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Organization Development and Performance: The Impact of Employee Benefit Programs on Employee Work Behavior 组织发展与绩效:员工福利计划对员工工作行为的影响
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.52633/jemi.v4i1.181
A. Khattak
Employee Work Behaviour (EWB) is a critical aspect of organizational culture that has a substantial impact on productivity and performance. Employees are expected to behave positively at work in order to build and maintain a healthy corporate culture. Employee benefit programs are implemented by companies to increase employee commitment and performance. Employee Commitment (EC) is another important cultural attribute of a high-performing workplace. The impact of the Employee Old-Age Benefit Institute (EOBI) (Old Age Pension) on EWB was investigated, as well as the involvement of EC as a mediating factor. A quantitative research approach was used to assess the impact of EOBI (Old-Age Pension) on EWB. All EOBI-registered business units in Lahore, Pakistan, make up the population. The list of business units was provided by the EOBI office in Lahore, Pakistan. We chose a sample of 145 units from a sampling frame of five hundred using a basic random sampling approach. The study's findings demonstrate a positive and substantial relationship between EOBI (Old Age Pension) and EWB, as well as a positive and significant relationship between EC and EWB. The EC partially mediates the relationship between EOBI (Old Age Pension) and EWB. employee benefit programmes are suggested as a way to improve job performance and dedication, according to the study's findings.
员工工作行为(EWB)是组织文化的一个重要方面,对生产力和绩效有重大影响。公司希望员工在工作中表现积极,以建立和维护健康的企业文化。公司实施员工福利计划是为了提高员工的承诺和绩效。员工承诺(EC)是高绩效工作场所的另一个重要文化属性。研究了员工养老福利制度(EOBI)对员工工作环境的影响,并考察了EC作为中介因素的参与。本文采用定量研究的方法来评估养老保险对EWB的影响。所有在巴基斯坦拉合尔注册的eobi企业单位构成了人口。业务单位清单由EOBI驻巴基斯坦拉合尔办事处提供。我们使用基本的随机抽样方法,从500个采样框中选择了145个样本。研究结果表明,EOBI (Old Age Pension)与EWB之间存在显著正相关关系,EC与EWB之间存在显著正相关关系。EC在EOBI (Old Age Pension)与EWB之间起到部分中介作用。研究发现,员工福利计划被认为是提高工作表现和奉献精神的一种方式。
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引用次数: 1
Role of Transformational Leadership Style of Accounting Professionals towards Subordinates Performance, OCB, and Innovation: Mediating Effect of Integrity and Thriving 会计专业人员变革型领导风格对下属绩效、公民责任与创新的作用:诚信与繁荣的中介效应
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.52633/jemi.v4i1.147
S. Wasim, Mustaghis Ur Rehman
This study aims to examine the role of the transformational leadership (TL) style of accounting professionals towards subordinates’ performance, organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), and innovation with the mediating role of integrity and thriving at the workplace in Karachi. A clustered sample of 471 accounting professionals has participated in the research based on the nonprobability convenience sampling method. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed as a data collection instrument while the survey method was used to collect responses from the sample population. PLS-SEM has been employed in the study for data analysis using Smart PLS. The results demonstrate that integrity has a positive effect on performance, OCB has a negative but insignificant effect on performance whereas TL has a positive effect on integrity, integrity at the workplace (IWB), and thriving at the workplace. As far as mediation effects are concerned, it was found that TL has a positive effect on IWB with the mediation of thriving at the workplace, has a positive but insignificant effect on OCB with the mediation of thriving at the workplace, has a positive effect on performance with the mediation of integrity, has a positive but insignificant effect on performance with the sequential mediation of thriving at workplace and OCB, and has a positive effect on performance with the mediation of thriving at the workplace. Furthermore, thriving at the workplace has a positive effect on IWB and performance, and has a positive but insignificant effect on OCB as well as has a positive but insignificant relationship with the mediation of OCB and TL. The study findings propose that the managers should focus on developing a conducive network to help the organization strive. Moreover, the focus should be driven towards employees’ learning to share their views with fellow auditors whereas the controllers should discuss the intended primary purposes and nature of organizational financial targets.
