Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462144
N. Healy, C. D. Hussey
By removing the cladding on the outside of a bent single mode optical fibre and exposing a surface at a radius smaller than that of the radiation caustic, the leaky nature of the propagating mode is suppressed and bend loss is eliminated. In this paper the practical realisation of this effect is described, and a bend radius of 0.50 mm on standard telecommunications fibre is demonstrated with negligible loss.
{"title":"Removing bend loss by removing the caustic in bent single mode fibres","authors":"N. Healy, C. D. Hussey","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462144","url":null,"abstract":"By removing the cladding on the outside of a bent single mode optical fibre and exposing a surface at a radius smaller than that of the radiation caustic, the leaky nature of the propagating mode is suppressed and bend loss is eliminated. In this paper the practical realisation of this effect is described, and a bend radius of 0.50 mm on standard telecommunications fibre is demonstrated with negligible loss.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126633747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462091
D. Richardson, F. Poletti, J. Leong, X. Feng, H.E. Heidepreim, H.V. Finazzi, K. Frampton, S. Asimakis, R. Moore, J. Baggett, J. Hayes, Marco N. Petrovich, M. Tse, R. Amezcua, J. Price, N. Broderick, P. Petropoulos, T. Monro
We review our recent progress in the area of microstructured fiber design, fabrication and applications with particular emphasis on the control of both the nonlinearity and dispersion.
本文综述了近年来在微结构光纤的设计、制造和应用方面的研究进展，重点介绍了非线性和色散的控制。
{"title":"Advances in microstructured fiber technology","authors":"D. Richardson, F. Poletti, J. Leong, X. Feng, H.E. Heidepreim, H.V. Finazzi, K. Frampton, S. Asimakis, R. Moore, J. Baggett, J. Hayes, Marco N. Petrovich, M. Tse, R. Amezcua, J. Price, N. Broderick, P. Petropoulos, T. Monro","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462091","url":null,"abstract":"We review our recent progress in the area of microstructured fiber design, fabrication and applications with particular emphasis on the control of both the nonlinearity and dispersion.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127034584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462155
G. Breglio, A. Cusano, A. Irace, A. Cutolo, V. Pascazio
In this paper, we present a novel approach to increase the multiplexing capability of a multipoint fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network. Our approach is based on the possibility of exploiting the chirped-pulsed frequency modulation technique (C-PFM) to the optical pulses used to read a FBG sensor network. This technique, extensively used in radar applications, in the case of optical sensors is based on the amplitude modulation of the emitted signal (pulsed) by a chirped frequency signal and on the demodulation of the reflected signal by means of adaptive filter. The main parameters for a multiplexing systems are the minimum distance between two adjacent sensors and the cross-talk achievable. We show that the use of a well designed time shaping windowing of the transmitted pulse can improve both such parameters.
{"title":"Use of the time windowing on the chirped-pulsed frequency modulation (C-PFM) technique to improve the multiplexing performance of a fiber optic Bragg sensor array","authors":"G. Breglio, A. Cusano, A. Irace, A. Cutolo, V. Pascazio","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462155","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel approach to increase the multiplexing capability of a multipoint fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network. Our approach is based on the possibility of exploiting the chirped-pulsed frequency modulation technique (C-PFM) to the optical pulses used to read a FBG sensor network. This technique, extensively used in radar applications, in the case of optical sensors is based on the amplitude modulation of the emitted signal (pulsed) by a chirped frequency signal and on the demodulation of the reflected signal by means of adaptive filter. The main parameters for a multiplexing systems are the minimum distance between two adjacent sensors and the cross-talk achievable. We show that the use of a well designed time shaping windowing of the transmitted pulse can improve both such parameters.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115830884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462151
T. Ammer, M. Strasser, H. Studer, P. Zaina, C. Compare
We present the concept of a new type of small form factor singlemode ribbon connection for up to 12 optical fibers which achieves a mean insertion loss below 0.2 dB and a return loss above 60 dB. The system consists of two connectors, which terminate the ribbon cable ends and an adapter, which hosts an alignment element. In contrast to MT-ferrule based connectors, the fibers are neither fully fixed inside a ferrule, nor mechanically polished. Within the connector, the ribbon ends are decoated over a length of few millimeters and attached to a ceramic carrier. The fibers are glued to the carrier at the transition between the coated and decoated zone while the tips are aligned to the front edge of the carrier. In the intermediate region, which is used for the alignment, the uncoated fibers are lying unconfined on the flat carrier surface. The adapter consists of contours, which guide and pre-align the fiber carriers upon insertion of the connectors. A controlled movement assures that the fibers are sliding smoothly into v-groove alignment structures which are part of the adapter. When both connectors are fully inserted, the fiber pairs are in physical contact under a defined pressure. Since each individual mating fiber pair is centered within a common v-groove, a mean insertion loss below 0.2 dB with maximum loss values below 0.4 dB for singlemode connections has been achieved. The lateral flexibility of uncoated part of the fibers allows for a compensation of positioning errors in the order of /spl plusmn/20 /spl mu/m. Flatness tolerances of the bearing surface are compensated by use of a thin flexible membrane, which guarantees the perfect fit of the fibers in the v-grooves. For optimum mating contact and high return loss, an endface flatness in the core area below 50 nm and a length uniformity of the fibers of /spl plusmn/2/spl mu/m is required. These goals are met by employing a high precision laser cleaving process. We report measured return loss values in the order of 70 dB, The presented prototype serves as the base for the development of Huber+Suhner's new singlemode and multimode ribbon connector called FiberBus.
