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Impact of HRM Practices on Teachers’ Job Performance in Private Schools of Karachi 卡拉奇私立学校人力资源管理实践对教师工作绩效的影响
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52633/jemi.v2i1.22
F. Sultan, Charlotte Vincent, Fatima Aslam
Organizations must focus on their human resource as it is essential for organizational productivity. It is the primary responsibility of human resources management to employ efficient staff, so as to provide a productive workforce to the organizations. This study is applied in Karachi to analyze the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on the job performance of schoolteachers. Although there are several studies associated with this topic because of the few HRM practices, this paper is unique because it involves the major HRM practices and relates these with educational institutes of the megacity. Data has been collected through questionnaires from teachers of primary and secondary levels which highlighted the insufficiency of HRM practices in an educational institute of Karachi, therefore, it is legitimate to consider this study as pervasive.
组织必须关注他们的人力资源,因为它对组织的生产力至关重要。人力资源管理的首要责任是雇用高效的员工,从而为组织提供富有成效的劳动力。本研究应用于卡拉奇分析人力资源管理(HRM)实践对学校教师工作绩效的影响。虽然由于人力资源管理实践很少,因此有几项研究与该主题相关,但本文是独一无二的,因为它涉及主要的人力资源管理实践,并将这些实践与大城市的教育机构联系起来。数据已通过问卷调查从中小学教师的水平,这突出了人力资源管理实践在卡拉奇的教育机构的不足收集,因此,它是合法的认为这项研究普遍存在。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of E-Recruitment on the Effectiveness of Human Resource Department in Private HEIs in Pakistan 巴基斯坦私立高等学校电子招聘对人力资源部门效能的影响
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.52633/jemi.v3i2.77
Irfan Ali Kubar, U. Sumayya, U. Amen, M. Mubeen
This study aims to expound on the concept of “E-Recruitment” and its impact on the “HR department effectiveness” in the private higher education institutions of Karachi, Pakistan. The core objectives of the research study are to determine the level of effectiveness and relationship between E-Recruitment and the HR department of private HEI’s of Karachi. A worklist can be found on industrial sectors, service sectors in the context of e-recruitment, but the research gap on educational institutions particularly Private HEI’s is still there. An in-depth literature review is discussed. The research methodology briefs that, this study was both an Explanatory and Exploratory design in nature. 2 self-developed questionnaires were utilized. Using SPSS version 25.0, the researchers performed several tests including descriptive statistics, reliability test, KMO, Bartlett’s test, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression tests. The results have proved that there is a strong positive relationship between independent and dependent variables and the relationship between them is accepted at a 5% significance level. Also, it was evidenced from interviews that E-recruitment is a cost-beneficial method, has a greater geographical reach, shortened recruitment procedures, provides reliability in the recruitment procedure, and also facilitates the selection process of the HR department.
