Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230017
Manfred Sing, Pascale Roure, Mostafa Najafi, Markus Daechsel
{"title":"Philosophie in der islamischen Welt. Band 4/1: 19. und 20. Jahrhundert: Arabischer Sprachraum, edited by Anke von Kügelgen","authors":"Manfred Sing, Pascale Roure, Mostafa Najafi, Markus Daechsel","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":"101 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230022
Oleg Sokolov
Abstract Recalling the Crusades emerges as a very signficant aspect of the image of the West in the Arab thought of the second half of the twentieth and the first decades of the twenty-first centuries. This article explores the roots of the this modern anti-Crusader rhetoric in the period between the world wars, both of which drastically altered the imaginary and self-perception of the populations of the Middle East and North Africa. It traces the main patterns of using the Crusades in Arab social thought and politics in this period, analyses why such references were used in various contexts and demonstrates their connections with the heritage of the major intellectuals, littérateurs, and public figures of the Arab cultural revival ( al-nahḍa ).
{"title":"Facing the Franks Again: The Crusades in Arab Social and Political Thought (1914–48)","authors":"Oleg Sokolov","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recalling the Crusades emerges as a very signficant aspect of the image of the West in the Arab thought of the second half of the twentieth and the first decades of the twenty-first centuries. This article explores the roots of the this modern anti-Crusader rhetoric in the period between the world wars, both of which drastically altered the imaginary and self-perception of the populations of the Middle East and North Africa. It traces the main patterns of using the Crusades in Arab social thought and politics in this period, analyses why such references were used in various contexts and demonstrates their connections with the heritage of the major intellectuals, littérateurs, and public figures of the Arab cultural revival ( al-nahḍa ).","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":"102 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230021
Ömer F. Ertürk
Abstract The secularizing reforms of the republican elites in modern Turkey encountered Islamic resistance orchestrated by Naqshbandīs, who were declared enemies of the regime, repressed, and banned. The literature on how Turkish Islamists and the Naqshbandiyya have responded to republicans predominantly deals with either how they withdrew into a sort of diaspora or how they submitted and/or adapted to the republican regime. The consensus has been that Naqshbandīs played a role in inhibiting the infiltration of radical Islamic ideologies in modern Turkey. However, there is a lacuna in the literature on the Naqshbandī diaspora outside Turkey and its cooperation with transnational Islamic movements in building networks of resistance to secularism. Addressing this gap, this paper argues that some Naqshbandīs evaded republican surveillance and bans by creating an Egypt-based diasporic community, developing an Islamic cadre intended to eventually re-Islamize the Turkish state, its politics and society. Based on the memoirs and biographies of the prominent figures of the diaspora in Cairo, the study uncovers the connection between the Naqshbandiyya and other Islamic transnational movements, principally the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, at the ideological and institutional levels from the 1920s to the 1980s, to show how this cadre emerged and subsequently shaped the character of Islamism in modern Turkey.
{"title":"Naqshbandīs and the Muslim Brotherhood: Diaspora and the Rise of the Political Islam in Modern Turkey","authors":"Ömer F. Ertürk","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The secularizing reforms of the republican elites in modern Turkey encountered Islamic resistance orchestrated by Naqshbandīs, who were declared enemies of the regime, repressed, and banned. The literature on how Turkish Islamists and the Naqshbandiyya have responded to republicans predominantly deals with either how they withdrew into a sort of diaspora or how they submitted and/or adapted to the republican regime. The consensus has been that Naqshbandīs played a role in inhibiting the infiltration of radical Islamic ideologies in modern Turkey. However, there is a lacuna in the literature on the Naqshbandī diaspora outside Turkey and its cooperation with transnational Islamic movements in building networks of resistance to secularism. Addressing this gap, this paper argues that some Naqshbandīs evaded republican surveillance and bans by creating an Egypt-based diasporic community, developing an Islamic cadre intended to eventually re-Islamize the Turkish state, its politics and society. Based on the memoirs and biographies of the prominent figures of the diaspora in Cairo, the study uncovers the connection between the Naqshbandiyya and other Islamic transnational movements, principally the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, at the ideological and institutional levels from the 1920s to the 1980s, to show how this cadre emerged and subsequently shaped the character of Islamism in modern Turkey.","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230016
Mustafa Macit Karagözoğlu
A prominent genre of contemporary Salafī literature consists of critical editions of texts from the Middle Period with editorial introductions and footnotes. These editions allow Salafī editors to reinforce their views on various subjects, sometimes by criticizing the text’s author. This article analyzes Salafī editors’ critical engagement with medieval ḥadīth commentators by focusing on the problem of divine attributes in the ḥadīth commentary literature. It argues that Salafīs seek to rebut their opponents—particularly Ashʿarī ḥadīth scholars—utilizing different discursive strategies. These include rejecting mutashābih, majāz, and taʾwīl as hermeneutical categories, re-defining the concepts of bi-lā kayf and tafwīḍ, and emphasizing the inconsistencies in the Ashʿarī doctrine of divine attributes. Their footnotes also function to reinforce group identity and tradition, presenting Salafī Islam as the core of ahl al-sunna, and appealing to the Muslim public with a concrete image of God.