本研究旨在研究卡拉奇会计专业人员的变革型领导(TL)风格对下属绩效、组织公民行为(OCB)和创新的作用,并以诚信和繁荣为中介作用。采用非概率便利抽样方法,对471名会计专业人员进行了聚类抽样研究。一个五点李克特量表问卷被开发作为数据收集工具,而调查方法被用来收集样本人群的反应。本研究采用PLS- sem对智能PLS进行数据分析,结果表明诚信对绩效有积极影响,组织行为对绩效有负向但不显著的影响,而TL对诚信、工作场所诚信(IWB)和工作场所繁荣有积极影响。在中介效应方面,研究发现:在工作场所繁荣的中介下,TL对IWB有正向影响;在工作场所繁荣的中介下,TL对OCB有正向但不显著的影响;在诚信的中介下,TL对绩效有正向影响;在工作场所繁荣和OCB的序贯中介下,TL对绩效有正向但不显著的影响;并且在工作场所表现良好的中介作用下对绩效有积极影响。此外,工作场所的繁荣对IWB和绩效有正向影响,对OCB有正向但不显著的影响,对OCB和TL的中介作用有正向但不显著的关系。研究结果表明,管理者应注重建立一个有利于组织努力的网络。此外,重点应放在员工学习与其他审计师分享他们的观点上,而控制人员应讨论组织财务目标的预期主要目的和性质。
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引用次数: 4
Interactional Justice and Deviant Workplace Behavior: The Mediating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support in Hotel Industry of KP-Pakistan 互动公正与职场越轨行为:知觉主管支持在kp -巴基斯坦酒店业的中介作用
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.52633/jemi.v4i1.121
Nasib Dar, W. Rahman
In the field of organizational behaviour, interactional justice and perceived supervisor support have a critical role in directing employees’ behaviour in either positive or negative direction. Keeping this in mind, this paper looks at the effect of interactional injustice on employees’ deviant behaviour with perceived supervisor support as a mediator. To link the study variables, equity and social exchange theories were used. The extensive literature on destructive deviance has been reviewed. To empirically test the relationship, a two-phase sampling technique (first clustering and then purposive) was applied through which 160 responses from the Hotel and Tourism industry of KP province were collected. A single structured adapted questionnaire was employed. The findings of the study reveal the presence of a negative relationship between interactional justice and deviant workplace behaviour. Further, the results demonstrated that perceived supervisor support mediates this relationship. All the results of the study are statistically significant. The study has theoretical as well as practical implications. Theoretically, the results of the study would help the organizational behaviour scholars to understand the issue in a different organizational environment. Practically, the findings will assist managers to understand the critical role of the supervisor which is instrumental in enhancing the morale of employees at the workplace. This will help them understand how supervisor support can affect the frequency and intensity of deviant workplace behaviour. The study has some limitations like sampling, subjective opinion of the participants, and limited numbers of the variables. In future, this research can be replicated in other sectors like education, health, banking, and other industries.
在组织行为学领域,互动公平和感知主管支持在引导员工行为向积极或消极方向发展方面起着关键作用。考虑到这一点,本文着眼于互动不公正对员工越轨行为的影响,并将感知到的主管支持作为中介。为了将研究变量联系起来,我们使用了公平和社会交换理论。对破坏性偏差的大量文献进行了综述。为了实证检验这种关系,采用了两阶段抽样技术(首先是聚类,然后是目的),通过该技术收集了KP省酒店和旅游业的160份回复。采用单一结构的适应性问卷。研究结果揭示了互动公正与职场越轨行为之间存在负相关关系。此外,研究结果表明,感知到的上司支持在这种关系中起中介作用。所有研究结果均具有统计学意义。这项研究既有理论意义,也有实践意义。从理论上讲,本研究的结果有助于组织行为学学者在不同的组织环境中理解这一问题。实际上,研究结果将有助于管理人员了解主管的关键作用,这有助于提高员工在工作场所的士气。这将帮助他们了解主管的支持如何影响工作场所异常行为的频率和强度。该研究有一些局限性,如抽样,参与者的主观意见,以及有限的变量数量。未来,这项研究可以在教育、卫生、银行和其他行业等其他部门复制。
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引用次数: 2
An Empirical Study to Evaluate the Influence of Organizational Support and Job Commitment on Job Performance: An Evidence from Pakistan 组织支持和工作承诺对工作绩效影响的实证研究:来自巴基斯坦的证据
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.52633/jemi.v4i1.177
Muhammad Younis Metlo, Sikandar Ali Janweri, M. Brohi, Israr Ahmed Memon, Asadullah Kehar
In this research paper, the facts about the impact of organizational support and commitment on job performance are intended to be produced and presented. The study validates the study findings by collecting primary data from 120 respondents through questionnaire distribution using a convenient random sampling technique. This is a cross-sectional research study supported with the findings of empirical as well theoretical evidence. The data was collected using a closed-ended and self-explanatory questionnaire. According to the findings, the study found all hypotheses accepted that claim that job performance is dependent on organizational support and there is a positive relationship between the variables; job commitment has a direct and positive relationship to job performance, and both organizational support and commitment have a positive and influencing relationship with the job performance. Whereas we also identified that organizational support has a strong correlation with job performance; job commitment has also been found to have a strong correlation with job performance at a highly significant level. This bivariate correlated study has significant support for organizations based in Pakistan and in similar cultures to produce and enhance job performance while increasing job commitment and organizational support of their employees. Theoretical as well as empirical evidence strongly supports the findings of this study and recommends organizational practitioners to consider both organizational commitment as well as organizational support while making any corporate-level decision related to enhancing job performance and productivity.