本研究旨在阐述巴基斯坦卡拉奇私立高等教育机构“电子招聘”的概念及其对“人力资源部门效能”的影响。本研究的核心目标是确定卡拉奇私立高等教育机构电子招聘与人力资源部门之间的有效性水平和关系。在电子招聘的背景下,可以在工业部门、服务部门找到工作清单,但对教育机构,特别是私立高等教育机构的研究差距仍然存在。深入的文献综述进行了讨论。研究方法表明,本研究兼具解释性和探索性设计。采用自行编制问卷2份。采用SPSS 25.0进行描述性统计、信度检验、KMO检验、Bartlett检验、Pearson相关检验、多元回归检验等检验。结果证明,自变量和因变量之间存在很强的正相关关系,它们之间的关系在5%的显著性水平上被接受。此外,从访谈中可以看出,电子招聘是一种成本效益高的方法,具有更大的地域覆盖范围,缩短了招聘程序,在招聘过程中提供了可靠性,也方便了人力资源部门的选择过程。
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引用次数: 2
City policies to promote entrepreneurship: A cross-country comparison of Poland and Germany 促进创业的城市政策:波兰和德国的跨国比较
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20211726
Jan Fazlagić, A. Szulczewska-Remi, Windham E. Loopesko
Purpose: The policy to promote entrepreneurship plays a central role in the strategic management of cities. Therefore, the research question asks how urban policies in Poland support knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurship in comparison to German cities’ policies. Also investigated is how do Polish and German cities support entrepreneurship in different forms (including social entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, and creative industries). Methodology: To answer this question, we have adopted a multiple-case study methodology relying on multiple sources of evidence, primarily strategic documents of the biggest Polish cities in the context of cross-country comparison with selected large cities in Germany, and semi-structured interviews with decision-makers representing municipalities from the analyzed cities in Poland. Building on the concept of the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship, we refer to the approach in which spillovers of knowledge are a strategic lever through which firms distribute innovation and have profound implications for the region’s entrepreneurial activities development. Findings/research and practical implications: The research enriches our understanding of urban policies in Poland that support knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurship, and discovers the possible relationship between factors determining entrepreneurship in Polish and German cities. In all Polish and German cities, entrepreneurship was an important component of economic development strategy. However, Polish cities depend on EU funding to a much greater extent than German cities in implementing their economic development strategies. Cluster strategies in the framework of key cities’ industries were embedded in most urban policies, but a majority of Polish respondents believed that their cities should place greater emphasis on this policy. The main challenge for policy-makers is that current entrepreneurial polices should be more effective and oriented towards reinforcing the social perception of entrepreneurship, especially among young inhabitants. Originality/value: The research allowed enough data to be gathered to answer the research questions. However, future research validating the results in quantitative study is suggested. Also, some limitations in the research process were highlighted, such as a lack of personal contact with the respondents or different levels of economic development among Polish and German cities. Our research demonstrates the opportunities for knowledge spillover and sharing of good practices between the two countries.
目的:促进企业家精神的政策在城市战略管理中发挥核心作用。因此,研究问题是,与德国城市政策相比,波兰的城市政策如何支持知识溢出和企业家精神。调查还包括波兰和德国城市如何支持不同形式的创业(包括社会创业、青年创业和创意产业)。方法:为了回答这个问题,我们采用了多案例研究方法,依赖于多种证据来源,主要是波兰最大城市的战略文件,在与选定的德国大城市进行跨国比较的背景下,以及对波兰被分析城市代表市政当局的决策者进行半结构化访谈。在创业知识溢出理论的基础上,我们认为知识溢出是企业分配创新的战略杠杆,对区域创业活动的发展具有深远的影响。研究结果/研究和实践意义:本研究丰富了我们对波兰支持知识溢出和创业的城市政策的理解,并发现了波兰和德国城市中决定创业的因素之间可能存在的关系。在所有波兰和德国城市,企业家精神是经济发展战略的重要组成部分。然而,波兰城市在实施其经济发展战略时对欧盟资金的依赖程度远高于德国城市。在主要城市工业框架内的集群战略被纳入大多数城市政策,但大多数波兰受访者认为,他们的城市应该更加重视这一政策。决策者面临的主要挑战是,目前的企业政策应更加有效,并着眼于加强社会对企业精神的认识,特别是在青年居民中。原创性/价值:研究允许收集足够的数据来回答研究问题。然而,建议进一步的研究来验证定量研究的结果。此外,还强调了研究过程中的一些局限性,例如缺乏与受访者的个人接触,或者波兰和德国城市之间的经济发展水平不同。我们的研究表明,两国之间存在知识溢出和分享良好实践的机会。
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引用次数: 1
The moderating role of self-efficacy on the cognitive process of entrepreneurship: An empirical study in Vietnam 自我效能感对创业认知过程的调节作用:越南实证研究
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20211715
Duong Cong Doanh
Purpose: This study investigates the moderating role of self-efficacy on the cognitive process of entrepreneurship among Vietnamese students. Specifically, this study explores the moderating effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the relationships between attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to become entrepreneurs. Methodology: By adapting the theory of planned behavior and using data collected from 2218 students in Vietnam, the author utilizes a meta-analytic path analysis in order to show that entrepreneurial intention is strongly influenced by attitude towards entrepreneurship, followed by self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control. Particularly, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the model fit and hypothesis. Findings: The study indicates that subjective norms have both direct and indirect effects on entrepreneurship intention. Moreover, although the moderating impacts of self-efficacy on the relationships between subjective norms and perceived behavioral control is insignificant, the research study indicates that self-efficacy moderates the correlation between attitude towards entrepreneurship and start-up intention. Implications for theory and practice: Besides its contributions to entrepreneurship literature, this study also contributes to practices and implications at universities in Vietnam. Originality and value: These findings also illustrate that the theory of planned behavior can be appropriately implemented in the research context of emerging economies such as Vietnam. In addition, the study shows that the relationship between attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention is moderated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy.
