The incidence of reflux disease increases with age, regardless of gender. This disease is diagnosed more often in highly developed countries. In addition to acidic reflux, the discharge of alkaline intestinal contents into the oesophagus is a major problem. This study was undertaken to examine whether hydrogels prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa. The aim was to investigate the influence of chitosan and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the properties of chitosan-containing gels. Preparations containing 4.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose showed the lowest pH. These gels could be used to treat advanced alkaline reflux. The addition of chitosan to all tested gels increased their pH and dynamic viscosity. The texture tests showed the effect of the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose concentration on the adhesion work of the tested gels.
{"title":"PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GELS WITH CHITOSAN THAT PROTECT THE OESOPHAGEAL MUCOSA","authors":"K. Małolepsza-Jarmołowska","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.27.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.27.013","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of reflux disease increases with age, regardless of gender. This disease is diagnosed more often in highly developed countries. In addition to acidic reflux, the discharge of alkaline intestinal contents into the oesophagus is a major problem. This study was undertaken to examine whether hydrogels prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa. The aim was to investigate the influence of chitosan and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the properties of chitosan-containing gels. Preparations containing 4.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose showed the lowest pH. These gels could be used to treat advanced alkaline reflux. The addition of chitosan to all tested gels increased their pH and dynamic viscosity. The texture tests showed the effect of the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose concentration on the adhesion work of the tested gels.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43652320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adsorption tests in the air-lift reactor were carried out for six dyes – four anionic (RR11, RB5, RB8, and RR18) and two cationic (BV10 and BG 4) – as well as three adsorbents – chitosan flakes, chitosan in the form of beads, and modified sawdust immobilised in chitosan (adsorbent 3). The dye concentration in the inflow to the reactor in all the conducted test series was 10 mg/dm3; the amount of adsorbent was also constant at 10 g dry matter (d.m./dm3, and the flow rate was 0.1 V/h. For all tested dyes, the obtained maximum adsorption capacity was high and ranged from 3802 to 2203 mg/g d.m. for chitosan flakes, from 3312 to 2076 mg/g d.m. for chitosan beads, and from 2734 to 2148 mg/g d.m. for modified sawdust immobilised in chitosan. The immobilisation of sawdust on chitosan resulted in effective adsorption of both anionic and cationic dyes.
{"title":"USE OF CHITOSAN ADSORBENTS FOR DYE REMOVAL IN THE AIR-LIFT REACTOR","authors":"U. Filipkowska, T. Jóźwiak","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.27.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.27.006","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption tests in the air-lift reactor were carried out for six dyes – four anionic (RR11, RB5, RB8, and RR18) and two cationic (BV10 and BG 4) – as well as three adsorbents – chitosan flakes, chitosan in the form of beads, and modified sawdust immobilised in chitosan (adsorbent 3). The dye concentration in the inflow to the reactor in all the conducted test series was 10 mg/dm3; the amount of adsorbent was also constant at 10 g dry matter (d.m./dm3, and the flow rate was 0.1 V/h. For all tested dyes, the obtained maximum adsorption capacity was high and ranged from 3802 to 2203 mg/g d.m. for chitosan flakes, from 3312 to 2076 mg/g d.m. for chitosan beads, and from 2734 to 2148 mg/g d.m. for modified sawdust immobilised in chitosan. The immobilisation of sawdust on chitosan resulted in effective adsorption of both anionic and cationic dyes.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47688897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik, Ewelina Musielak, I. Nowak
This paper describes the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites based on a commercial FAU zeolite modified with chitosan. Additionally, the amount of silicon source added (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and the type of structuring agent used were modified during synthesis of the materials. The synthesised materials were characterised by the following methods: X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The obtained results confirmed the achievement of additional porosity in the synthesised materials. According to the adsorption experiments, the hierarchical zeolite-modified chitosan had a high adsorption capacity of 1.2 cm3 g-1.