在本研究论文中,组织支持和承诺对工作绩效的影响的事实是打算产生和呈现。本研究采用方便的随机抽样方法,通过发放问卷的方式收集120名调查对象的原始数据,对研究结果进行验证。这是一项横断面研究,得到了实证和理论证据的支持。数据收集采用封闭式和自我解释的问卷调查。根据研究结果,研究发现所有被接受的假设都声称工作绩效依赖于组织支持,变量之间存在正相关关系;工作承诺对工作绩效具有直接的正向关系,组织支持和承诺对工作绩效具有正向影响关系。然而我们也发现组织支持与工作绩效有很强的相关性;研究还发现,工作承诺与工作绩效之间存在高度显著的相关性。这项双变量相关研究对巴基斯坦和类似文化的组织产生和提高工作绩效,同时增加员工的工作承诺和组织支持具有重要意义。理论和实证证据有力地支持了本研究的发现,并建议组织从业者在做出任何与提高工作绩效和生产力有关的公司层面决策时,同时考虑组织承诺和组织支持。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions: Impact of Culture, Gender, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy on University Students 创业意向的决定因素:文化、性别、自尊和自我效能对大学生的影响
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.52633/jemi.v4i1.187
A. Rajar, Imamdin Khoso, M. Qureshi
The main objective of this study is to examine the socio-cultural and individual factors that influence the entrepreneurial intentions among students studying the Public Sector Universities in Sindh Province. In the cultural context, three variables i.e., collectivism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance, one variable in social context i.e., gender-role orientation and two variables in individual context i.e., self-esteem and self-efficacy are used and empirically tested through the SEM model. It was found that all three components of culture have been negatively correlated with entrepreneurial intentions. These results infer that the prevalent family culture in Sindh Province is not supportive of entrepreneurial intention as respondents found strict control of elder family members over their future career choices, depressing and a hurdle in their way to become entrepreneurs. The feminist gender orientation of an individual is found to have a negative effect on the development of entrepreneurial spirit. This stands in support of the dominant notion that masculine gender orientation is required to become a vibrant entrepreneur. Under the masculine approach, an individual prefers to have characteristics like tough, assertive, calculated and pursue material success in life; contrary to the feminist orientation which focuses on being tender, modest and pursuing the relational quality in life. The findings reveal that individuals who carry a high worth for themselves and believe in their abilities to address the challenges of running a business tend to have more entrepreneurial intentions. Lastly, the role of gender as moderator shows that the cultural barriers have a more negative impact on the formation of entrepreneurial intents of female than male students. Based on the findings of this study and informal observations from students during the field, it is recommended that the policymakers should invest in strengthening the entrepreneurial ecosystem, focusing on the provision of entrepreneurial educational infrastructure, building family & culture support structures that can help potential students enhance their self-esteem, self-efficacy and get necessary socio-cultural capital to become successful entrepreneurs.