目的:本研究探讨自我效能感对越南大学生创业认知过程的调节作用。具体而言,本研究探讨了创业自我效能感对创业态度、主观规范、感知行为控制和创业意向之间关系的调节作用。研究方法:采用计划行为理论,利用越南2218名学生的数据,采用元分析路径分析,表明创业意向受创业态度的强烈影响,其次是自我效能感和感知行为控制。利用结构方程模型(SEM)对模型的拟合和假设进行了检验。研究发现:主观规范对创业意愿有直接和间接的影响。此外,尽管自我效能感对主观规范与行为控制知觉之间的调节作用不显著,但本研究表明,自我效能感对创业态度与创业意向之间的关系具有调节作用。理论与实践启示:除了对创业文献的贡献外,本研究也有助于越南大学的实践和启示。原创性和价值:这些发现也说明计划行为理论可以在越南等新兴经济体的研究背景下适当地实施。此外,研究发现创业态度与创业意向之间的关系受创业自我效能感的调节。
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引用次数: 13
Dynamics of the evolution of the strategic management concept: From the planning school to the neostrategic approach 战略管理概念演变的动态:从规划学派到新战略方法
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20211721
Tomasz Kafel, B. Ziębicki
Purpose: Strategic management has been developing in business theory and practice for over 50 years. Presently, it constitutes the main area of research interest in management science. The contemporary conditions of business operations create new challenges for strategic management, such as the use of dynamic capabilities in strategy building, relational strategies, networking of organizations, technology development and automation of processes, and global strategies. These challenges are often referred to as neostrategic management. The purpose of this publication is to present the findings of research concerning new strategic management concepts and challenges. Methodology: The main research method of this article was a narrative literature review. On the basis of the research, the development of the concepts as well as contemporary trends and challenges of strategic management were characterized. There is also a synthesis of the problems and research results presented in the articles in this special issue of JEMI. Findings: Various schools and approaches to strategy formulation have been created. They indicate different factors that allow for success in strategic management such as: setting long-term goals, selection of programs and their execution plans (planning school); connection of the enterprise with the environment (evolutionary school); focusing attention on competitive advantage and achieved performance (position-based school); focus on one’s own resources and competences (resource school); use of opportunities and creating innovation (simple rules school); selection of the best option and orientation in business management (real options school); or eclectic perspectives, integrating the listed approaches. The strategic management concept has two dimensions. The first dimension is related to the emergence of subsequent, new strategic management concepts, which often hark back to the previous schools and approaches. The second dimension of development applies to operationalization and adjustment of the previous concepts to the changing conditions. Implications for theory and practice: The paper characterizes the research results presented in the articles included in this JEMI issue. They deal with various problems and challenges in the field of strategic management, such as the relationship between market dynamics, market orientation and performance of enterprises; the innovativeness of companies as a contemporary strategic orientation of companies; the strategy implementation and the management of the organization change; problems of strategic management of the development of the city. Originality and value: The problems presented in the study relate to challenges and new concepts in strategic management. They enrich the existing knowledge on the development of strategic management, and also create inspiration for further research in this area.
