Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2147299
Rosie Brigham, S. Orr, L. Wilson, Adam Frost, M. Strlič, J. Grau-Bové
This paper proposes citizen heritage science as an effective method to gather reliable data for monitoring and documenting heritage sites. For large heritage organisations the monitoring and documentation of sites in their care presents considerable challenges;continual monitoring of smaller, unstaffed, and more remote sites is often not practical. However, heritage sites are often popular destinations that receive high levels of visitors who carry increasingly sophisticated mobile phones. It seems logical that heritage organisations capitalise on using visitors’ images to record and monitor remote heritage sites. We compare two methods for data collection: a ‘guided’ approach, in which on-site signage prompts visitor submissions;and an ‘open’ approach, in which the public is asked to send any photographs they have of the site in question. We analyse the different results in collected data from these two approaches and hope to encourage heritage institutions to set up similar projects. [ FROM AUTHOR]
{"title":"Using Citizen Heritage Science to Monitor Remote Sites Before and During the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Comparison of Two Methods","authors":"Rosie Brigham, S. Orr, L. Wilson, Adam Frost, M. Strlič, J. Grau-Bové","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2147299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2147299","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes citizen heritage science as an effective method to gather reliable data for monitoring and documenting heritage sites. For large heritage organisations the monitoring and documentation of sites in their care presents considerable challenges;continual monitoring of smaller, unstaffed, and more remote sites is often not practical. However, heritage sites are often popular destinations that receive high levels of visitors who carry increasingly sophisticated mobile phones. It seems logical that heritage organisations capitalise on using visitors’ images to record and monitor remote heritage sites. We compare two methods for data collection: a ‘guided’ approach, in which on-site signage prompts visitor submissions;and an ‘open’ approach, in which the public is asked to send any photographs they have of the site in question. We analyse the different results in collected data from these two approaches and hope to encourage heritage institutions to set up similar projects. [ FROM AUTHOR]","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41316480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2133790
R. Dorn, D. Whitley
ABSTRACT A Sonoran Desert petroglyph panel experienced an intense wildfire event in July 2021 that eroded the entire surface, removing the Hohokam-style rock art. Field observations during sampling in 1995 indicated that the panel: (1) was coated with a heavy rock varnish, (2) had a ‘fresh’ visual appearance, and (3) had some granite-derived sand (angular grus) at the panel’s base. Micron-scale back-scatter and nanoscale transmission electron microscopy of pre-fire samples revealed a minimal amount of decay (granite grussification): mainly minor grain-to-grain separation; minor internal dissolution; and a little feldspar grain cracking. Our basic finding is that even this minimal amount of grussification was enough to set the stage for the wildfire to erode the entire panel. Pre-fire micron-scale cracking may have enabled the fire’s steep thermal gradient to spall the surface. Panel erosion was likely enhanced by pre-existing grain-to-grain porosity to facilitate further fire-induced granular disintegration. Pre-fire nanoscale dissolution within mineral grains, formed along crystal defects, provided a weakness that then led to grain cracking of quartz and other granitic minerals. The implication for the conservation of rock art on granitic panels is worrisome, but clear and simple: condition assessments need to indicate whether any granitic sand occurs at a panel’s base. Given that many places experiencing climate change are also experiencing drought and enhanced risk from wildfire, the appropriate management recommendation would then be to remove all vegetation near the panel on a regular basis.
