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Three- or four-part proximal humeral fractures in middle-aged and active elderly group of patients: a narrative review of treatment options. 中年和活跃老年患者肱骨近端三或四部分骨折:治疗方案综述。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-11
Prashant Meshram, Moaz Mohammed, Saeed Althani

Background and objective: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) occur in all age groups but more in elderly population with variety of treatment options. The choice of treatment of PHFs is rather controversial in the middle-aged and active elderly population. This review article highlights the current literature on the efficacy of treatment options for PHFs in middle-aged and active elderly patients which could help surgeons in decision making in clinical practice.

Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases from January 1953 to February 2024 were searched and screened for studies, including systematic reviews, on the treatment of PHFs in middle-aged and elderly that served for narrative review of rationale behind such design.

Key content and findings: Patients with minimally displaced fractures should be treated nonoperatively. Internal fixation with intramedullary nailing is a viable option in cases of two-part surgical neck fractures, those with diaphyseal involvement and no significant displacement of the tuberosities, or pathologic fractures. Those elderly patients with displaced three- or four-part PHFs fractures with intact rotator cuff muscles should be treated with locking plate fixation if anatomical reduction of fracture fragments including tuberosity is possible, as the results after union despite avascular necrosis are favorable. Moreover, patients with failed fixation treated with salvage reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) have similar outcomes to RSA for acute PHFs. Hemiarthroplasty should be reserved for select group of young active patients with unconstructable fracture, intact rotator cuff, and good tuberosity bone stock. RSA should be offered as first option for elderly patients with poor bone stock, rotator cuff insufficiency, fracture dislocations, head-split fractures, and severely displaced 3- and 4-part PHFs.

Conclusions: The treatment of choice in middle-aged and active elderly patients with three- or four-part PHFs depends on several factors such as fracture pattern, bone quality, possibility of anatomical reduction, status of rotator cuff, and patient expectations. The success of treatment is based on patient selection while setting correct patient expectations.

背景和目的:肱骨近端骨折(PHFs)发生在各个年龄段,但更多发生在老年人群中,治疗方法也多种多样。在中年和活跃的老年人群中,PHF 治疗方案的选择颇具争议。这篇综述文章重点介绍了目前有关中年和活跃老年患者 PHFs 治疗方案疗效的文献,有助于外科医生在临床实践中做出决策:方法:检索了1953年1月至2024年2月期间的PubMed和Scopus数据库,筛选了关于中老年PHFs治疗的研究,包括系统性综述,并对此类设计背后的原理进行了叙述性综述:微移位骨折患者应接受非手术治疗。对于两部分手术颈骨折、骺端受累且小关节无明显移位的骨折或病理性骨折,髓内钉内固定是一种可行的选择。对于有移位的三部分或四部分 PHFs 骨折且肩袖肌肉完好的老年患者,如果可以解剖性缩小骨折碎片(包括结节),则应采用锁定钢板固定治疗,因为尽管存在血管性坏死,但愈合后的效果良好。此外,对于固定失败的患者,采用挽救性反肩关节置换术(RSA)治疗急性PHF的疗效与RSA相似。半关节成形术应保留给那些骨折无法愈合、肩袖完好且结节骨质良好的年轻活跃患者。对于骨量较差、肩袖功能不全、骨折脱位、头部劈裂骨折以及严重移位的 3 部分和 4 部分 PHF 的老年患者,RSA 应作为首选方案:结论:对于患有三部分或四部分PHF的中年和活跃的老年患者,治疗方法的选择取决于多种因素,如骨折形态、骨质、解剖复位的可能性、肩袖的状态以及患者的期望。治疗的成功与否取决于患者的选择以及患者对治疗的正确期望。
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引用次数: 0
Weightlessness damaged the ultrastructure of knee cartilage and quadriceps muscle, aggravated the degeneration of cartilage. 失重破坏了膝关节软骨和股四头肌的超微结构,加剧了软骨的退化。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-6
Zheng Zhou, Xu Cheng, Fan Yang, Zhihua Zhang, Kaiping Liu, Xin Zhang, Hongjie Huang, Jianquan Wang

Background: Long-term exposure to weightlessness can result in bone and muscle degradation, significantly impacting musculoskeletal function. Recent studies have also indicated damage to articular cartilage due to weightlessness. This study aims to observe the effects of simulated weightlessness on the cartilage microstructure of the quadriceps muscle and the muscular knee joint in rats.