{"title":"Novel small form factor optical ribbon fiber connector for singlemode applications","authors":"T. Ammer, M. Strasser, H. Studer, P. Zaina, C. Compare","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462151","url":null,"abstract":"We present the concept of a new type of small form factor singlemode ribbon connection for up to 12 optical fibers which achieves a mean insertion loss below 0.2 dB and a return loss above 60 dB. The system consists of two connectors, which terminate the ribbon cable ends and an adapter, which hosts an alignment element. In contrast to MT-ferrule based connectors, the fibers are neither fully fixed inside a ferrule, nor mechanically polished. Within the connector, the ribbon ends are decoated over a length of few millimeters and attached to a ceramic carrier. The fibers are glued to the carrier at the transition between the coated and decoated zone while the tips are aligned to the front edge of the carrier. In the intermediate region, which is used for the alignment, the uncoated fibers are lying unconfined on the flat carrier surface. The adapter consists of contours, which guide and pre-align the fiber carriers upon insertion of the connectors. A controlled movement assures that the fibers are sliding smoothly into v-groove alignment structures which are part of the adapter. When both connectors are fully inserted, the fiber pairs are in physical contact under a defined pressure. Since each individual mating fiber pair is centered within a common v-groove, a mean insertion loss below 0.2 dB with maximum loss values below 0.4 dB for singlemode connections has been achieved. The lateral flexibility of uncoated part of the fibers allows for a compensation of positioning errors in the order of /spl plusmn/20 /spl mu/m. Flatness tolerances of the bearing surface are compensated by use of a thin flexible membrane, which guarantees the perfect fit of the fibers in the v-grooves. For optimum mating contact and high return loss, an endface flatness in the core area below 50 nm and a length uniformity of the fibers of /spl plusmn/2/spl mu/m is required. These goals are met by employing a high precision laser cleaving process. We report measured return loss values in the order of 70 dB, The presented prototype serves as the base for the development of Huber+Suhner's new singlemode and multimode ribbon connector called FiberBus.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129483711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462111
E. Autizi, A. Capobianco, F. Pigozzo, C. Someda, N. Argiolas, M. Bazzan, E. Cattaruzza, P. Mazzoldi, C. Sada
The work focuses on periodically poled lithium niobate crystals grown by the off-center Czochralski technique and exhibiting an appreciable second harmonic generation efficiency. Several samples have been characterized through experimental measurements of domains periods in order to find out the real period values and drifts of the border domains positions. By means of the nonlinear bidirectional beam propagation method (NL Bi-BPM), the governing equations describing the interaction between the wave at fundamental frequency and the wave at second harmonic have been integrated and the theoretical SHG efficiency was numerically determined. In order to take into account the border domain effects, the normalized efficiency was used to rescale the calculated value furnishing the real SHG efficiency. As an interesting result an efficiency of 0.5% in forward QPM SHG has been predicted for a reference structure of 0.5 mm length.
{"title":"Prediction of second harmonic generation efficiency in real periodically poled lithium niobate structures grown by the off-center Czochralski technique","authors":"E. Autizi, A. Capobianco, F. Pigozzo, C. Someda, N. Argiolas, M. Bazzan, E. Cattaruzza, P. Mazzoldi, C. Sada","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462111","url":null,"abstract":"The work focuses on periodically poled lithium niobate crystals grown by the off-center Czochralski technique and exhibiting an appreciable second harmonic generation efficiency. Several samples have been characterized through experimental measurements of domains periods in order to find out the real period values and drifts of the border domains positions. By means of the nonlinear bidirectional beam propagation method (NL Bi-BPM), the governing equations describing the interaction between the wave at fundamental frequency and the wave at second harmonic have been integrated and the theoretical SHG efficiency was numerically determined. In order to take into account the border domain effects, the normalized efficiency was used to rescale the calculated value furnishing the real SHG efficiency. As an interesting result an efficiency of 0.5% in forward QPM SHG has been predicted for a reference structure of 0.5 mm length.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122148396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462120
F. Pomarico
Evaluation of major power penalties in transmission over single mode fiber (SMF) optimized for operating at 850 nm as per well-known link model used in Gigabit Ethernet standard. Significant transmission trials are also collected.