本研究的主要目的是研究影响信德省公立大学学生创业意向的社会文化和个人因素。在文化情境中,使用集体主义、权力距离和不确定性回避三个变量,在社会情境中使用性别角色取向一个变量,在个体情境中使用自尊和自我效能两个变量,并通过SEM模型进行实证检验。研究发现,文化的三个组成部分都与创业意图呈负相关。这些结果推断,信德省普遍存在的家庭文化并不支持创业意愿,因为受访者认为长辈对他们未来的职业选择有严格的控制,这让他们感到沮丧,并成为他们成为企业家的障碍。研究发现,个体的女性主义性别取向对创业精神的发展有负向影响。这支持了一种主流观念,即成为一名充满活力的企业家需要男性化的性别取向。在男性化的方式下,一个人更喜欢拥有坚强、自信、有计划和追求物质成功的特征;与注重温柔、谦虚、追求生活关系品质的女性主义取向相反。研究结果显示,那些自我价值感高、相信自己有能力应对经营企业挑战的人往往有更多的创业意图。最后,性别作为调节因子的作用表明,文化障碍对女生创业意向形成的负面影响大于男生。基于本研究的发现和学生在实地的非正式观察,建议政策制定者应投资加强创业生态系统,重点提供创业教育基础设施,建立家庭和文化支持结构,帮助潜在的学生提高自尊,自我效能感,并获得必要的社会文化资本,成为成功的企业家。
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引用次数: 0
An analytical framework for strategic alliance formation between a cooperative bank and a fintech start-up: An Italian case study 合作银行与金融科技初创企业战略联盟形成的分析框架:一个意大利案例研究
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221844
Francesca Bartolacci, A. Cardoni, Piotr Łasak, Wojciech Sadkowski
PURPOSE: The paper aims to identify the characteristics of the entities involved, the motivations and the processes of forming strategic alliances between a small cooperative bank and a fintech start-up. The paper bridges the research gap in the literature and explains the success factors of strategic alliance between considered entities. METHODOLOGY: We applied a typical qualitative research approach that consists of two steps. The first step was to develop an analytical framework to understand the critical success factors for the strategic alliance formation between banks and fintech start-ups. In the second step, we applied the analytical framework for a case study analysis, considering the strategic alliance between the Banca Popolare di Cortona and the NetFintech start-up. FINDINGS: Our research shows that there are different motives for strategic alliance formation for banks and fintech start-ups. From a theoretical point of view, banks’ motivations are based on outsourcing, innovation, the evolution of the business model, competitive advantage, saving costs, improving service quality, and learning. The main motives for fintechs include access to customers, loans, banking license, economies of scale, trust, and credibility. In the empirical part, we found that the crucial success factors are strategic alignment and hybridization, competence and experience, cultural value and territorial closeness, and professionalism. IMPLICATIONS: The results develop the knowledge about the best conditions for cooperative banks and fintech start-ups strategic alliances. The main limitation is that the paper is based only on one case study and it is related to cooperative banks and does not embrace other groups of banks. For this reason, it can be a basis for further research in this area. The described case study can be a good example to compare other cases of such alliances. Cooperative banks and fintech start-ups involved in a strategic alliance should share the commitment at the governance level. Critical are also the procedures of the alliance formation. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This article provides two main contributions to the literature on the technology-driven transformations of the banking sector. First, we elaborated a theoretical framework of the critical success factors for the bank and fintech start-up strategic alliance formation. Second, we applied the framework with the bank–fintech start-up cooperation in the local market in Italy. Contrary to previous research, which focuses mainly on commercial banks, this article presents the relationship between cooperative banks and fintech start-ups.