Methods: A total of 30 rats were used in this study, of which 20 rats were subjected to simulated weightlessness by tail suspension, which may be suitable for clinical long-term bedridden patients. At 14 and 28 days, the microscopic morphology of knee cartilage and quadriceps femoris muscle was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the collagen and water content of cartilage was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. The mitochondrial activity of knee muscle and the levels of inflammatory factors in synovial fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Biomechanical and histological evaluation of cartilage was performed.

Results: On day 14, T2 mapping revealed no significant loading effect. However, transmission electron microscopy revealed altered mitochondrial inner membrane structure in cartilage, with vacuolization, disrupted endoplasmic reticulum, alongside mitochondrial ultrastructural damage in muscle. ELISA results showed that a large number of mitochondria in muscle were inactivated, and the levels of inflammatory factors in synovial fluid were increased. The staining results showed slight fracture of the cartilage surface and the type II collagen-positive cells were reduced. Nanoindentation showed that the cartilage microsurface was uneven, and the elastic modulus and hardness were decreased. On day 28, T2 mapping analysis indicated increased cartilage T2 values. Transmission electron microscopy showed alterations in the structure of the mitochondrial inner membrane in cartilage, severe vacuolization, disrupted endoplasmic reticulum, and substantial mitochondrial damage in muscle tissue. Muscle mitochondrial activity was markedly decreased, inflammatory factors levels were elevated, and the cartilage surface exhibited severe damage. The type II collagen positive cells were further reduced, the micro-surface of cartilage was uneven, and the elastic modulus and hardness were significantly decreased.

Conclusions: The weightless environment resulted in the damage of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of cartilage, mitochondrial damage of quadriceps muscle, inactivation of muscle mitochondria (P=0.01), increased intra-articular inflammation (P=0.01), decreased elastic modulus and hardness (P=0.03), and damaged cartilage surface, which aggravated cartilage degeneration.

背景:长期暴露在失重状态下会导致骨骼和肌肉退化,严重影响肌肉骨骼功能。最近的研究也表明失重会对关节软骨造成损伤。本研究旨在观察模拟失重对大鼠股四头肌和肌肉膝关节软骨微结构的影响:方法:本研究共使用了 30 只大鼠,其中 20 只大鼠通过尾部悬吊进行模拟失重,这可能适合临床上长期卧床的患者。14天和28天时,透射电子显微镜观察膝关节软骨和股四头肌的显微形态,磁共振成像评估软骨的胶原蛋白和水分含量。通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测了膝关节肌肉线粒体的活性和滑液中炎症因子的水平。对软骨进行了生物力学和组织学评估:结果:第14天,T2映射显示没有明显的负荷效应。然而,透射电子显微镜显示软骨中的线粒体内膜结构发生了改变,出现了空泡化、内质网破坏以及肌肉中的线粒体超微结构损伤。酶联免疫吸附试验结果显示,肌肉中的大量线粒体失活,滑液中的炎症因子水平升高。染色结果显示软骨表面轻微断裂,II型胶原蛋白阳性细胞减少。纳米压痕显示软骨微表面不平整,弹性模量和硬度下降。第 28 天,T2 图谱分析显示软骨 T2 值增加。透射电子显微镜显示软骨线粒体内膜结构发生改变,肌肉组织出现严重空泡化、内质网破坏和线粒体大量损伤。肌肉线粒体活性明显降低,炎症因子水平升高,软骨表面出现严重损伤。Ⅱ型胶原阳性细胞进一步减少,软骨微表面凹凸不平,弹性模量和硬度明显下降:失重环境导致软骨内质网和线粒体损伤,股四头肌线粒体损伤,肌肉线粒体失活(P=0.01),关节内炎症加重(P=0.01),弹性模量和硬度下降(P=0.03),软骨表面受损,加重了软骨退变。
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引用次数: 0
The role of anterolateral complex surgery and slope-reducing osteotomies in revision ACL reconstructions: a narrative review. 前外侧复合手术和减少斜坡截骨术在前交叉韧带翻修重建中的作用:叙述性综述。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-30
Jewel A Stone, Luke V Tollefson, Evan P Shoemaker, Robert F LaPrade

Background and objective: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) failures occur for various reasons including residual laxity, untreated concomitant injuries, poor graft quality, and high tibial slope. Various additional procedures can help to decrease revision ACLR failures including anterolateral complex (ALC) procedures and slope-reducing osteotomies for patients with high tibial slopes. This narrative review aims to review the literature on the roles of ALC augmentation procedures and slope-reducing osteotomies in the setting of patients undergoing revision ACLRs.