目的:战略管理在商业理论和实践中已经发展了50多年。目前,它是管理科学研究的主要领域。商业运作的当代条件为战略管理带来了新的挑战,例如在战略构建、关系战略、组织网络、技术开发和流程自动化以及全球战略中使用动态能力。这些挑战通常被称为新战略管理。本出版物的目的是介绍有关新的战略管理概念和挑战的研究结果。研究方法:本文的主要研究方法是叙述性文献综述。在此基础上,分析了战略管理概念的发展、当代战略管理的发展趋势和面临的挑战。本特刊还综合介绍了在该杂志的文章中提出的问题和研究成果。研究发现:制定战略的各种学派和方法已经被创造出来。他们指出了战略管理成功的不同因素,如:设定长期目标,选择项目及其执行计划(规划学校);企业与环境的联系(进化学派)注重竞争优势并取得成绩(定位学校);关注自己的资源和能力(资源学校);利用机会和创造创新(简单规则学校);企业管理的最佳选择和方向选择(实物期权学派);或折衷的观点,整合列出的方法。战略管理概念有两个维度。第一个方面与随后出现的新的战略管理概念有关,这些概念通常可以追溯到以前的学派和方法。发展的第二个方面适用于对以前的概念进行操作和调整,以适应不断变化的条件。对理论和实践的启示:本文描述了在这期JEMI中包含的文章中提出的研究结果。他们处理战略管理领域的各种问题和挑战,如市场动态、市场导向与企业绩效之间的关系;企业创新是当代企业的战略取向战略实施与组织变革的管理城市发展的战略管理问题。原创性和价值:研究中提出的问题与战略管理中的挑战和新概念有关。它们丰富了现有的关于战略管理发展的知识,也为这一领域的进一步研究创造了灵感。
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引用次数: 3
Application of knowledge management tools: Comparative analysis of small, medium, and large enterprises 知识管理工具的应用:小型、中型和大型企业的比较分析
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20211745
N. Sytnik, M. Kravchenko
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of knowledge management (KM) initiatives in small, medium, and large enterprises operating in Ukraine, and to highlight the specific characteristics of KM policies, as well as the scope and intensity of KM tools application in these categories. In particular, the study focused on the consistency between the awareness of knowledge/KM importance and KM policies, and the scope and intensity of the application of both human-centered tools and information communication technology (ICT) tools. METHODOLOGY: The concept of the study was developed on the basis of an integrative socio-technical perspective. The empirical data were obtained through a questionnaire survey among 90 managers of small, medium, and large Ukrainian enterprises and were analyzed statistically. FINDINGS: Both common and distinctive characteristics of these categories in terms of KM were highlighted. Although all enterprises, regardless of their size, showed a high awareness of knowledge/KM importance for their business, significant distinctions between small and large enterprises were found with regard to their KM policies, the scope of advanced KM tools application, and the intensity of some traditional and advanced KM tools application. In all cases, large enterprises showed higher levels of these characteristics compared to small enterprises, whereas medium enterprises were more similar to large enterprises. In contrast to the common view on SMEs as a homogeneous sector in terms of KM, the study shows its heterogeneity in terms of KM initiatives. According to a number of indicators studied, significant differences were observed between small and large enterprises, whereas the distinctions between medium and large enterprises were much less obvious. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: The theoretical contribution of this study was the provision of SMEs sector heterogeneity evidence based on a number of KМ characteristics. This finding allows us to deepen our knowledge of conceptual differences in KM approaches, applied by different enterprise categories. From a practical perspective, an enterprise size should be taken into account while designing specific KM policies, programs and tools to meet enterprises’ needs to a greater extent. The larger the enterprise is, the more structured, deliberate, and conscious the KM approach that should be applied is. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: No empirical research that addresses the comparative analysis of KM initiatives in small, medium, and large enterprises operating in Ukraine, as well as in other transition economies of post-Soviet states, has been previously performed, and this study fills the gap.