目的:本文旨在确定所涉及实体的特征,小型合作银行与金融科技初创企业之间形成战略联盟的动机和过程。本文填补了文献研究的空白,并解释了考虑实体之间战略联盟的成功因素。方法:我们采用了典型的定性研究方法,包括两个步骤。第一步是开发一个分析框架,以了解银行与金融科技初创企业之间战略联盟形成的关键成功因素。在第二步中,我们将分析框架应用于案例研究分析,考虑到Banca Popolare di Cortona和NetFintech初创公司之间的战略联盟。研究发现:银行与金融科技初创企业的战略联盟形成动机不同。从理论角度看,银行的动机主要基于外包、创新、商业模式的演进、竞争优势、节约成本、提高服务质量和学习。金融科技的主要动机包括获得客户、贷款、银行牌照、规模经济、信任和信誉。在实证部分,我们发现战略结盟与杂交、能力与经验、文化价值与地域紧密性、专业精神是关键的成功因素。启示:研究结果揭示了合作银行与金融科技初创企业战略联盟的最佳条件。主要的限制是,本文仅基于一个案例研究,它与合作银行有关,而不包括其他银行群体。因此,它可以作为该领域进一步研究的基础。所描述的案例研究可以作为比较其他此类联盟案例的一个很好的例子。合作银行和金融科技初创企业结成战略联盟,应在治理层面共享承诺。联盟形成的程序也很关键。原创性和价值:本文为银行业技术驱动转型的文献提供了两个主要贡献。首先,我们阐述了银行与金融科技创业公司战略联盟形成的关键成功因素的理论框架。其次,我们将该框架应用于意大利当地市场的银行-金融科技创业合作。与以往的研究主要关注商业银行不同,本文提出了合作银行与金融科技初创企业之间的关系。
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引用次数: 2
Fintech framing financial ecologies: Conceptual and policy-related implications 金融科技框架金融生态:概念和政策相关的影响
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221841
M. Gancarczyk, Óscar Rodil-Marzábal
PURPOSE: Financial ecologies (FEs) are place-based governance forms of financial services provision, currently undergoing a transformation through financial technologies (Fintech). The idea of FEs is socially and economically relevant, since they reach toward underserved or excluded market segments and intermediate for territorial development across industries and sectors of private and public entities. At the same time, the FE remains at the early stage of conceptualization and empirical corroborations, in particular regarding how Fintech affects its core elements and related policy implications. In response to the theoretical and practical relevance, and early stage of theorizing the recent Fintech developments in the FE, this article aims to identify how Fintech frame FEs and to propose the resulting conceptual and policy-related implications. METHODOLOGY: To frame the FE concept, we used the methodological lens of construct clarity principles and the concept reconstruction. The research method includes a systematic literature review of 48 publications selected from Scopus and WoS databases. FINDINGS: We have analyzed the concept of FE according to its major elements and related concepts. The FE remains at the intersection of other outcome-oriented ecosystems that focus on territories, but it can also be treated as an independent phenomenon and research object. The idea of FE has been shaped by Fintech-driven developments in all its constituent elements with conceptual and policy consequences formulated as a set of propositions. IMPLICATIONS: The findings are relevant for future theory development and empirical corroborations of the FE. They can also enhance the integration of research communities of practice to accumulate knowledge. Despite standardization brought about by technological innovations, the availability, usefulness, and effects of financial ecosystems depend on the multiscalar spatial contexts that differ in socio-economic and institutional dimensions. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: First, the article frames the understanding of FE as financial services governance based on technological advancements and focused on territorial projects and communities. Second, the FE concept was clarified according to major properties and relationships to other adjacent ideas of spatial networking for socioeconomic development. Third, propositions and research areas were formulated for further investigations.
目的:金融生态(FEs)是金融服务提供的基于地点的治理形式,目前正在通过金融技术(Fintech)进行转型。FEs的想法具有社会和经济意义,因为它们涉及服务不足或被排斥的市场部分和跨私营和公共实体的工业和部门的区域发展的中介。与此同时,金融经济学仍处于概念化和实证验证的早期阶段,特别是在金融科技如何影响其核心要素和相关政策影响方面。为了回应理论和实践的相关性,以及将金融科技在金融环境中的最新发展理论化的早期阶段,本文旨在确定金融科技如何构建金融环境,并提出由此产生的概念和政策相关影响。方法学:我们使用构建清晰原则和概念重构的方法学镜头来构建FE概念。研究方法包括从Scopus和WoS数据库中选择48篇论文进行系统文献综述。发现:我们根据有限元的主要要素和相关概念对其概念进行了分析。生态系统仍然是其他以结果为导向的生态系统的交叉点,但它也可以被视为一个独立的现象和研究对象。金融金融的概念是由金融科技驱动的所有组成要素的发展形成的,其概念和政策后果被表述为一组命题。意义:研究结果对未来的理论发展和实证验证具有重要意义。它们还可以加强研究社区与实践的整合,以积累知识。尽管技术创新带来了标准化,但金融生态系统的可用性、有用性和效果取决于社会经济和制度维度不同的多尺度空间背景。原创性和价值:首先,本文将FE理解为基于技术进步的金融服务治理,并将重点放在地域项目和社区上。其次,根据社会经济发展空间网络的主要特征及其与其他相邻概念的关系,对空间网络概念进行了澄清。第三,提出了进一步研究的主张和研究领域。