{"title":"Threshold of Weathering Needed for Fire to Erode Rock Art: Case Study of a Hohokam Petroglyph, Central Arizona, USA","authors":"R. Dorn, D. Whitley","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2133790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2133790","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A Sonoran Desert petroglyph panel experienced an intense wildfire event in July 2021 that eroded the entire surface, removing the Hohokam-style rock art. Field observations during sampling in 1995 indicated that the panel: (1) was coated with a heavy rock varnish, (2) had a ‘fresh’ visual appearance, and (3) had some granite-derived sand (angular grus) at the panel’s base. Micron-scale back-scatter and nanoscale transmission electron microscopy of pre-fire samples revealed a minimal amount of decay (granite grussification): mainly minor grain-to-grain separation; minor internal dissolution; and a little feldspar grain cracking. Our basic finding is that even this minimal amount of grussification was enough to set the stage for the wildfire to erode the entire panel. Pre-fire micron-scale cracking may have enabled the fire’s steep thermal gradient to spall the surface. Panel erosion was likely enhanced by pre-existing grain-to-grain porosity to facilitate further fire-induced granular disintegration. Pre-fire nanoscale dissolution within mineral grains, formed along crystal defects, provided a weakness that then led to grain cracking of quartz and other granitic minerals. The implication for the conservation of rock art on granitic panels is worrisome, but clear and simple: condition assessments need to indicate whether any granitic sand occurs at a panel’s base. Given that many places experiencing climate change are also experiencing drought and enhanced risk from wildfire, the appropriate management recommendation would then be to remove all vegetation near the panel on a regular basis.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43075034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2131077
Benjamin W. Smith, John L. Black, K. Mulvaney, S. Hœrlé
ABSTRACT This paper considers the effects of industrialisation upon one of the world’s most significant rock art sites, Murujuga (Burrup Peninsula), located in north-west Western Australia. Photographs of 26 petroglyphs taken prior to or early in the industrialisation of the area were compared with recent photographs to assess whether the presence of industry is accelerating degradation. Fifty per cent of the petroglyphs showed indications of changes, and two showed substantial damage. The bulk of the changes can be attributed directly to industrial activity in the area which commenced in the 1960s. All changed petroglyphs, with two exceptions, were in relative proximity to industry. A reduction in industrial emissions is considered essential if damage to the rock art is to be limited and this iconic cultural place is to remain largely intact for future generations.
{"title":"Monitoring Rock Art Decay: Archival Image Analysis of Petroglyphs on Murujuga, Western Australia","authors":"Benjamin W. Smith, John L. Black, K. Mulvaney, S. Hœrlé","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2131077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2131077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper considers the effects of industrialisation upon one of the world’s most significant rock art sites, Murujuga (Burrup Peninsula), located in north-west Western Australia. Photographs of 26 petroglyphs taken prior to or early in the industrialisation of the area were compared with recent photographs to assess whether the presence of industry is accelerating degradation. Fifty per cent of the petroglyphs showed indications of changes, and two showed substantial damage. The bulk of the changes can be attributed directly to industrial activity in the area which commenced in the 1960s. All changed petroglyphs, with two exceptions, were in relative proximity to industry. A reduction in industrial emissions is considered essential if damage to the rock art is to be limited and this iconic cultural place is to remain largely intact for future generations.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2021.1978168
Nevin Esin Tekin Bellibaş, Gülsün Tanyeli
The geographical zone of Teke Peninsula contains the extensively researched archaeological material of the historical-cultural impact area of the Lycian civilisation, composing a relict archaeological landscape that is the subset of the living heritage landscape. Archaeological immovables and record have produced valuable information that point out to region wide cultural phenomena and characteristics, and differing sub zones of historical narrative. The identification of these significances, and their expression in a form that communicates these meanings in a management context was the aim of this research. Through a qualitative database and significance charting, it was possible to display and narrate characteristics, textures and particularities embedded in the archaeological material. This is illustrated in examples from the region and proposed that this narrative and charting is used to inform activities and developments that modify the landscape of Teke Peninsula, as well as define areas in need of active management and policy requirements.
{"title":"Cultural Significance Assessment for the Archaeological Heritage of the Lycian Region","authors":"Nevin Esin Tekin Bellibaş, Gülsün Tanyeli","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2021.1978168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2021.1978168","url":null,"abstract":"The geographical zone of Teke Peninsula contains the extensively researched archaeological material of the historical-cultural impact area of the Lycian civilisation, composing a relict archaeological landscape that is the subset of the living heritage landscape. Archaeological immovables and record have produced valuable information that point out to region wide cultural phenomena and characteristics, and differing sub zones of historical narrative. The identification of these significances, and their expression in a form that communicates these meanings in a management context was the aim of this research. Through a qualitative database and significance charting, it was possible to display and narrate characteristics, textures and particularities embedded in the archaeological material. This is illustrated in examples from the region and proposed that this narrative and charting is used to inform activities and developments that modify the landscape of Teke Peninsula, as well as define areas in need of active management and policy requirements.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2133794
D. Bush
ABSTRACT The Secretary of the United States Navy recently issued instructions to revitalise the Navy Trade and Exchange Program, which had enabled the salvaging and collecting of sunken military aircraft in the past. Concerns regarding the program’s ethics and its effect on archaeological resources led to a change in the United States Navy’s policy on exchanges. Now that the program has been brought back, this paper examines its legal framework, highlights examples of shortcomings in the program’s past iteration, and anticipates future outcomes in light of the program’s revival. In addition to making explicit the realised and potential issues of this program, this paper encourages archaeologists to consider how recovery fits within overall site management strategies and to properly articulate to policymakers and the general public the case for in situ preservation.
