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Technological innovation and the labor market: The two-way non-reciprocal relationships with a focus on the confectionery industry in Poland 技术创新和劳动力市场:双向非互惠关系与重点糖果行业在波兰
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221835
Katarzyna Piwowar‐Sulej, Krzysztof Podsiadły
PURPOSE: The theoretical aim of this study is to explore the nature of the “technological innovation–labor market” relationships presented recently in the literature, based on publications indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The empirical purpose is to examine these relationships in companies operating in the confectionery industry in Poland. METHODOLOGY: Literature studies, as well as a mixed-method empirical research approach, were used, including an online survey of engineers working in the confectionery industry and the case study method (with interviews and observation). FINDINGS: Publications from the past eleven years have covered the problems of the analyzed relationship but have not taken into consideration the market in Poland or the confectionery industry. More often than the classic literature, these publications present different relationships, not focusing mainly on the issue of unemployment resulting from technological innovation. Meanwhile, empirical studies show that the analyzed relationships are non-reciprocal. Fifty percent of the employees surveyed indicated that implementing technological innovations results in job losses. The remaining respondents were convinced that technological innovation has a neutral quantitative impact on the internal labor market. We identified that technological innovations have an impact on the labor market (both internal and external) more often than changes in the labor market affecting innovations, and that this impact is rather negative. Moreover, empirical research shows that technological innovations are positively connected with qualitative changes in the internal labor market. IMPLICATIONS: This study emphasizes the need for lifelong learning among employees and for a field for development at educational institutions. It should also draw the attention of top managers to the skills that their employees have now and should have in the future. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The paper presents an original typology of the relationships between technological innovation and the labor market, which can serve as the basis for further development and qualitative or quantitative research. The paper also presents pioneering research because previous studies were not based on a complex framework, including different kinds of impacts (from negative through neutral to positive), treating the labor market and technological innovations relative to each other as dependent or independent variables, or highlighting two types of labor market.
目的:本研究的理论目的是基于Scopus和Web of Science数据库中收录的出版物,探讨最近文献中出现的“技术创新-劳动力市场”关系的本质。实证的目的是检查这些关系的公司在波兰经营的糖果行业。研究方法:采用文献研究和混合方法的实证研究方法,包括对在糖果行业工作的工程师进行在线调查和案例研究法(包括访谈和观察)。发现:过去11年的出版物涵盖了分析关系的问题,但没有考虑到波兰市场或糖果行业。与经典文献相比,这些出版物往往呈现出不同的关系,而不是主要关注技术创新导致的失业问题。同时,实证研究表明,所分析的关系是非互反的。50%的受访员工表示,实施技术创新会导致失业。其余的受访者相信技术创新对国内劳动力市场的数量影响是中性的。我们发现,技术创新对劳动力市场(包括内部和外部)的影响比劳动力市场变化对创新的影响更频繁,而且这种影响是相当消极的。此外,实证研究表明,技术创新与内部劳动力市场的质变正相关。启示:本研究强调了员工终身学习的必要性和教育机构发展的领域。它还应该引起高层管理人员对其员工现在拥有和将来应该拥有的技能的注意。原创性与价值:本文提出了技术创新与劳动力市场关系的原创性类型学,可以作为进一步发展和定性或定量研究的基础。本文还提出了开创性的研究,因为以前的研究没有基于一个复杂的框架,包括不同类型的影响(从消极到中性到积极),将劳动力市场和技术创新相对于彼此作为因变量或自变量,或突出两种类型的劳动力市场。
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引用次数: 2
The mediating effect of the budget process on the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 预算流程对越南胡志明市中小企业绩效的中介作用
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221813
Vuong Khanh Tuan, P. Rajagopal