目的:本研究的目的是对在乌克兰经营的小型、中型和大型企业的知识管理(KM)举措进行比较分析,并突出知识管理政策的具体特征,以及知识管理工具在这些类别中的应用范围和强度。该研究特别关注了知识/知识管理重要性意识与知识管理政策之间的一致性,以及以人为本的工具和信息通信技术(ICT)工具的应用范围和强度。方法:该研究的概念是在综合社会技术观点的基础上发展起来的。实证数据通过对90名乌克兰中小、大型企业管理者的问卷调查获得,并进行统计分析。发现:这些类别在KM方面的共同和独特特征都得到了强调。尽管所有企业,无论其规模大小,都表现出对知识/知识管理对其业务重要性的高度认识,但在知识管理政策、先进知识管理工具应用的范围以及一些传统和先进知识管理工具应用的强度方面,发现了小型企业和大型企业之间的显著差异。在所有情况下,与小型企业相比,大型企业表现出更高水平的这些特征,而中型企业则更类似于大型企业。与一般认为中小企业在知识管理方面是同质的观点相反,本研究显示了中小企业在知识管理举措方面的异质性。根据所研究的一些指标,小型企业和大型企业之间存在显著差异,而中型企业和大型企业之间的差异则不那么明显。理论与实践意义:本研究的理论贡献在于提供了基于KМ若干特征的中小企业部门异质性证据。这一发现使我们加深了对不同企业类别应用的知识管理方法概念差异的认识。从实践的角度来看,在设计具体的知识管理政策、项目和工具时,应考虑到企业的规模,以更大程度地满足企业的需求。企业规模越大,应该应用的KM方法就越结构化、越深思熟虑、越有意识。原创性和价值:没有实证研究解决在乌克兰经营的中小型和大型企业的知识管理举措的比较分析,以及其他后苏联国家的转型经济,之前已经进行了,本研究填补了这一空白。
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引用次数: 4
Is dominant logic a value or a liability? On the explorative turn in the German power utility industry 主导逻辑是一种价值还是一种负担?论德国电力事业的探索性转向
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/202117225
E. Brandtner, Jörg Freiling
Purpose: This study seeks to specify the role of ‘dominant logic’ in an organization. So doing, the ambiguous character of the dominant logic emerges, as on the one hand, a dominant logic can make sense of a change, provide useful guidelines and keep the company focused. However, on the other hand, a dominant logic may provide reasons why preventing change could be ‘logical’ or work as a blinder when it comes to interpreting up-and-coming developments. Therefore, a dominant logic can be a value and a liability in times of change. Methodology: This study sets out to contribute to prior research by raising two questions. First, how can we re-conceptualize the construct of dominant logic to address both the driving and the hampering role in the case of explorative turns? And, second, which factors restrain and which allow explorative turns? With special regard to the German energy transition in the 2010s, this research grounds on explorative qualitative empirical research and employs a single case-study design for a traditional German power utility company, which – as an incumbent – has to deal with the high complexity in the German power industry. Data sources are in-depth and problem-centered interviews with both internal and external experts as well as field observations. An inductive procedure allows the development of research propositions from data, framed by prior research. Findings: As a result, this study delivers a six-factor framework to shine a light on the micro-foundations of dominant logic. Whether a dominant logic is of value or is a liability in organizational change and allows an explorative turn, depends on the identified abilities to unlearn, to explore, to change and to manage. Data suggests that an explorative turn, driven by dominant logic, works better in the case of combined learning and unlearning capacities, an ambidextrous balance of exploration and exploitation, co-existing logics, continuous adaptations of dominant logic and lower levels of leadership power and formal structures. Implications for theory and practice: This study specifies the roles of dominant logic that may hamper explorative turns in times of severe disruptions. Originality and value: It contributes to the research of managerial cognition by refining and applying the concept of dominant logic. It provides empirical evidence on how this phenomenon creates inertia, drives change, and discusses the needs for and the barriers to an explorative turn. From a managerial viewpoint, dominant logic serves as a filter to identify required changes and to tune the speed of change. This, however, depends on managerial reflection on the appropriateness of dominant logic in the run of events.