{"title":"The United States Navy’s Trade and Exchange Program: Implications for Underwater Cultural Heritage","authors":"D. Bush","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2133794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2133794","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Secretary of the United States Navy recently issued instructions to revitalise the Navy Trade and Exchange Program, which had enabled the salvaging and collecting of sunken military aircraft in the past. Concerns regarding the program’s ethics and its effect on archaeological resources led to a change in the United States Navy’s policy on exchanges. Now that the program has been brought back, this paper examines its legal framework, highlights examples of shortcomings in the program’s past iteration, and anticipates future outcomes in light of the program’s revival. In addition to making explicit the realised and potential issues of this program, this paper encourages archaeologists to consider how recovery fits within overall site management strategies and to properly articulate to policymakers and the general public the case for in situ preservation.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":"23 1","pages":"123 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42735524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2148390
A. Tuzbekov
ABSTRACT In the last decade, the activities of looters have become increasingly widespread in Russia. For certain regions of a huge country, for example the Republic of Bashkortostan, this problem is of key importance. The analysis of various sources presented in this paper shows that the system of protection of archaeological sites in Russia is ineffective in counteracting looters. There are neither analytical materials nor scientific papers that objectively reflect their illegal activities in the information area. One of the most accessible sources for studying the activities of looters is virtual communities in social networks. Using a variety of software products and scientific techniques, subscribers and content of three communities of looters in the social network Vkontakte have been studied. This study concludes that social networks actively promote the practices of looters and develop effective methods and ways to avoid responsibility.
{"title":"Activities of Looters in the Republic of Bashkortostan (According to Analysis of Internet Communities in 2018–2020)","authors":"A. Tuzbekov","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2148390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2148390","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the last decade, the activities of looters have become increasingly widespread in Russia. For certain regions of a huge country, for example the Republic of Bashkortostan, this problem is of key importance. The analysis of various sources presented in this paper shows that the system of protection of archaeological sites in Russia is ineffective in counteracting looters. There are neither analytical materials nor scientific papers that objectively reflect their illegal activities in the information area. One of the most accessible sources for studying the activities of looters is virtual communities in social networks. Using a variety of software products and scientific techniques, subscribers and content of three communities of looters in the social network Vkontakte have been studied. This study concludes that social networks actively promote the practices of looters and develop effective methods and ways to avoid responsibility.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":"23 1","pages":"105 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2147679
Haitetsu Ro, F. Matero
ABSTRACT Since its abandonment in 1775, the mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi has undergone severe erosion and loss, rendering the eighteenth-century adobe church and associated mission structures difficult for the visiting public to understand and appreciate. This research examines the use of repeat photography and virtual reconstruction of Guevavi Mission to visualise and quantify deterioration of the church while also improving visitor understanding of the site. Repeat photography processed through JuxtaposeJS provides an interactive mode of viewing changes over time, while 3D modelling creates a digital reconstruction of the complex during its occupation. Both methods taken together also provide a semi-quantitative means of documenting material loss of the Guevavi Mission church over time and monitoring loss and the efficacy of current and future preservation methods.