{"title":"HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITES MODIFIED WITH CHITOSAN – SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION","authors":"Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik, Ewelina Musielak, I. Nowak","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.27.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.27.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites based on a commercial FAU zeolite modified with chitosan. Additionally, the amount of silicon source added (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and the type of structuring agent used were modified during synthesis of the materials. The synthesised materials were characterised by the following methods: X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The obtained results confirmed the achievement of additional porosity in the synthesised materials. According to the adsorption experiments, the hierarchical zeolite-modified chitosan had a high adsorption capacity of 1.2 cm3 g-1.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43067932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Korniienko, Y. Husak, A. Yanovska, Ş. Altundal, K. Diedkova, Y. Samokhin, Yuliia Varava, V. Holubnycha, R. Viter, M. Pogorielov
Chitosan electrospun nanofibres were synthesised in two different trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/dichloromethane (DCM) solvent ratios and then neutralised in aqueous and ethanol sodium-based solutions (NaOH and Na2CO3) to produce insoluble materials with enhanced biological properties for regenerative and tissue engineering applications. Structural, electronic, and optical properties and the swelling capacity of the prepared nanofibre membrane were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Cell viability (with the U2OS cell line) and antibacterial properties (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) assays were used to assess the biomedical potential of the neutralised chitosan nanofibrous membranes. A 7:3 TFA/DCM ratio allows for an elaborate nanofibrous membrane with a more uniform fibre size distribution. Neutralisation in aqueous NaOH only maintains a partial fibrous structure. At the same time, neutralisation in NaOH ethanol-water maintains the structure during 1 month of degradation in phosphate-buffered saline and distilled water. All membranes demonstrate high biocompatibility, but neutralisation in ethanol solutions affects cell proliferation on materials made with 9:1 TFA/DCM. The prepared nanofibrous mats could constrain the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, but 7:3 TFA/DCM membranes inhibited bacterial growth more efficiently. Based on structural, degradation, and biological properties, 7:3 TFA/DCM chitosan nanofibrous membranes neutralised by 70% ethanol/30% aqueous NaOH exhibit potential for biomedical and tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CHITOSAN ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBROUS MEMBRANES AFTER DIFFERENT NEUTRALISATION METHODS","authors":"V. Korniienko, Y. Husak, A. Yanovska, Ş. Altundal, K. Diedkova, Y. Samokhin, Yuliia Varava, V. Holubnycha, R. Viter, M. Pogorielov","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.27.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.27.010","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan electrospun nanofibres were synthesised in two different trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/dichloromethane (DCM) solvent ratios and then neutralised in aqueous and ethanol sodium-based solutions (NaOH and Na2CO3) to produce insoluble materials with enhanced biological properties for regenerative and tissue engineering applications. Structural, electronic, and optical properties and the swelling capacity of the prepared nanofibre membrane were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Cell viability (with the U2OS cell line) and antibacterial properties (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) assays were used to assess the biomedical potential of the neutralised chitosan nanofibrous membranes. A 7:3 TFA/DCM ratio allows for an elaborate nanofibrous membrane with a more uniform fibre size distribution. Neutralisation in aqueous NaOH only maintains a partial fibrous structure. At the same time, neutralisation in NaOH ethanol-water maintains the structure during 1 month of degradation in phosphate-buffered saline and distilled water. All membranes demonstrate high biocompatibility, but neutralisation in ethanol solutions affects cell proliferation on materials made with 9:1 TFA/DCM. The prepared nanofibrous mats could constrain the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, but 7:3 TFA/DCM membranes inhibited bacterial growth more efficiently. Based on structural, degradation, and biological properties, 7:3 TFA/DCM chitosan nanofibrous membranes neutralised by 70% ethanol/30% aqueous NaOH exhibit potential for biomedical and tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47096728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc pollution in wastewater is a global problem because it is highly toxic. Zinc is commonly used in industries that transfer the water containing zinc directly into water sources, leading to pollution. Exposure to a high level of zinc causes major health problems. This study evaluated the adsorption of zinc ions from aqueous system using modified biopolymers of chitosan by crosslinking with sulphates using the batch adsorption method; the concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The sulphate cross-linked chitosan (SCC) was characterised by several method. The effects of various experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were investigated. Under the optimised conditions, the percentage efficiency for the removal of zinc(II) was up to 85%. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to analyse the equilibrium adsorption data along with kinetic studies. Various thermodynamic parameters have also been reported.