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引用次数: 3
How funding matters: Reinitiating of New Product Development and the moderating effect of extramural R&D 资金如何起作用:新产品开发的重新启动与外部研发的调节作用
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221846
Safi Ullah Khan
PURPOSE: We examine whether financial obstacles affect the probability of a firm undertaking previously suspended (or abandoned) innovation projects for new product development (NPD), and whether extramural R&D, as well as the breadth of the types of R&D collaboration (i.e., knowledge sources), moderate the relationship between financing constraints and the probability of restarting previously suspended NPD from selected South Asian economies. METHODOLOGY: This study controls for potential endogeneity in innovation propensity and finance access by employing a recursive bivariate probit model. We also adopt an instrumental variable approach by employing a probit model with continuous endogenous regressor to account for the potential endogeneity between the breadth of collaboration partners and innovation propensity. FINDINGS: Financial obstacles significantly impact previously suspended NPD. Furthermore, extramural R&D positively affects the probability of a firm undertaking NPD projects and attenuates the relationship between financing constraints and the likelihood of restarting abandoned/suspended NPD projects, suggesting that extramural R&D alleviates financing constraints, which increases the likelihood of NPD restarts. However, the breadth of collaborating partners is not positively associated with the probability of a firm restarting NPD. This is consistent with the view that extramural R&D with diverse sets of partners is exposed to the risks of the “two worlds paradox” arising from a firm’s collaboration with universities, research institutions, and consulting firms. IMPLICATIONS: The findings corroborate the view that firms must maintain a balance between their internal knowledge base and extramural R&D to optimize innovation outcomes. Nevertheless, extramural R&D reduces the reliance of financially constrained firms on resource requirements, improves access to financing, and enhances R&D productivity in NPD. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: We provide the first firm-level and multi-country evidence of the importance of financial obstacles in the probability of reinitiating previously suspended NPD at the execution phase. Second, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between inter-organizational R&D collaboration diversity and the probability of a firm reinitiating previously abandoned (or suspended) NPD.
目的:我们研究财务障碍是否会影响企业承担先前暂停(或放弃)的新产品开发(NPD)创新项目的概率,以及外部研发以及研发合作类型的广度(即知识来源)是否会调节融资约束与从选定的南亚经济体重新启动先前暂停的NPD的概率之间的关系。方法:本研究采用递归二元概率模型控制创新倾向和融资渠道的潜在内生性。我们还采用工具变量方法,采用一个具有连续内生回归的probit模型来解释合作伙伴广度和创新倾向之间的潜在内生性。研究发现:财务障碍显著影响先前暂停的新产品开发。此外,外部研发正向影响企业承担新产品开发项目的概率,并减弱融资约束与重启被放弃/暂停的新产品开发项目可能性之间的关系,表明外部研发缓解了融资约束,从而增加了企业重启新产品开发项目的可能性。然而,合作伙伴的广度与公司重新启动新产品开发的可能性并不呈正相关。这与以下观点是一致的,即拥有不同合作伙伴的校外研发面临“两个世界悖论”的风险,这种风险来自于企业与大学、研究机构和咨询公司的合作。启示:研究结果证实了企业必须在内部知识基础和外部研发之间保持平衡以优化创新成果的观点。然而,外部研发减少了资金受限企业对资源需求的依赖,改善了融资渠道,提高了新产品开发的研发效率。原创性和价值:我们提供了第一个公司层面和多个国家的证据,证明在执行阶段重新启动先前暂停的新产品开发的可能性中,财务障碍的重要性。其次,据我们所知,这是第一个研究组织间研发合作多样性与公司重新启动先前放弃(或暂停)的可能性之间关系的研究。
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引用次数: 3
Microfinance services and MSE growth in Pakistan: The mediating perspective of social and psychological capital 巴基斯坦小额信贷服务和微型企业增长:社会和心理资本的中介视角
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221814
Muhammad Farhan Jalil, Azlan Bin Ali, Zeeshan Zeeshan