Methods: A narrative review of relevant literature was performed in July 2024. Studies about anterolateral complex reconstructions and slope-reducing osteotomies in revision ACLRs were included.

Key content and findings: The literature reported that lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) and anterolateral ligament reconstructions (ALLR) can be used in revision ACLR cases to significantly reduce clinical knee laxity and the risk of repeated graft failure. There is not currently a strong opinion on which ALC procedure is superior. There are reported slight differences in lateral knee pain and knee stiffness, but both similarly significantly improve clinical and functional outcomes. In revision ACLR cases that also have a high posterior tibial slope (PTS), a slope-reducing tibial osteotomy is warranted. An anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy (ACW-PTO) significantly reduces anterior tibial translation and graft failure. There is concern about the changes to patellar height, but the literature has found that such changes are either slight or absent by 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions: The risk of ACLR failure is increased by risk factors like high tibial slope, preoperative knee laxity, and prior ACLR rupture. Anterolateral complex procedures and slope-reducing osteotomies may be used to address these specific concerns and reduce the risk of graft rupture. For revision ACLR cases with lower PTS, augmentation with a LET or an ALLR to reduce the risk of graft failure and improve rotational stability may be warranted. In the setting of a revision ACLR in patients with a high PTS of ≥12°, a concomitant ACW-PTO and ALC procedure should be considered to decrease the risk of an ACLR graft failure.

背景和目的:前交叉韧带重建(ACLR)失败的原因有很多,包括残余松弛、并发损伤未得到治疗、移植物质量差以及胫骨斜度高。各种附加手术有助于减少前交叉韧带重建失败,包括前外侧复合体(ALC)手术和针对胫骨斜度高患者的斜度降低截骨术。这篇叙述性综述旨在回顾有关 ALC 增强术和斜坡减小截骨术在前交叉韧带翻修术患者中的作用的文献:方法:2024 年 7 月对相关文献进行了叙述性综述。主要内容和研究结果:文献报道,外侧关节外韧带切除术(LET)和前外侧韧带重建术(ALLR)可用于前交叉韧带翻修术,以显著减少临床膝关节松弛和反复移植失败的风险。关于哪种 ALC 术式更优,目前还没有明确的意见。据报道,膝关节外侧疼痛和膝关节僵硬程度略有不同,但两者都能显著改善临床和功能结果。在胫骨后斜坡(PTS)较高的前交叉韧带重建病例中,需要进行降低斜坡的胫骨截骨术。前闭合楔形胫骨近端截骨术(ACW-PTO)可显著减少胫骨前移和移植物失败。有人担心髌骨高度会发生变化,但文献发现,术后 6 个月这种变化要么轻微,要么不存在:结论:胫骨斜度高、术前膝关节松弛、前交叉韧带断裂等风险因素会增加前交叉韧带重建失败的风险。前外侧复合手术和减少斜度的截骨术可用于解决这些特殊问题,降低移植物断裂的风险。对于PTS较低的前交叉韧带翻修病例,可能需要使用LET或ALLR进行增强,以降低移植物失败的风险并提高旋转稳定性。对于 PTS 值≥12°的前交叉韧带翻修患者,应考虑同时进行 ACW-PTO 和 ALC 手术,以降低前交叉韧带移植失败的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic strategies for chronic lateral ankle instability: a narrative review. 慢性外侧踝关节不稳的诊断策略:叙述性综述。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-31
Kohei Kamada, Yuichi Hoshino, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masamune Kamachi, Noriyuki Kanzaki, Ryosuke Kuroda

Background and objective: Diagnosing chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) involves a comprehensive evaluation encompassing medical history, physical findings, and imaging examination. The optimal method of diagnosis of CLAI remains controversial. Therefore, the objective of this review was to summarize the current literatures regarding recent evolution and technical improvement of diagnostic methods for CLAI.