{"title":"A GREEN METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF ZINC(II) IONS FROM WASTEWATER USING MODIFED BIOPOLYMERS","authors":"C. Jeyaseelan, Antil Jain, R. Jugade","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.26.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.26.009","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc pollution in wastewater is a global problem because it is highly toxic. Zinc is commonly used in industries that transfer the water containing zinc directly into water sources, leading to pollution. Exposure to a high level of zinc causes major health problems. This study evaluated the adsorption of zinc ions from aqueous system using modified biopolymers of chitosan by crosslinking with sulphates using the batch adsorption method; the concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The sulphate cross-linked chitosan (SCC) was characterised by several method. The effects of various experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were investigated. Under the optimised conditions, the percentage efficiency for the removal of zinc(II) was up to 85%. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to analyse the equilibrium adsorption data along with kinetic studies. Various thermodynamic parameters have also been reported.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48155525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pieklarz, M. Tylman, Z. Modrzejewska, Grzegorz Galita, I. Majsterek, S. A. P. G. I. E. Konwencjonalna
Creating innovative methods of treatment and regeneration of damaged tissues or organs is a key challenge of the twenty-first century. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of producing and characterising the properties of self-organising chitosan hydrogels prepared with the use of chitosan lactate/chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate as a cross-linking agent. The structure and supramolecular architecture of the biomaterials were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and polarised optical microscopy. Biological studies assessed cytotoxicity by contact with a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The colourimetric resazurin assay showed that the obtained chitosan hydrogels are non-cytotoxic materials. Thus, self-organising biomaterialshold great promise for application in tissue engineering.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-ORGANISING CHITOSAN HYDROGELS","authors":"K. Pieklarz, M. Tylman, Z. Modrzejewska, Grzegorz Galita, I. Majsterek, S. A. P. G. I. E. Konwencjonalna","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.26.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.26.017","url":null,"abstract":"Creating innovative methods of treatment and regeneration of damaged tissues or organs is a key challenge of the twenty-first century. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of producing and characterising the properties of self-organising chitosan hydrogels prepared with the use of chitosan lactate/chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate as a cross-linking agent. The structure and supramolecular architecture of the biomaterials were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and polarised optical microscopy. Biological studies assessed cytotoxicity by contact with a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The colourimetric resazurin assay showed that the obtained chitosan hydrogels are non-cytotoxic materials. Thus, self-organising biomaterialshold great promise for application in tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47683932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitin is a naturally occurring polymer. Together with its derivatives such as chitosan, it has a wide spectrum of application possibilities, and many properties not yet exploited. Chitosan possesses many features desirable in an ideal antimicrobial polymer. It shows activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal strains that pose a challenge to modern medicine. Chitosan also shows activity against certain viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It might be used as a drug or a vaccine delivery system, is biodegradable, bioavailable and considered safe for medical use. It is important to continue exploring the potential of chitosan, as well as to investigate its sources. Indeed, many sources of this polymer are still not or have been poorly described. In this paper, we compile the current state of knowledge on the antimicrobial properties of chitosan, list alternative sources of chitin to highlight the potential of these two polymers and encourage further research.
{"title":"FROM CHITIN TO CHITOSAN – A POTENTIAL NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT","authors":"Zofia Nuc, A. Dobrzycka-Krahel","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.26.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.26.003","url":null,"abstract":"Chitin is a naturally occurring polymer. Together with its derivatives such as chitosan, it has a wide spectrum of application possibilities, and many properties not yet exploited. Chitosan possesses many features desirable in an ideal antimicrobial polymer. It shows activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal strains that pose a challenge to modern medicine. Chitosan also shows activity against certain viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It might be used as a drug or a vaccine delivery system, is biodegradable, bioavailable and considered safe for medical use. It is important to continue exploring the potential of chitosan, as well as to investigate its sources. Indeed, many sources of this polymer are still not or have been poorly described. In this paper, we compile the current state of knowledge on the antimicrobial properties of chitosan, list alternative sources of chitin to highlight the potential of these two polymers and encourage further research.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41660013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the surface microstructure of chitosan films on the contact angle. Films without plasticising additives made of chitosan or regenerated chitosan were selected for the tests. A sessile drop method based on the European Pharmacopoeia was used to determine the contact angle. Due to the method of film production, the contact angle measurements were made on both the top and bottom surfaces of the film. For chitosan or regenerated chitosan films, the method of preparation slightly affected the difference in wettability between the top and bottom of the films, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, the wettability of the top and bottom of cellulose films varied greatly depending on the side of the film. Both chitosan and cellulose films had a homogeneous structure. There were differences in the microstructure between the top and the bottom of the sample in the cellulose film, a factor that affected the contact angle and thus the wettability of the surface.
