Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462095
M. Smit
Arrayed waveguide gratings have found wide application in WDM links and networks. However, their major application in photonic integrated circuits still has to come. Key issues for a broad application of AWG's in photonic integrated circuits are small device dimensions in combination with a good performance and their potential for integration with semiconductor optical amplifiers and high speed modulators. The road to such a broad application of arrayed waveguide gratings is discussed.
{"title":"Progress in AWG design and technology","authors":"M. Smit","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462095","url":null,"abstract":"Arrayed waveguide gratings have found wide application in WDM links and networks. However, their major application in photonic integrated circuits still has to come. Key issues for a broad application of AWG's in photonic integrated circuits are small device dimensions in combination with a good performance and their potential for integration with semiconductor optical amplifiers and high speed modulators. The road to such a broad application of arrayed waveguide gratings is discussed.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126967410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462158
Matteo Conforti, A. Locatelli, C. Angelis, A. Parini, G. Bellanca, Stefano Trillo
We investigate temporal stability of stationary solutions for backward degenerate parametric mixing. We show that self-oscillating solutions can be obtained from properly chosen continuous wave counterpropagating inputs at fundamental and second-harmonic under general phase-mismatched conditions. The temporal oscillation period near the bifurcation points is predicted by linear stability analysis and verified by numerical simulation of the governing equations.
{"title":"Self-pulsing instability in backward parametric interactions","authors":"Matteo Conforti, A. Locatelli, C. Angelis, A. Parini, G. Bellanca, Stefano Trillo","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462158","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate temporal stability of stationary solutions for backward degenerate parametric mixing. We show that self-oscillating solutions can be obtained from properly chosen continuous wave counterpropagating inputs at fundamental and second-harmonic under general phase-mismatched conditions. The temporal oscillation period near the bifurcation points is predicted by linear stability analysis and verified by numerical simulation of the governing equations.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116667124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462133
S. Bette, C. Caucheteur, M. Wuilpart, G. Peigne, M. Blondel, P. Mégret
In this paper, we analyse the evolution with wavelength of differential group delay (DGD) and polarisation dependent loss (PDL) caused by photo-induced birefringence in uniform FBG. Analytical expression of DGD is reported. We also monitor the impact of grating parameters (physical length, index modulation and apodisation profile) on the wavelength dependency of DGD and PDL. Experimental results complete the study.
{"title":"Wavelength dependency of differential group delay and polarisation dependent loss in uniform fibre Bragg gratings","authors":"S. Bette, C. Caucheteur, M. Wuilpart, G. Peigne, M. Blondel, P. Mégret","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462133","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyse the evolution with wavelength of differential group delay (DGD) and polarisation dependent loss (PDL) caused by photo-induced birefringence in uniform FBG. Analytical expression of DGD is reported. We also monitor the impact of grating parameters (physical length, index modulation and apodisation profile) on the wavelength dependency of DGD and PDL. Experimental results complete the study.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121138217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462153
P. Pilla, L. Contessa, A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano, A. Cusano
In this work, a novel fiber optic sensor able to measure the concentration of organic analytes, in aqueous environment is presented. The proposed structure relies on the use of long period gratings (LPGs), as high sensitivity refractive index transducers, coated with thin films of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) in the nanoporous crystalline /spl delta/ form, as sensitive polymeric layer. The combination of the intrinsic and high refractive index sensitivity of the LPGs with the high sorption properties towards chlorinated and aromatic compounds of sPS /spl delta/ form allows detecting very low concentrations (in the range of few ppm) of analytes in water. Chemical detection is carried out by measuring the wavelength shift and the amplitude changes in the attenuation bands of the LPG due to analyte sorption.
{"title":"Optoelectronic sensor for chemical detection in liquid by using ultra thin polymer coating on long period fiber gratings","authors":"P. Pilla, L. Contessa, A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano, A. Cusano","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462153","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a novel fiber optic sensor able to measure the concentration of organic analytes, in aqueous environment is presented. The proposed structure relies on the use of long period gratings (LPGs), as high sensitivity refractive index transducers, coated with thin films of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) in the nanoporous crystalline /spl delta/ form, as sensitive polymeric layer. The combination of the intrinsic and high refractive index sensitivity of the LPGs with the high sorption properties towards chlorinated and aromatic compounds of sPS /spl delta/ form allows detecting very low concentrations (in the range of few ppm) of analytes in water. Chemical detection is carried out by measuring the wavelength shift and the amplitude changes in the attenuation bands of the LPG due to analyte sorption.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127559781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462093
L. Scolari, T. Alkeskjold, J. Riishede, M. Nielsen, D. S. Hermann, A. Anawati, Paolo Bassi, A. Bjarklev
We present an electrically tunable liquid crystal photonic bandgap fiber device based on a dual frequency liquid crystal with pre-tilted molecules that allows the bandgaps to be continuously tuned. The frequency dependent behavior of the liquid crystal enables active shifting of the bandgaps toward shorter or longer wavelengths. We also describe and experimentally characterize an electro-optical modulator and a birefringence controller suitable for polarization control.