目的:本研究旨在明确“主导逻辑”在组织中的作用。这样一来,主导逻辑的模糊性就显现出来了,因为一方面,主导逻辑可以让变化变得有意义,提供有用的指导方针,让公司保持专注。然而,另一方面,一个占主导地位的逻辑可能提供了为什么阻止变化可能是“合乎逻辑的”,或者在解释即将到来的发展时起到障眼法的作用。因此,在变化的时代,主导逻辑可以是一种价值和一种负担。方法论:本研究提出了两个问题,旨在对先前的研究做出贡献。首先,我们如何重新概念化主导逻辑的结构,以解决在探索转向的情况下的驱动和阻碍作用?其次,哪些因素限制了探索性转向,哪些因素允许了探索性转向?对于2010年代德国的能源转型,本研究以探索性质的实证研究为基础,采用单一案例研究设计,研究对象是一家传统的德国电力公用事业公司,该公司作为在位者,必须应对德国电力行业的高度复杂性。数据来源是与内部和外部专家的深入和以问题为中心的访谈以及实地观察。归纳程序允许从数据中发展研究命题,由先前的研究框架。研究结果:因此,本研究提供了一个六因素框架,以照亮主导逻辑的微观基础。在组织变革中,主导逻辑是有价值的,还是一种负担,并允许探索转向,取决于确定的忘却、探索、改变和管理的能力。数据表明,由主导逻辑驱动的探索性转向,在学习和遗忘能力相结合、探索和利用的双向平衡、共存逻辑、主导逻辑的持续适应以及较低水平的领导权力和形式结构的情况下效果更好。对理论和实践的启示:本研究明确了主导逻辑的作用,它可能会在严重中断的时候阻碍探索性的转变。原创性和价值:通过提炼和应用主导逻辑的概念,有助于管理认知的研究。它提供了关于这种现象如何产生惯性、推动变革的经验证据,并讨论了探索转向的需求和障碍。从管理的角度来看,主导逻辑可以作为一个过滤器来识别所需的更改并调整更改的速度。然而,这取决于管理层对事件运行中主导逻辑的适当性的反思。
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引用次数: 1
The impact of market orientation on the performance of MSMEs operating in technology parks: The role of market dynamism 市场导向对科技园中小微企业绩效的影响:市场活力的作用
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20211722
Anna Wójcik-Karpacz, Jarosław Karpacz, Joanna Rudawska
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to identify the role of market dynamism in the relationship between market orientation and the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) operating in technology parks (TPs) in Poland. Methodology: The two methods used for performing the quantitative empirical research are CAWI and PAPI. The research sample included MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland. The article is the answer to the needs for systematic research of models between market orientation and firm performance. Findings: The research findings provide an insight into the level of market orientation and performance of the analyzed MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland. It was found that MSMEs in the research sample were not a homogeneous group in this respect. It has been proven that market orientation is a significant stimulant of firm performance, while market dynamism has not been classified as a moderator of the market orientation–firm performance relationship. Implications for theory and practice: This study contributes to strategic management by identifying the key role of market orientation for enterprises wishing to benefit from this type of strategic orientation. The important role of the predictor – market orientation in shaping the results of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises operating at TPs in Poland has been proven. In practice, this means that increasing the level of market orientation is conducive to increasing positively assessed financial performance. Originality and value: Our research carried out at MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland enriches and supplements knowledge about market orientation as a phenomenon of universal character because it also applies to smaller sized business organizations.