Methods: A literature regarding the diagnosis of CLAI was reviewed on PubMed, including articles written in English until May 2024.

Key content and findings: In the manual examination for the diagnosis of CLAI, the anterior drawer test is the standard evaluation for lateral ligament insufficiency. The anterolateral drawer test, meanwhile, which focuses more on lateral instability biomechanically, has also been performed. Ultrasonography is a point-of-care tool that is less invasive than stress radiography and can dynamically assess ligament integrity, making the diagnosis of CLAI more accurate and convenient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful modality that allows extensive preoperative evaluation of ligamentous properties and associated osteochondral damage, and it is essential in the preoperative diagnosis of CLAI.

Conclusions: A combination of physical examination and imaging studies is especially important to more accurately diagnose CLAI. Future research should focus on standardizing testing and measurement methods to objectively define CLAI.

背景和目的:诊断慢性外侧踝关节不稳(CLAI)需要进行全面评估,包括病史、体格检查结果和影像学检查。诊断 CLAI 的最佳方法仍存在争议。因此,本综述旨在总结目前有关 CLAI 诊断方法的最新演变和技术改进的文献:方法:在 PubMed 上查阅了有关 CLAI 诊断的文献,包括截至 2024 年 5 月的英文文章:在诊断 CLAI 的人工检查中,前抽屉试验是评估外侧韧带功能不全的标准方法。同时,前外侧牵引试验在生物力学上更侧重于外侧不稳定性,该试验也已开展。超声波检查是一种护理点工具,其创伤性小于压力放射检查,可动态评估韧带的完整性,使 CLAI 的诊断更加准确和方便。磁共振成像(MRI)是一种有用的方式,可在术前对韧带特性和相关骨软骨损伤进行广泛评估,对 CLAI 的术前诊断至关重要:结论:体格检查和影像学检查相结合对于更准确地诊断 CLAI 尤为重要。未来的研究应侧重于标准化测试和测量方法,以客观地定义 CLAI。
{"title":"Diagnostic strategies for chronic lateral ankle instability: a narrative review.","authors":"Kohei Kamada, Yuichi Hoshino, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masamune Kamachi, Noriyuki Kanzaki, Ryosuke Kuroda","doi":"10.21037/aoj-24-31","DOIUrl":"10.21037/aoj-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Diagnosing chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) involves a comprehensive evaluation encompassing medical history, physical findings, and imaging examination. The optimal method of diagnosis of CLAI remains controversial. Therefore, the objective of this review was to summarize the current literatures regarding recent evolution and technical improvement of diagnostic methods for CLAI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature regarding the diagnosis of CLAI was reviewed on PubMed, including articles written in English until May 2024.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>In the manual examination for the diagnosis of CLAI, the anterior drawer test is the standard evaluation for lateral ligament insufficiency. The anterolateral drawer test, meanwhile, which focuses more on lateral instability biomechanically, has also been performed. Ultrasonography is a point-of-care tool that is less invasive than stress radiography and can dynamically assess ligament integrity, making the diagnosis of CLAI more accurate and convenient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful modality that allows extensive preoperative evaluation of ligamentous properties and associated osteochondral damage, and it is essential in the preoperative diagnosis of CLAI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A combination of physical examination and imaging studies is especially important to more accurately diagnose CLAI. Future research should focus on standardizing testing and measurement methods to objectively define CLAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":44459,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Joint","volume":"9 ","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modular implants for revision arthroplasty in orthopedics. 用于矫形外科翻修关节成形术的模块化植入物。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-45
Giuseppe Marongiu, Giuseppe Solarino
{"title":"Modular implants for revision arthroplasty in orthopedics.","authors":"Giuseppe Marongiu, Giuseppe Solarino","doi":"10.21037/aoj-24-45","DOIUrl":"10.21037/aoj-24-45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44459,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Joint","volume":"9 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bone loss in shoulder instability and shoulder arthroplasty. 肩关节不稳和肩关节置换术中的骨质流失。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-34
Jonathan D Hughes, Albert Lin
{"title":"Bone loss in shoulder instability and shoulder arthroplasty.","authors":"Jonathan D Hughes, Albert Lin","doi":"10.21037/aoj-24-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/aoj-24-34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44459,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Joint","volume":"9 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Controversies in shoulder surgery and algorithmic approach to decision making. 肩部手术的争议和决策算法。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-10-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-39
Prashant Meshram
{"title":"Controversies in shoulder surgery and algorithmic approach to decision making.","authors":"Prashant Meshram","doi":"10.21037/aoj-24-39","DOIUrl":"10.21037/aoj-24-39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44459,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Joint","volume":"9 ","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Angiotensin II receptor blockers and their applications in orthopaedic surgery and musculoskeletal medicine. 血管紧张素 II 受体阻滞剂及其在矫形外科和肌肉骨骼内科中的应用。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-09-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-12
Edward J Testa, Phillip Schmitt, Tucker C Callanan, John D Milner, Ian R Penvose, Brett D Owens