PURPOSE: In the era of globalization and competition in a vigorous market, micro and small enterprises (MSEs) look for sustainable growth by consuming diverse resources. Previous studies have identified that financial services of microfinance are essential drivers for SMEs’ survival. Yet, the feature role of other microfinance services, such as micro-credit, micro-savings, micro-insurance, training, and social networking, to achieve substantial growth of the MSE sector is still lacking, which explains why MSEs make such a small contribution to Pakistan’s economy. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to consider the impact of microfinance services on the growth of MSEs in Pakistan, as MSEs are the most vulnerable group in the country and throughout the world. Moreover, this study also identified the mediating role of social and psychological capital in enhancing the productivity of microfinance services for MSEs. METHODOLOGY: 770 respondents from metropolitan cities in Pakistan were contacted for the survey, and the response rate was 64%. After screening the data, only 357 questionnaires appeared to be completed in all respects, so they were initially fed into the computer spread and then imported for further analysis. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from 357 micro and small enterprises operating in the developing market of Pakistan. Derived hypotheses were verified through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS 21. FINDINGS: The study’s findings revealed that microfinance services have an essential role in promoting MSE growth. Microfinance institutions’ services, such as micro-credit, micro-savings, micro-insurance, and training, play an important role in the development of MSEs. Moreover, social and psychological capital are the crucial factors that partially mediate the relationship between microfinance services and MSE growth in Pakistan. The limitation of this study is the adaptation of a crosssectional design to collect the data. Longitudinal research at different time frames may present diversified results. IMPLICATIONS: The study gives the impression that institutions of microfinance, practitioners, and other policymakers should enhance their perimeter to offer microfinance services and support group-based lending or training to maximize their social and psychological capital, through which MSEs may be able to attain substantial growth. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This empirical study contributes to the literature on microfinance services and MSE growth by focusing on the mediating effect of social and psychological capital, and providing the foundation for further studies.
目的:在全球化时代和激烈的市场竞争中,微型和小型企业(MSEs)通过消耗多样化的资源来寻求可持续增长。以往的研究表明,小额信贷的金融服务是中小企业生存的重要驱动力。然而,小额信贷、小额储蓄、小额保险、培训和社交网络等其他小额信贷服务在实现小额微型企业部门大幅增长方面的特色作用仍然缺乏,这解释了为什么小额微型企业对巴基斯坦经济的贡献如此之小。因此,本研究的主要目的是考虑小额信贷服务对巴基斯坦中小微企业增长的影响,因为中小微企业是该国乃至全世界最脆弱的群体。此外,本研究还确定了社会资本和心理资本在提高中小微企业小额信贷服务生产力方面的中介作用。方法:我们联系了770名来自巴基斯坦大城市的受访者进行调查,回复率为64%。经过数据筛选,只有357份问卷似乎在所有方面都完成了,所以他们首先被输入电脑传播,然后输入进一步分析。采用结构化问卷调查的方式,对357家在巴基斯坦发展中市场经营的微型和小型企业进行数据收集。利用AMOS 21进行结构方程建模(SEM)验证了推导出的假设。研究结果:研究结果表明,小额信贷服务在促进中小微企业增长方面发挥了重要作用。小额信贷机构提供的小额信贷、小额储蓄、小额保险、小额培训等服务在中小微企业发展中发挥着重要作用。此外,社会和心理资本是巴基斯坦小额信贷服务与微型企业增长之间部分中介关系的关键因素。本研究的局限性是采用了横断面设计来收集数据。不同时间框架的纵向研究可能呈现出不同的结果。启示:该研究给人的印象是,小额信贷机构、从业人员和其他政策制定者应该加强他们提供小额信贷服务的范围,并支持基于群体的贷款或培训,以最大限度地提高他们的社会和心理资本,通过这些资本,中小微企业可能能够实现大幅增长。原创性/价值:本实证研究通过关注社会资本和心理资本的中介作用,为小额信贷服务与MSE增长的文献提供了贡献,并为进一步研究提供了基础。
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引用次数: 4
The impact of attitude towards an e-tax system on tax compliance of Vietnamese enterprises: Adoption of an e-tax system as a mediator 越南企业对电子税制的态度对税务遵从的影响:以电子税制为中介
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221812
Ha Thi Hai Do, Yen Thi Hai Mac, Hoa Thi Van Tran, Thuy Thi Le Nguyen