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to aid the small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), resulting in enhancement, improved management performance, and sustainability in adopting beneficial competitive practices aligned to the new era. The study was conducted to determine the key managerial factors that affect the performance of Vietnamese SMEs. We analyzed factors like business planning, organizational commitment, strategy implementation, and managerial control, adopting the budget process as the mediating factor, as it was determined to positively affect SME performance. METHODOLOGY: In the pilot study, we collected 105 samples using the convenience technique and analyzed the results to examine and validate the reliability of the research instrument. A quantitative approach was used in the pilot study, which tested for reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with the software IBM SPSS 20.0. The real study was conducted using quantitative analysis, where the randomization technique was applied to 403 suitable samples. A full quantity of data was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and EFA. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test both the conceptual framework and the hypothesis of the real study. This study was conducted from October 2016 to June 2020. FINDINGS: Analysis of SMEs identified the mediating factor, budget process, as having a significant effect on the dependent factor, SME performance. Regarding the total effect on SME performance, among four independent variables, the factor with the highest positive total effect on SME performance was strategy implementation. The second highest positive total effect on SME performance was organizational commitment; the third highest positive total effect was business planning; and the fourth was managerial control. Therefore, it can be concluded that when SME managers change these key factors, they will change the level of performance for their enterprises. IMPLICATIONS: This research provides insight into the performance management of SMEs and how managerial factors affect the level of this performance management. In the results of study, the following key factors have been identified: strategy implementation, organizational commitment, business planning, managerial control, and the mediating role of the budget process. These independent variables have significant total effects on SME performance, and the theory’s implication builds on performance management to contribute to the field of management. This research model can be applied to management practices to restructure, innovate, and improve the overall performance of SMEs. Additionally, this study will provide SMEs with management procedures to compete, adapt, and enhance their sustainability within the global market. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This model provides researchers and practitioners with the invaluable knowledge needed to manage
目的:本研究的目的是帮助胡志明市(HCMC)的中小企业(SME)部门,从而增强,改善管理绩效,并在采用符合新时代的有益竞争实践方面具有可持续性。该研究旨在确定影响越南中小企业绩效的关键管理因素。我们分析了企业计划、组织承诺、战略实施和管理控制等因素,采用预算过程作为中介因素,确定预算过程对中小企业绩效有正向影响。方法:在前期研究中,我们采用便利法采集了105份样本,并对结果进行了分析,以检验和验证研究仪器的可靠性。初步研究采用定量方法,采用Cronbach 's alpha和探索性因子分析(EFA),采用IBM SPSS 20.0软件进行信度检验。实际研究采用定量分析的方法,对403个合适样本采用随机化技术。使用Cronbach 's alpha、验证性因子分析(CFA)和EFA对全部数据进行检验。结构方程模型(SEM)被用来检验概念框架和实际研究的假设。本研究于2016年10月至2020年6月进行。结果:对中小企业的分析发现,中介因素预算流程对依赖因素中小企业绩效有显著影响。在对中小企业绩效的总效应方面,在四个自变量中,对中小企业绩效的正向总效应最高的因素是战略实施。组织承诺对中小企业绩效的总体正向影响第二高;第三高的总积极效应是商业规划;第四个是管理控制。因此,可以得出结论,当中小企业管理者改变这些关键因素时,他们将改变企业的绩效水平。启示:本研究提供了中小企业绩效管理以及管理因素如何影响绩效管理水平的见解。在研究结果中,确定了以下关键因素:战略实施、组织承诺、业务规划、管理控制和预算过程的中介作用。这些自变量对中小企业绩效有显著的总体影响,该理论的启示建立在绩效管理的基础上,为管理领域做出贡献。该研究模型可应用于中小企业重组、创新和提高整体绩效的管理实践。此外,本研究将为中小企业提供管理程序,以在全球市场中竞争,适应和提高其可持续性。创意/价值:该模式为研究人员和实践者提供了管理企业绩效所需的宝贵知识,帮助中小企业在新时代发展成为可持续和有竞争力的参与者。
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引用次数: 5
COVID-19 impact and firm reactions towards crisis: Evidence from a transition economy 2019冠状病毒病的影响和对危机的坚定反应:来自转型经济体的证据
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221816
Li̇ri̇don Kryeziu, Mehmet Bağış, Mehmet Nurullah Kurutkan, Besnik A. Krasniqi, A. Haziri