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly prescribed for hypertension and heart failure, and have well-described antifibrotic properties throughout medical literature. The etiology and pathogenesis of fibrosis is biologically complex with a multitude of factors playing a role in the process. Consequently, pathologic fibrosis may be significant within orthopaedics contributing to post-operative stiffness and, ultimately, negative patient outcomes. The pharmacology of ARBs has been described to combat fibrosis in preclinical settings, while the literature of ARBs antifibrotic properties in relation to orthopaedics remains scarce. However, fibrosis is one of the primary factors contributing to tissue healing and functional recovery in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Fibrosis has specifically been described in relation to shoulder surgery, knee arthroplasty and hip arthroscopy. As such, outcomes of various orthopaedic surgeries are dependent upon a balance between tissue healing and stiffness, both of which may be mediated by a fibrotic response. Importantly, ARBs have recently emerged as a potential therapy to combat fibrosis-mediated stiffness in orthopaedic surgery patients. Thus, the following review article seeks to highlight the basic and clinical science of ARBs with emphasis on their implications and indications for orthopaedic surgery and musculoskeletal medicine.

血管紧张素 II 受体阻滞剂(ARB)是治疗高血压和心力衰竭的常用药物,其抗纤维化特性在医学文献中已有详细描述。纤维化的病因和发病机制在生物学上十分复杂,有多种因素在其中发挥作用。因此,病理纤维化在骨科中可能非常严重,会导致术后僵硬,最终对患者造成不良后果。在临床前研究中,ARBs 的药理作用是抗纤维化,但有关 ARBs 在骨科方面抗纤维化特性的文献仍然很少。然而,在骨科手术领域,纤维化是影响组织愈合和功能恢复的主要因素之一。纤维化已在肩部手术、膝关节置换术和髋关节镜手术中得到具体描述。因此,各种骨科手术的结果取决于组织愈合和僵硬之间的平衡,而这两者都可能由纤维化反应介导。重要的是,ARBs 最近已成为骨科手术患者对抗纤维化介导的僵硬的一种潜在疗法。因此,下面这篇综述文章旨在强调 ARBs 的基础和临床科学,重点是其对骨科手术和肌肉骨骼内科的影响和适应症。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the outcomes of syndesmotic ankle fractures treated with dynamic fixation versus static fixation versus fibular nail: a meta-analysis and systematic review. 动态固定与静态固定和腓骨钉治疗联合踝关节骨折的疗效比较:一项荟萃分析和系统综述。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-09-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-14
Thomas Cho, Amy Waters, Shiva Senthilkumar, Shradha Shendge, Jiayong Liu