{"title":"Electrically controllable liquid crystal photonic bandgap fiber with dual-frequency control","authors":"L. Scolari, T. Alkeskjold, J. Riishede, M. Nielsen, D. S. Hermann, A. Anawati, Paolo Bassi, A. Bjarklev","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462093","url":null,"abstract":"We present an electrically tunable liquid crystal photonic bandgap fiber device based on a dual frequency liquid crystal with pre-tilted molecules that allows the bandgaps to be continuously tuned. The frequency dependent behavior of the liquid crystal enables active shifting of the bandgaps toward shorter or longer wavelengths. We also describe and experimentally characterize an electro-optical modulator and a birefringence controller suitable for polarization control.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121945011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462110
D. Taillaert, R. Baets, P. Dumon, W. Wim Bogaerts, D. van Thourhout, B. Luyssaert, V. Wiaux, S. Beckx, J. Wouters
The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform allows to make ultra-compact photonic integrated circuits by means of standard processes used for silicon CMOS. Basic properties of SOI waveguides and the coupling to fiber are briefly discussed. Afterwards, various WDM-components (filters and demultiplexers) based on high-contrast nanophotonic waveguides in SOI are reported.
{"title":"Silicon-on-insulator platform for integrated wavelength-selective components","authors":"D. Taillaert, R. Baets, P. Dumon, W. Wim Bogaerts, D. van Thourhout, B. Luyssaert, V. Wiaux, S. Beckx, J. Wouters","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462110","url":null,"abstract":"The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform allows to make ultra-compact photonic integrated circuits by means of standard processes used for silicon CMOS. Basic properties of SOI waveguides and the coupling to fiber are briefly discussed. Afterwards, various WDM-components (filters and demultiplexers) based on high-contrast nanophotonic waveguides in SOI are reported.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125025822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462162
P. Pernas, J. Piqueras, G. Torchia, A. Climent-Font, F. Jaque
In this work we present results of Si/SiO/sub 2//SiON/SiO/sub 2/ waveguides fabricated by means of ECR-PECVD. In order to change refraction index and simultaneously to reduce losses related with hydrogen, we have used N/sub 2/ as precursor gas for controlling the nitrogen to oxygen relation. The composition of the samples were carefully controlled by RBS and ERDA analysis. In this paper we also present results of channel waveguides fabricated on silicon oxynitride material by using infrared femtosecond laser pulses. This approach is based on Si/SiO/sub 2//SiON/SiO/sub 2/ planar waveguides previously fabricated and show low propagation losses.
{"title":"Silicon-based waveguide materials for integrated optics","authors":"P. Pernas, J. Piqueras, G. Torchia, A. Climent-Font, F. Jaque","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462162","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present results of Si/SiO/sub 2//SiON/SiO/sub 2/ waveguides fabricated by means of ECR-PECVD. In order to change refraction index and simultaneously to reduce losses related with hydrogen, we have used N/sub 2/ as precursor gas for controlling the nitrogen to oxygen relation. The composition of the samples were carefully controlled by RBS and ERDA analysis. In this paper we also present results of channel waveguides fabricated on silicon oxynitride material by using infrared femtosecond laser pulses. This approach is based on Si/SiO/sub 2//SiON/SiO/sub 2/ planar waveguides previously fabricated and show low propagation losses.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122241607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462157
P. Pilla, L. Contessa, A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano, A. Cusano
In this work, we theoretically and experimentally investigated the cladding modes re-organization in high refractive index coated long period gratings (LPGs), focusing the attention on the influence on the refractive index sensitivity. When azimuthally symmetric nano-scale HRI coatings are deposited along LPGs devices, a significant modification of the cladding modes distribution occurs, depending on the layer features (refractive index and thickness) and on the surrounding refractive index. In particular, if these parameters are properly chosen, the transition between cladding modes and overlay modes occurs. Here, numerical and experimental results on the effect of the modes transition surrounding refractive index (SRI) sensitivity are presented.