{"title":"Handling Theology in Footnotes: Salafī Editors on Ḥadīth Commentaries from the Middle Period","authors":"Mustafa Macit Karagözoğlu","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A prominent genre of contemporary Salafī literature consists of critical editions of texts from the Middle Period with editorial introductions and footnotes. These editions allow Salafī editors to reinforce their views on various subjects, sometimes by criticizing the text’s author. This article analyzes Salafī editors’ critical engagement with medieval ḥadīth commentators by focusing on the problem of divine attributes in the ḥadīth commentary literature. It argues that Salafīs seek to rebut their opponents—particularly Ashʿarī ḥadīth scholars—utilizing different discursive strategies. These include rejecting mutashābih, majāz, and taʾwīl as hermeneutical categories, re-defining the concepts of bi-lā kayf and tafwīḍ, and emphasizing the inconsistencies in the Ashʿarī doctrine of divine attributes. Their footnotes also function to reinforce group identity and tradition, presenting Salafī Islam as the core of ahl al-sunna, and appealing to the Muslim public with a concrete image of God.","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48845983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230015
Muhammad Abu Samra
The vast majority of studies on Buṭrus al-Bustānī (1819–83), a leading intellectual of the Arab Nahḍa, have focused on his intellectual “transitions” from the Maronite church to Protestantism and then to various secular pursuits, such as fostering a Syrian national identity, the separation of religion and politics, and supporting a political culture based on equal rights and religious ecumenism. The present article contends that the extant literature confers undue precedence to the secular over the religious in Bustānī’s intellectual biography. A balanced portrayal requires giving due weight to his engagement with religious matters, such as: a defense of Protestantism as the sole true faith; the divine character, textual integrity, and veracity of the Bible; and the rejection of Darwinism’s contradiction of aspects of his faith. The study also elucidates his explicit prejudices against Catholicism and Islam that were concomitant with his defense of freedom of conscience and support for revival of classical Arabic culture. The study shows that Bustānī strove to balance his loyalties to multiple intellectual orientations, creating tension within his own thought.
{"title":"Buṭrus al-Bustānī: Between Secularism and Christianity","authors":"Muhammad Abu Samra","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The vast majority of studies on Buṭrus al-Bustānī (1819–83), a leading intellectual of the Arab Nahḍa, have focused on his intellectual “transitions” from the Maronite church to Protestantism and then to various secular pursuits, such as fostering a Syrian national identity, the separation of religion and politics, and supporting a political culture based on equal rights and religious ecumenism. The present article contends that the extant literature confers undue precedence to the secular over the religious in Bustānī’s intellectual biography. A balanced portrayal requires giving due weight to his engagement with religious matters, such as: a defense of Protestantism as the sole true faith; the divine character, textual integrity, and veracity of the Bible; and the rejection of Darwinism’s contradiction of aspects of his faith. The study also elucidates his explicit prejudices against Catholicism and Islam that were concomitant with his defense of freedom of conscience and support for revival of classical Arabic culture. The study shows that Bustānī strove to balance his loyalties to multiple intellectual orientations, creating tension within his own thought.","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230011
M. Riexinger
{"title":"Natana J. DeLong-Bas (ed.), Islam, Revival, & Reform. Redefining Tradition for the Twenty-First Century: Essays Inspired by John O. Voll","authors":"M. Riexinger","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44963133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230009
Berenike Metzler
{"title":"Simon O’Meara, The Kaʿba Orientations: Readings in Islam’s Ancient House","authors":"Berenike Metzler","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48902553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230012
M. Rohe
{"title":"Johannes Bork, Zum Konstrukt von dār al-islām und dār al-ḥarb. Die zeitgenössische Rezeption eines Konzepts des klassischen islamischen Rechts","authors":"M. Rohe","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1163/15700607-20230006
Stéphane A. Dudoignon
{"title":"Shivan Mahendrarajah, The Sufi Saint of Jam: History, Religion and Politics of a Sunni Shrine in Shi‘i Iran","authors":"Stéphane A. Dudoignon","doi":"10.1163/15700607-20230006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-20230006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44510,"journal":{"name":"Welt des Islams","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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