, to the warnings of the Holy See. It did not, however, result in a unanimous and open criticism of the Nazis. The opposition of the bishops was primarily in response to papal documents and warnings from German bishops critical of Nazism's stance against Christianity, leading the bishops to question the compatibility of totalitarian ideas and Catholicism to create the new state that Francisco Franco wanted to build in Spain.","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"99 1","pages":"499 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/cat.2013.0171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66398336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Catholic priest Leocadio Lobo (1887–1959) is an icon of the Spanish Civil War, but his life has never been submitted to rigorous study. His exile in the United States from 1939 to 1959 is essential to an understanding of his life. His Republican ideology, contrary to that of the regime of General Francisco Franco, was the reason for his exile. Lobo believed that it was possible to be Catholic without supporting the Franco regime, but he was unable to offer an adequate response to the religious persecution that occurred in the Republican zone during the Civil War. In the United States, he underwent rehabilitation as a Catholic priest and developed an extraordinary pastoral ministry in New York City, primarily to the Hispanic community.
{"title":"Leocadio Lobo: The Spanish Civil War as Viewed by a Priest Exiled in the United States of America","authors":"J. L. González Gullón","doi":"10.1353/cat.2012.0279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0279","url":null,"abstract":"The Catholic priest Leocadio Lobo (1887–1959) is an icon of the Spanish Civil War, but his life has never been submitted to rigorous study. His exile in the United States from 1939 to 1959 is essential to an understanding of his life. His Republican ideology, contrary to that of the regime of General Francisco Franco, was the reason for his exile. Lobo believed that it was possible to be Catholic without supporting the Franco regime, but he was unable to offer an adequate response to the religious persecution that occurred in the Republican zone during the Civil War. In the United States, he underwent rehabilitation as a Catholic priest and developed an extraordinary pastoral ministry in New York City, primarily to the Hispanic community.","PeriodicalId":44384,"journal":{"name":"CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW","volume":"98 1","pages":"726 - 750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/cat.2012.0279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66398327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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