{"title":"Long period grating coated with high refractive index layer","authors":"P. Pilla, L. Contessa, A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano, A. Cusano","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462157","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we theoretically and experimentally investigated the cladding modes re-organization in high refractive index coated long period gratings (LPGs), focusing the attention on the influence on the refractive index sensitivity. When azimuthally symmetric nano-scale HRI coatings are deposited along LPGs devices, a significant modification of the cladding modes distribution occurs, depending on the layer features (refractive index and thickness) and on the surrounding refractive index. In particular, if these parameters are properly chosen, the transition between cladding modes and overlay modes occurs. Here, numerical and experimental results on the effect of the modes transition surrounding refractive index (SRI) sensitivity are presented.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133155058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462119
V. Pruneri
A second-order nonlinearity can be induced in optical fibres through poling. We describe accomplishments of the frequency conversion, which can be performed with high EU project GLAMOROUS in making low-cost high performance electrooptic and nonlinear optical fibre- and waveguide-based components. In particular a comparison with more traditional ferroelectric based devices will be presented.
{"title":"Recent advances in poled optical fibres","authors":"V. Pruneri","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462119","url":null,"abstract":"A second-order nonlinearity can be induced in optical fibres through poling. We describe accomplishments of the frequency conversion, which can be performed with high EU project GLAMOROUS in making low-cost high performance electrooptic and nonlinear optical fibre- and waveguide-based components. In particular a comparison with more traditional ferroelectric based devices will be presented.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128242783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462115
F. Ponzini, N. Andriolli, P. Castoldi, L. Banchi, A. Bogoni, L. Potí
The optical packet switching (OPS) paradigm, where optical packets flow in the network within the optical layer, has the potential to solve the mismatch between the ever increasing link transmission capacity and the node switching capacity, limited by electronics constraints. Anyway, to make this solution feasible and cost-effective, some technological issues must be faced. In particular OPS network nodes, in analogy with current electronic packet network nodes, require some buffering capability to store the optical packets. Since optical random access memories (RAM) are not available, current solutions exploit fiber delay lines (FDL), whose drawbacks are the fixed and finite memorization time and the sequential access. In this paper we propose a novel approach for optical memories, which exploits erbium-doped fiber fluorescence. In particular, an erbium-doped fiber span serves as a one-bit all-optical memory cell associating the bit 1 to the fiber transparency state induced by a strong writing signal, and the bit 0 to the fiber absorption state without excitation. The memory state can be probed injecting a low power reading signal in the fiber span: if it reaches the output port the stored bit is 1, if it is completely absorbed the stored bit is 0. The advantages of this architecture are a long memorization time (up to millisecond range) and the possibility to read the cell at any time (rather than at fixed instants, as happens with FDL). If the memory needs to be reset, a proper erasing signal is sent to speed up the memory cleaning. Experimental results have shown the feasibility of the proposed approach: a one-bit optical memory cell with 2.5 ms refresh time, 752 /spl mu/J writing energy, 316 /spl mu/J erasing energy, and contrast ratio up to 21 dB is experimentally demonstrated.
{"title":"An optical memory cell based on erbium-doped fiber","authors":"F. Ponzini, N. Andriolli, P. Castoldi, L. Banchi, A. Bogoni, L. Potí","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462115","url":null,"abstract":"The optical packet switching (OPS) paradigm, where optical packets flow in the network within the optical layer, has the potential to solve the mismatch between the ever increasing link transmission capacity and the node switching capacity, limited by electronics constraints. Anyway, to make this solution feasible and cost-effective, some technological issues must be faced. In particular OPS network nodes, in analogy with current electronic packet network nodes, require some buffering capability to store the optical packets. Since optical random access memories (RAM) are not available, current solutions exploit fiber delay lines (FDL), whose drawbacks are the fixed and finite memorization time and the sequential access. In this paper we propose a novel approach for optical memories, which exploits erbium-doped fiber fluorescence. In particular, an erbium-doped fiber span serves as a one-bit all-optical memory cell associating the bit 1 to the fiber transparency state induced by a strong writing signal, and the bit 0 to the fiber absorption state without excitation. The memory state can be probed injecting a low power reading signal in the fiber span: if it reaches the output port the stored bit is 1, if it is completely absorbed the stored bit is 0. The advantages of this architecture are a long memorization time (up to millisecond range) and the possibility to read the cell at any time (rather than at fixed instants, as happens with FDL). If the memory needs to be reset, a proper erasing signal is sent to speed up the memory cleaning. Experimental results have shown the feasibility of the proposed approach: a one-bit optical memory cell with 2.5 ms refresh time, 752 /spl mu/J writing energy, 316 /spl mu/J erasing energy, and contrast ratio up to 21 dB is experimentally demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133827936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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