自1775年被遗弃以来，Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi教堂经历了严重的侵蚀和损失，使得18世纪的土砖教堂和相关的教堂结构难以被游客理解和欣赏。本研究考察了使用重复摄影和Guevavi Mission的虚拟重建来可视化和量化教堂的恶化，同时也提高了游客对该遗址的理解。通过并置sejs处理的重复摄影提供了一种随时间变化的互动模式，而3D建模在其占领期间创建了复杂的数字重建。这两种方法结合在一起，也提供了一种半定量的方法来记录格瓦维传教会教堂随着时间的推移所损失的材料，并监测目前和未来保存方法的损失和效果。
{"title":"Repeat Photography and Virtual Reconstruction of Los Santos de Ángeles de Guevavi, Tumacácori National Historical Park, Arizona","authors":"Haitetsu Ro, F. Matero","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2147679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2147679","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since its abandonment in 1775, the mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi has undergone severe erosion and loss, rendering the eighteenth-century adobe church and associated mission structures difficult for the visiting public to understand and appreciate. This research examines the use of repeat photography and virtual reconstruction of Guevavi Mission to visualise and quantify deterioration of the church while also improving visitor understanding of the site. Repeat photography processed through JuxtaposeJS provides an interactive mode of viewing changes over time, while 3D modelling creates a digital reconstruction of the complex during its occupation. Both methods taken together also provide a semi-quantitative means of documenting material loss of the Guevavi Mission church over time and monitoring loss and the efficacy of current and future preservation methods.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":"23 1","pages":"145 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44420354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2132671
Alireza Anisi
ABSTRACT There are numerous archaeological sites in Iran in various conditions and sizes that so far have no clear plan for their conservation and management. One of those sites is Tepe Hissar (Fortification Hill). This article aims to describe the notion and process of formulating a conservation and management plan for this site and also the implementation of a few results of the plan in recent years. In the first stage, the location and landscape of the site and its archaeological background will be explained. The second stage establishes the significance and analyses the site by applying a SWOT matrix. In the third stage or response, the study describes the approach to achieving an appropriate plan of conservation and management for the site.
{"title":"Tepe Hissar in Damghan: A Conservation and Management Plan","authors":"Alireza Anisi","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2132671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2132671","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are numerous archaeological sites in Iran in various conditions and sizes that so far have no clear plan for their conservation and management. One of those sites is Tepe Hissar (Fortification Hill). This article aims to describe the notion and process of formulating a conservation and management plan for this site and also the implementation of a few results of the plan in recent years. In the first stage, the location and landscape of the site and its archaeological background will be explained. The second stage establishes the significance and analyses the site by applying a SWOT matrix. In the third stage or response, the study describes the approach to achieving an appropriate plan of conservation and management for the site.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":"23 1","pages":"172 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/13505033.2022.2147681
Narmin Babazadeh Asbagh, E. Tümer
ABSTRACT Interpretation has recently become a more focused topic in the cultural heritage conservation field, due to the increasing concern about the involvement of the stakeholders and the social pillar of sustainability. As the enhancement of participation of the stakeholders in the conservation processes can be achieved by increasing their awareness and appreciation of cultural heritage sites, interpretation has a considerable role in this process. This research aims to search for methods for developing interpretation approaches for cultural heritage sites through the assessment of the responses of the stakeholders. Therefore, the Medieval churches of Famagusta Walled City have been chosen as the case study for this research. Assessment of the responses of the stakeholders is accepted as a tool for developing a better interpretation of the cultural heritage buildings, preventing them from further neglect or possible extinction. This research proposes the advancement of interpretive approaches for similar undervalued and underappreciated sites.
{"title":"Cultural Heritage Interpretation: Proposals for Medieval Churches in Famagusta Walled City, North Cyprus","authors":"Narmin Babazadeh Asbagh, E. Tümer","doi":"10.1080/13505033.2022.2147681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2022.2147681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interpretation has recently become a more focused topic in the cultural heritage conservation field, due to the increasing concern about the involvement of the stakeholders and the social pillar of sustainability. As the enhancement of participation of the stakeholders in the conservation processes can be achieved by increasing their awareness and appreciation of cultural heritage sites, interpretation has a considerable role in this process. This research aims to search for methods for developing interpretation approaches for cultural heritage sites through the assessment of the responses of the stakeholders. Therefore, the Medieval churches of Famagusta Walled City have been chosen as the case study for this research. Assessment of the responses of the stakeholders is accepted as a tool for developing a better interpretation of the cultural heritage buildings, preventing them from further neglect or possible extinction. This research proposes the advancement of interpretive approaches for similar undervalued and underappreciated sites.","PeriodicalId":44482,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites","volume":"23 1","pages":"61 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42290004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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