PURPOSE: Tax compliance is a topic of concern for many scholars all over the world. Most of them point out factors affecting tax compliance, and one significant factor is the adoption of tax compliance. However, there have not been many studies analyzing the relationship between attitude towards an e-tax system, adoption of an e-tax system, and tax compliance. This paper aims to investigate the mediating impact of adoption of an e-tax system in the association between attitude towards an e-tax system and tax compliance based on empirical evidence from Vietnamese enterprises. METHODOLOGY: On the basis of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the research model is proposed. Accordingly, hypotheses are developed and this study applies a quantitative analysis with a research sample of 435 Vietnamese enterprises. The questionnaire includes close-ended questions sent to managers or tax accounting officers at enterprises by three methods: directly interviewing, via e-mail, and via the General Department of Taxation. The collected data are then processed and analyzed by SPSS v.22 and AMOS. The study applies Cronbach’s Alpha as a tool for assessing the reliability or internal consistency of scales. Following is the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Finally, regression analysis is used to evaluate the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable and to estimate the research model. FINDINGS: There are significant direct effects of the two independent variables, attitude towards an e-tax system and adoption of an e-tax system, with the dependent variable tax compliance. Furthermore, the adoption of an e-tax system partially mediates the association between attitude towards an e-tax system and tax compliance. This mediating effect positively consolidates the impact of attitude towards an e-tax system and tax compliance. IMPLICATIONS: This paper mainly focuses on the tax compliance of Vietnamese enterprises that could be further studied with foreign enterprises that have been operating in Vietnam. Besides, the research is conducted in the context of Vietnam, thus, it is a reference for studies in other developing countries having a similar economy or tax administration. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study contributes to enhancing research associated with tax compliance, especially investigating the mediating impact of adoption of an e-tax system in the association between attitude towards an e-tax system and tax compliance of enterprises in the context of Vietnam. The findings of the study suggest some policy implications for improving tax compliance in Vietnam including (1) continuously improving the information technology infrastructure for both tax authorities and enterprises; (2) widely disseminating tax law and providing support services to enterprises; (3) upgrading the e-tax system to ensure the effective coordination between tax authorities, tax officials, enterprises, and other authorities in applying e-tax; (4) consolidating the supervisio
目的:税收合规性是国际上许多学者关注的话题。他们大多指出了影响税收合规的因素,其中一个重要的因素是税收合规的采用。然而,分析对电子税制的态度、采用电子税制与税收合规性之间关系的研究并不多。本文旨在根据越南企业的经验证据,探讨电子税收制度在电子税收制度态度与税收合规之间的中介作用。方法:在理性行为理论(TRA)的基础上,提出研究模型。因此,本研究提出假设,并以435家越南企业为研究样本进行定量分析。问卷采用直接访谈、电子邮件、税务总局三种方式向企业管理人员或税务会计人员发放封闭式问题。然后用SPSS v.22和AMOS对收集到的数据进行处理和分析。本研究采用Cronbach 's Alpha作为评估量表可靠性或内部一致性的工具。以下是探索性因子分析(EFA)。最后利用回归分析来评估自变量对因变量的影响,并对研究模型进行估计。研究发现:对电子税收系统的态度和采用电子税收系统这两个自变量与因变量税收合规性有显著的直接影响。此外,电子税制的采用部分地中介了对电子税制的态度与税收合规性之间的关联。这种中介效应正向巩固了电子税制态度与税收合规性的影响。启示:本文主要关注的是越南企业的税收合规问题,可以与在越南经营的外国企业进行进一步的研究。此外,该研究是在越南的背景下进行的,因此,它是具有类似的经济或税收管理的其他发展中国家的研究的参考。独创性/价值:本研究有助于加强与税收合规性相关的研究,特别是在越南的背景下,调查采用电子税收系统在企业对电子税收系统的态度与税收合规性之间的关联中的中介影响。研究结果表明,改善越南税收合规的一些政策含义包括:(1)不断改善税务机关和企业的信息技术基础设施;(二)广泛宣传税法,为企业提供配套服务;(3)升级电子税收系统,确保税务机关、税务人员、企业和其他部门在应用电子税收方面的有效协调;(4)加强对电子税实施的监督评估;(5)向纳税人和全体民众宣传和教育遵守税法的观念;(6)制定以税收合规为基础的税收管理战略。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Innovation
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