目的:本文的目的是确定市场活力在市场导向与波兰科技园(TPs)中微型、小型和中型企业(MSMEs)绩效之间的关系中的作用。方法:定量实证研究采用CAWI和PAPI两种方法。研究样本包括在波兰科技园经营的中小微企业。本文是对市场导向与企业绩效之间模型系统研究的回应。研究结果:研究结果对波兰科技园中小微企业的市场导向水平和绩效进行了深入分析。研究发现,研究样本中的中小微企业在这方面并不是一个同质群体。研究表明,市场导向对企业绩效具有显著的促进作用,而市场动态性并未被归类为市场导向与企业绩效关系的调节因子。理论与实践启示:本研究通过确定市场导向对希望从这种类型的战略导向中获益的企业的关键作用,有助于战略管理。预测者——市场导向在塑造波兰技术合作伙伴的微型、小型和中型企业业绩方面的重要作用已得到证实。在实践中,这意味着提高市场导向水平有助于提高积极评价的财务绩效。原创性和价值:我们在波兰科技园的中小微企业开展的研究丰富和补充了市场导向这一普遍现象的知识,因为它也适用于较小规模的商业组织。
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引用次数: 4
City policies to promote entrepreneurship: A cross-country comparison of Poland and Germany 促进创业的城市政策:波兰和德国的跨国比较
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/202117226
Jan Fazlagić,Aleksandra Szulczewska-Remi,Windham Loopesko
Purpose: The policy to promote entrepreneurship plays a central role in the strategic management of cities. Therefore, the research question asks how urban policies in Poland support knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurship in comparison to German cities’ policies. Also investigated is how do Polish and German cities support entrepreneurship in different forms (including social entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, and creative industries). Methodology: To answer this question, we have adopted a multiple-case study methodology relying on multiple sources of evidence, primarily strategic documents of the biggest Polish cities in the context of cross-country comparison with selected large cities in Germany, and semi-structured interviews with decision-makers representing municipalities from the analyzed cities in Poland. Building on the concept of the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship, we refer to the approach in which spillovers of knowledge are a strategic lever through which firms distribute innovation and have profound implications for the region’s entrepreneurial activities development. Findings/research and practical implications: The research enriches our understanding of urban policies in Poland that support knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurship, and discovers the possible relationship between factors determining entrepreneurship in Polish and German cities. In all Polish and German cities, entrepreneurship was an important component of economic development strategy. However, Polish cities depend on EU funding to a much greater extent than German cities in implementing their economic development strategies. Cluster strategies in the framework of key cities’ industries were embedded in most urban policies, but a majority of Polish respondents believed that their cities should place greater emphasis on this policy. The main challenge for policy-makers is that current entrepreneurial polices should be more effective and oriented towards reinforcing the social perception of entrepreneurship, especially among young inhabitants. Originality/value: The research allowed enough data to be gathered to answer the research questions. However, future research validating the results in quantitative study is suggested. Also, some limitations in the research process were highlighted, such as a lack of personal contact with the respondents or different levels of economic development among Polish and German cities. Our research demonstrates the opportunities for knowledge spillover and sharing of good practices between the two countries.