{"title":"Recent developments on single-mode fiber optimized for operating at 850-nm: basic link model","authors":"F. Pomarico","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462120","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of major power penalties in transmission over single mode fiber (SMF) optimized for operating at 850 nm as per well-known link model used in Gigabit Ethernet standard. Significant transmission trials are also collected.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122521435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462148
P. Martelli, S. Pietralunga, M. Martinelli
The quantum limited bit error rate for optical communications systems is calculated in case of intensity modulation and optically preamplified direct-detection. The impact of optical and electrical filtering onto the effective photon-count statistics is accounted for, in correspondence to different combinations of optical and electrical filters. The optimum values of the optical and electrical bandwidths, which minimize the receiver sensitivity, are calculated and compared with the values obtained by means of the commonly used Gaussian approximation.
{"title":"Optimum filtering for optically preamplified direct detection: the influence of photon-count statistics","authors":"P. Martelli, S. Pietralunga, M. Martinelli","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462148","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum limited bit error rate for optical communications systems is calculated in case of intensity modulation and optically preamplified direct-detection. The impact of optical and electrical filtering onto the effective photon-count statistics is accounted for, in correspondence to different combinations of optical and electrical filters. The optimum values of the optical and electrical bandwidths, which minimize the receiver sensitivity, are calculated and compared with the values obtained by means of the commonly used Gaussian approximation.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116399756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1142/9789812833532_0096
V. Italia, A. Cusano, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano
In this work the behaviour of a fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) phase response subjected to longitudinal ultrasonic (US) field has been investigated. Numerical results reveal high sensitivity of the FBG phase response and thus of the time delay to US waves in the high frequency and low amplitude regime. The potentialities to extend the sensing capability of FBG sensors as high frequency ultrasonic detectors are discussed with regard to new interrogation strategies based on time delay measurements.
{"title":"Analysis of the phase response of fiber Bragg gratings to longitudinal ultrasonic fiields in the high frequency regime: towards new interrogation strategies","authors":"V. Italia, A. Cusano, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano","doi":"10.1142/9789812833532_0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812833532_0096","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the behaviour of a fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) phase response subjected to longitudinal ultrasonic (US) field has been investigated. Numerical results reveal high sensitivity of the FBG phase response and thus of the time delay to US waves in the high frequency and low amplitude regime. The potentialities to extend the sensing capability of FBG sensors as high frequency ultrasonic detectors are discussed with regard to new interrogation strategies based on time delay measurements.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122109283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462108
L. Sirleto, M. Ferrara, L. Moretti, I. Rendina, A. Rossi, E. Santamato, B. Jalali
In this paper, in order to generate radiation at 1.54 micron, an approach based on Raman scattering in porous silicon is presented. Experimental results, proving spontaneous Raman emission at 1.5 micron and tuning of the Stokes shift, are reported. Finally, we discuss about the possibility to enhance the Raman gain coefficient and to eliminate two photon absorption in porous silicon.
{"title":"Raman emission in porous silicon at 1.5 micron: a possible approach","authors":"L. Sirleto, M. Ferrara, L. Moretti, I. Rendina, A. Rossi, E. Santamato, B. Jalali","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462108","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, in order to generate radiation at 1.54 micron, an approach based on Raman scattering in porous silicon is presented. Experimental results, proving spontaneous Raman emission at 1.5 micron and tuning of the Stokes shift, are reported. Finally, we discuss about the possibility to enhance the Raman gain coefficient and to eliminate two photon absorption in porous silicon.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125371033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-22DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462135
R. Bernini, E. De Nuccio, F. Mottola, A. Minardo, P. Sarro, L. Zeni
We present the design, fabrication and applications of integrated hollow core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Differently from conventional waveguides, in ARROW waveguides the field is not confined in the core region by total internal reflection but by dielectric cladding layers designed to form high reflectivity Fabry-Perot mirrors. This peculiar structure offers some unique properties that make it very attractive for photonics integrated circuits. In particular in these waveguides the core has a refractive index lower than the one of the cladding layers, permitting the realization of hollow waveguides without metal walls. These waveguides can be successfully used in several application fields, ranging from telecommunications to sensors. Here, we report the realization of an integrated optical refractometer based on a simple hollow ARROW waveguide.
{"title":"Design, fabrication and characterization of integrated antiresonant hollow core waveguides for photonics integrated circuits","authors":"R. Bernini, E. De Nuccio, F. Mottola, A. Minardo, P. Sarro, L. Zeni","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2005.1462135","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design, fabrication and applications of integrated hollow core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Differently from conventional waveguides, in ARROW waveguides the field is not confined in the core region by total internal reflection but by dielectric cladding layers designed to form high reflectivity Fabry-Perot mirrors. This peculiar structure offers some unique properties that make it very attractive for photonics integrated circuits. In particular in these waveguides the core has a refractive index lower than the one of the cladding layers, permitting the realization of hollow waveguides without metal walls. These waveguides can be successfully used in several application fields, ranging from telecommunications to sensors. Here, we report the realization of an integrated optical refractometer based on a simple hollow ARROW waveguide.","PeriodicalId":445290,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibres and Optical Passive Components, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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