Background: Syndesmotic ankle fractures occur when there is damage to the syndesmosis complex, resulting in severe pain and instability. Treatment methods include static fixation, dynamic fixation, and fibular nailing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the outcomes of these surgical interventions for syndesmotic ankle fractures.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched up until April 2024 for comparison studies that included at least two of the treatment methods and relevant functional outcomes and complication metrics. Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analyses, and a P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Risk of bias was assessed with Review Manager 5.4. and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results: Nineteen studies with a total of 1,182 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared to static fixation, dynamic fixation had a significantly higher Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) at both 1-year [standardized mean difference (SMD) =0.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22 to 0.65; P<0.05] and 2-year post-operation (SMD =0.76; 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.20; P<0.05). Dynamic fixation had a significantly lower reoperation rate than static fixation [risk ratio (RR) =0.55; 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.83; P=0.004]. Compared to static fixation, fibular nail had a significantly higher OMAS at 1-year post-operation (SMD =0.28; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.53; P=0.03). Fibular nails had significantly lower infection (RR =0.12; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.37; P<0.05) and reoperation rates (RR =0.22; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.86; P=0.03) than static fixation. Compared to fibular nail, dynamic fixation had a significantly higher OMAS at both 1-year (SMD =1.07; 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.31; P<0.05) and 2-year post-operation (SMD =1.03; 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.47; P<0.05). Dynamic fixation had a significantly higher reoperation rate compared to fibular nail (RR =20.41; 95% CI: 2.81 to 148.21; P=0.003).

Conclusions: Dynamic fixation seems to be the superior treatment method, displaying better outcomes than static fixation and fibular nailing, with the fibular nail proving to be a viable alternative. Dynamic fixation should be the first choice of treatment for those with syndesmotic ankle fractures due to its clinical advantages compared to static fixation and fibular nailing.

Level of evidence: 3.

背景:踝关节联合韧带骨折发生于踝关节联合韧带复合体受损时,会导致剧烈疼痛和不稳定。治疗方法包括静态固定、动态固定和腓骨钉。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在比较这些手术干预治疗踝关节联合韧带骨折的效果:方法:对PubMed和Embase进行了检索,检索时间截止到2024年4月,检索内容包括至少两种治疗方法以及相关功能结果和并发症指标的对比研究。使用Review Manager 5.4进行统计分析,P值≤0.05为具有统计学意义。使用Review Manager 5.4和纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估偏倚风险:共有19项研究符合纳入标准,共涉及1182名患者。与静态固定相比,动态固定在1年后的Olerud-Molander踝关节评分(OMAS)均显著高于静态固定[标准化平均差(SMD)=0.43;95%置信区间(CI):0.22至0.65;PC结论:与静态固定相比,动态固定在1年后的Olerud-Molander踝关节评分(OMAS)均显著高于静态固定]:与静态固定和腓骨钉相比,动态固定似乎是更优越的治疗方法,显示出更好的疗效,而腓骨钉被证明是一种可行的替代方法。与静态固定和腓骨钉相比,动态固定具有临床优势,应成为踝关节联合骨折患者的首选治疗方法:3.
{"title":"Comparison of the outcomes of syndesmotic ankle fractures treated with dynamic fixation versus static fixation versus fibular nail: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Thomas Cho, Amy Waters, Shiva Senthilkumar, Shradha Shendge, Jiayong Liu","doi":"10.21037/aoj-24-14","DOIUrl":"10.21037/aoj-24-14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Syndesmotic ankle fractures occur when there is damage to the syndesmosis complex, resulting in severe pain and instability. Treatment methods include static fixation, dynamic fixation, and fibular nailing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the outcomes of these surgical interventions for syndesmotic ankle fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Embase were searched up until April 2024 for comparison studies that included at least two of the treatment methods and relevant functional outcomes and complication metrics. Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analyses, and a P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Risk of bias was assessed with Review Manager 5.4. and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies with a total of 1,182 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared to static fixation, dynamic fixation had a significantly higher Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) at both 1-year [standardized mean difference (SMD) =0.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22 to 0.65; P<0.05] and 2-year post-operation (SMD =0.76; 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.20; P<0.05). Dynamic fixation had a significantly lower reoperation rate than static fixation [risk ratio (RR) =0.55; 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.83; P=0.004]. Compared to static fixation, fibular nail had a significantly higher OMAS at 1-year post-operation (SMD =0.28; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.53; P=0.03). Fibular nails had significantly lower infection (RR =0.12; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.37; P<0.05) and reoperation rates (RR =0.22; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.86; P=0.03) than static fixation. Compared to fibular nail, dynamic fixation had a significantly higher OMAS at both 1-year (SMD =1.07; 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.31; P<0.05) and 2-year post-operation (SMD =1.03; 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.47; P<0.05). Dynamic fixation had a significantly higher reoperation rate compared to fibular nail (RR =20.41; 95% CI: 2.81 to 148.21; P=0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dynamic fixation seems to be the superior treatment method, displaying better outcomes than static fixation and fibular nailing, with the fibular nail proving to be a viable alternative. Dynamic fixation should be the first choice of treatment for those with syndesmotic ankle fractures due to its clinical advantages compared to static fixation and fibular nailing.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":44459,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Joint","volume":"9 ","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recurrent peroneal tendon dislocation-the current concept of management. 复发性腓骨肌腱脱位--当前的治疗理念。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 ORTHOPEDICS Pub Date : 2024-08-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-24-10
Akinobu Nishimura, Yuki Fujikawa, Yoshiyuki Senga, Shigeto Nakazora, Chihiro Konno, Akihiro Sudo