目的:促进企业家精神的政策在城市战略管理中发挥核心作用。因此,研究问题是,与德国城市政策相比,波兰的城市政策如何支持知识溢出和企业家精神。调查还包括波兰和德国城市如何支持不同形式的创业(包括社会创业、青年创业和创意产业)。方法:为了回答这个问题,我们采用了多案例研究方法,依赖于多种证据来源,主要是波兰最大城市的战略文件,在与选定的德国大城市进行跨国比较的背景下,以及对波兰被分析城市代表市政当局的决策者进行半结构化访谈。在创业知识溢出理论的基础上,我们认为知识溢出是企业分配创新的战略杠杆,对区域创业活动的发展具有深远的影响。研究结果/研究和实践意义:本研究丰富了我们对波兰支持知识溢出和创业的城市政策的理解,并发现了波兰和德国城市中决定创业的因素之间可能存在的关系。在所有波兰和德国城市,企业家精神是经济发展战略的重要组成部分。然而,波兰城市在实施其经济发展战略时对欧盟资金的依赖程度远高于德国城市。在主要城市工业框架内的集群战略被纳入大多数城市政策,但大多数波兰受访者认为,他们的城市应该更加重视这一政策。决策者面临的主要挑战是,目前的企业政策应更加有效,并着眼于加强社会对企业精神的认识,特别是在青年居民中。原创性/价值:研究允许收集足够的数据来回答研究问题。然而,建议进一步的研究来验证定量研究的结果。此外,还强调了研究过程中的一些局限性,例如缺乏与受访者的个人接触,或者波兰和德国城市之间的经济发展水平不同。我们的研究表明,两国之间存在知识溢出和分享良好实践的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Networks and network strategies: New theorization based upon a systematic literature review 网络与网络策略:基于系统文献回顾的新理论
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20211732
Rossella Canestrino, Amir Forouharfar
PURPOSE: This paper aims to introduce a general all-embracing taxonomy of networks and its relevant strategies to facilitate the teaching and learning of the strategic concepts of networks in strategic management. METHODOLOGY: To fulfill its intention, the paper has adopted a systematic literature review (SLR), since the introduced taxonomy and its corresponding strategies should be a compendious reflection and summary of the current literature of the studies on strategic networks. RESULTS: The paper unfolded seven potential configurations of the networks and then proceeded with the proposition of their relevant strategies with regard to the networks’ relationships and forms. These networks were named as Reciprocally Interdependent Networks, Sequentially Interdependent Networks, Partnering Networks, Complementary (Overlapping) Networks, Supporting (Logistic) Networks, Distributing Networks, and Co-Innovation Knowledge-Sharing Networks. Their corresponding network strategies were identified as Multi-Level Promotion Strategy, Just-In-Time Strategy, Network Partnership Strategy, Compensatory Strategy, Network Logistic Strategy, Distributing Network Strategy, and Network R&D Strategy, respectively. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: Systematics or a system of classification is a fundamental necessity in any field of knowledge, benefiting both academia and learners. Accordingly, this paper provides a comprehensive but concise means of classifying networks and their strategies to overcome the paucity still existing in the literature. These efforts invite future research and conversation about networks and network strategies, proposing a guiding framework for the debate. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Lack of consensus about theories and conceptualizations in strategic network studies became an inspiration for this research, which allowed for the clarification of the mentioned existing paucity.
目的:本文旨在介绍网络及其相关策略的概括性分类,以促进战略管理中网络战略概念的教与学。方法:为了实现其目的,本文采用了系统的文献综述(SLR),因为所引入的分类及其相应的策略应该是对当前战略网络研究文献的简明反映和总结。结果:揭示了网络的七种潜在形态,并针对网络的关系和形态提出了相应的策略。这些网络被命名为相互依赖网络、顺序依赖网络、伙伴网络、互补(重叠)网络、支持(物流)网络、分销网络和共同创新知识共享网络。相应的网络策略分别为多层次促销策略、准时制策略、网络伙伴策略、补偿策略、网络物流策略、分销网络策略和网络研发策略。对理论和实践的启示:系统分类学或分类系统在任何知识领域都是必不可少的,对学术界和学习者都有好处。因此,本文提供了一种全面而简洁的网络分类方法及其策略,以克服文献中仍然存在的不足。这些努力邀请了未来关于网络和网络战略的研究和对话,为辩论提出了指导框架。原创性和价值:战略网络研究中缺乏关于理论和概念化的共识成为本研究的灵感来源,这使得上述现有的不足得以澄清。
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引用次数: 3
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Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Innovation
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