{"title":"EFFECT OF CHITOSAN FILM SURFACE STRUCTURE ON THE CONTACT ANGLE","authors":"Sylwia Jagodzińska, B. Pałys, D. Wawro","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.26.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.26.008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the surface microstructure of chitosan films on the contact angle. Films without plasticising additives made of chitosan or regenerated chitosan were selected for the tests. A sessile drop method based on the European Pharmacopoeia was used to determine the contact angle. Due to the method of film production, the contact angle measurements were made on both the top and bottom surfaces of the film. For chitosan or regenerated chitosan films, the method of preparation slightly affected the difference in wettability between the top and bottom of the films, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, the wettability of the top and bottom of cellulose films varied greatly depending on the side of the film. Both chitosan and cellulose films had a homogeneous structure. There were differences in the microstructure between the top and the bottom of the sample in the cellulose film, a factor that affected the contact angle and thus the wettability of the surface.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42833615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitosan hydrolysate was obtained using nitric acid; the prevailing fraction had a molecular weight of 30 kDa and a deacetylation degree of 95%. The effect of chitosan hydrolysate when added to potato dextrose agar (PDA) in different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/mL) was studied on the growth of the fungi Alternaria solani Sorauer, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn. A. solani was the most sensitive to the addition of chitosan hydrolysate to PDA in radial growth experiments. On days 3 and 7 of incubation, the antifungal activity of the phytopathogen growth was 69%-92% and 69%-88%, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.5-2 mg/ml.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN HYDROLYSATE ON THE FUNGI ALTERNARIA SOLANI, FUSARIUM SOLANI AND RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI IN VITRO","authors":"B. Shagdarova, N. Karpova, A. Il’ina, V. Varlamov","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.26.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.26.018","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan hydrolysate was obtained using nitric acid; the prevailing fraction had a molecular weight of 30 kDa and a deacetylation degree of 95%. The effect of chitosan hydrolysate when added to potato dextrose agar (PDA) in different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/mL) was studied on the growth of the fungi Alternaria solani Sorauer, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn. A. solani was the most sensitive to the addition of chitosan hydrolysate to PDA in radial growth experiments. On days 3 and 7 of incubation, the antifungal activity of the phytopathogen growth was 69%-92% and 69%-88%, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.5-2 mg/ml.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43444423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important issue in the treatment of vaginitis is the amount of time the drug remains on the vaginal mucosa. If the contact time is too short, the drug cannot work effectively to ensure the correct pH in the vaginal environment. This study evaluated formulations of globules containing sodium alginate, lactic acid and chitosan with different pH and rheological properties. The experimental studies revealed that it is possible to produce a preparation with optimal pharmaceutical and application properties. The use of an appropriate ratio of lactic acid to chitosan in the complex and the appropriate concentration of sodium alginate produces a preparation with excellent properties to coat the surface of the vaginal mucosa.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF HYDROPHILIC GLOBULES WITH SODIUM ALGINATE CONTAINING A LACTIC ACID– CHITOSAN COMPLEX","authors":"K. Małolepsza-Jarmołowska","doi":"10.15259/pcacd.26.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.26.015","url":null,"abstract":"An important issue in the treatment of vaginitis is the amount of time the drug remains on the vaginal mucosa. If the contact time is too short, the drug cannot work effectively to ensure the correct pH in the vaginal environment. This study evaluated formulations of globules containing sodium alginate, lactic acid and chitosan with different pH and rheological properties. The experimental studies revealed that it is possible to produce a preparation with optimal pharmaceutical and application properties. The use of an appropriate ratio of lactic acid to chitosan in the complex and the appropriate concentration of sodium alginate produces a preparation with excellent properties to coat the surface of the vaginal mucosa.","PeriodicalId":44461,"journal":{"name":"Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49474841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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