The peroneus muscles, consisting of the peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) tendons, are vulnerable to injury at anatomically specific sites or within tendon sheaths. Peroneal tendon dislocation (PTD) is often misdiagnosed as a lateral ankle sprain as it occurs at a lower frequency than a lateral ankle sprain. Anatomical variations in the retromalleolar groove, soft tissue overstuffing, and presence of accessory peroneal muscles contribute to the etiology of PTD. PTD has been classified into four types based on injury patterns involving the superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) and fibrocartilaginous ridge. Diagnosis involves recognizing tender points and using imaging including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography. Conservative treatments, including below-knee plaster casts, have varying success rates, and some patients progress to recurrent PTD (RPTD), prompting consideration of surgical interventions. Diagnosis is easy in patients with RPTD who can reproduce the dislocation by themselves; however, in many cases, this is not possible. In such cases, ultrasonography after intrasheath injection is effective in confirming the presence of a pseudo-pouch. RPTD can be diagnosed if a pseudo-pouch is identified during ultrasonography. Surgical approaches such as osteotomy, soft tissue procedures, and groove deepening techniques are used to stabilize the peroneal tendons. Soft tissue procedures, especially SPR reattachment, have emerged as a preferred option, demonstrating outcomes comparable to those of osteotomy, with fewer complications. Intrasheath subluxation, a unique PTD subtype, is diagnosed using ultrasonography. In this type of subluxation, no damage to the SPR is observed, and the positions of the PL and PB tendons are interchanged. Surgical intervention may involve excision of the synovium and SPR repair. In cases of PTD complicated by a longitudinal rupture of the PB tendon, suturing of the torn area or tubularization of the remaining tendon for partial resection of the degenerated tendon can be performed. The purpose of this article is to describe the methods for diagnoses and management of PTD.

腓肠肌由腓骨长肌(PL)和腓骨短肌(PB)肌腱组成,容易在解剖学上的特定部位或腱鞘内受伤。腓总肌腱脱位(PTD)常被误诊为外侧踝关节扭伤,因为其发生频率低于外侧踝关节扭伤。腓肠肌后沟的解剖变异、软组织过度充盈以及腓肠肌附属肌的存在是导致 PTD 的病因。根据涉及腓骨网膜上缘(SPR)和纤维软骨脊的损伤模式,PTD 被分为四种类型。诊断包括识别触痛点和使用包括核磁共振成像(MRI)和超声波成像在内的成像技术。包括膝下石膏在内的保守治疗成功率不一,有些患者会发展为复发性 PTD(RPTD),这就需要考虑手术治疗。RPTD患者如果能自行再现脱位,诊断就很容易;但在许多病例中,这是不可能的。在这种情况下,鞘内注射后进行超声波检查可有效确认是否存在假性胃袋。如果在超声波检查中发现假性胃袋,就可以诊断为 RPTD。截骨术、软组织手术和沟槽加深技术等手术方法可用于稳定腓肠肌腱。软组织手术,尤其是 SPR 重接术,已成为首选方案,其效果与截骨术相当,但并发症较少。鞘内脱位是一种独特的 PTD 亚型,可通过超声波检查进行诊断。在这种类型的半脱位中,SPR未见损伤,PL和PB肌腱的位置互换。手术治疗可能包括切除滑膜和修复 SPR。对于因 PB 肌腱纵向断裂而并发 PTD 的病例,可对撕裂区域进行缝合,或对剩余的肌腱进行管状切除,以部分切除变性的肌腱。本文旨在介绍 PTD 的诊断和治疗方法。
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Annals of Joint
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