PURPOSE: The new situation arising from the COVID-19 pandemic has brought many difficulties for companies worldwide. To combat the pandemic, governments have enforced lockdown and closure of businesses, and in response, companies have developed various reactive strategies to ensure their survival. The purpose of this study is twofold: to examine the impact of COVID-19 on firms and examine firm reactions towards the COVID-19 crisis. The study analyses the impact of COVID-19 on firm size, ownership type, and industry characteristics. Secondly, to analyze firm reactions based on four components: technological preferences, strategic behavior, management practices, and social networks. METHODOLOGY: This study employs a quantitative method, using a survey of 320 firm owners and managers conducted in Kosovo by the Institute of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. FINDINGS: Findings suggest that income dropped significantly for SMEs based on the firm size. Based on industry characteristics, findings show that all industries have been influenced negatively. Regarding the ownership type, findings suggest that family firms are more affected by COVID-19 than non-family firms. Factor analysis suggests that the technological preferences, managerial practices and strategic behavior, and social networks effectively responded to the crisis derived from COVID-19. Findings also suggest that firms did not employ a single reaction (e.g., technological change) but combined several reactions where one reaction led to another reaction that proved effective and led to firm survival during the crisis. IMPLICATIONS: The implications of this study are as follows: firstly, this study examines the impact of COVID-19 and, at the same time, firm reactions to the crisis; secondly, contrary to previous studies, this study shows that all industries have been influenced negatively, including all SMEs; thirdly, this study shows that ownership type was an important factor concerning the impact of COVID-19, where family firms were influenced more than non-family firms; this is due to the distinct characteristic of organizational structure that family firms have, including the involvement of members of family firms. Last, this study shows that a single reaction of firms does not lead to survival, but the chain of reactions combined with dimensions shown above. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Despite growing theoretical and empirical literature about COVID-19 and firms, this study shows the impact and firm responses towards the crisis of COVID-19. Furthermore, focusing on the context of Kosovo, the study contributes to the challenges that firms face in different cultural and institutional settings.
目的:新冠肺炎疫情新形势给全球企业带来诸多困难。为应对疫情,各国政府实施了封锁和关闭企业的措施,企业也制定了各种应对策略,以确保生存。本研究的目的有两个:检查COVID-19对企业的影响,并检查企业对COVID-19危机的反应。该研究分析了COVID-19对企业规模、所有权类型和行业特征的影响。其次,分析基于技术偏好、战略行为、管理实践和社会网络四个要素的企业反应。方法:本研究采用定量方法,利用创业和小企业研究所在科索沃对320家公司所有者和经理进行的调查。研究发现:研究结果表明,中小企业的收入显著下降基于企业规模。基于行业特征,研究结果表明,所有行业都受到了负面影响。就所有权类型而言,研究结果表明,家族企业比非家族企业受COVID-19的影响更大。因子分析表明,技术偏好、管理实践和战略行为以及社会网络有效应对了新冠肺炎引发的危机。研究结果还表明,企业并没有采用单一的反应(如技术变革),而是将几种反应结合起来,其中一种反应导致另一种反应,这种反应被证明是有效的,并导致企业在危机中生存下来。启示:本研究的启示如下:首先,本研究考察了COVID-19的影响,同时考察了对危机的坚定反应;其次,与以往的研究相反,本研究表明所有行业都受到了负面影响,包括所有中小企业;第三,研究表明所有制类型是影响新冠疫情影响的重要因素,家族企业受到的影响大于非家族企业;这是由于家族企业具有独特的组织结构特征,包括家族企业成员的参与。最后,本研究表明,企业的单一反应并不能导致生存,而是连锁反应与上述维度相结合。独创性/价值:尽管关于COVID-19和企业的理论和实证文献越来越多,但本研究显示了COVID-19危机的影响和企业应对措施。此外,该研究着眼于科索沃的背景,有助于企业在不同的文化和制度环境中面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 7
The interplay of entrepreneurial ecosystem actors and conditions in FinTech ecosystems: An empirical analysis 金融科技生态系统中创业生态系统行动者与条件的相互作用:实证分析
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221843
Mari Avarmaa, Lasse Torkkeli, Laivi Laidroo, Ekaterina Koroleva
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of actors and ecosystem conditions in the development of the FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow. METHODOLOGY: The study develops a framework for investigating entrepreneurial ecosystems, combining ecosystem actors with ecosystem conditions. The framework is implemented through a comparative case study of FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow, with data drawn from 35 semi-structured interviews and processed by means of thematic analysis. The primary data is supplemented with data from secondary sources. FINDINGS: The findings show how the ecosystem conditions and actors are interdependent in the FinTech ecosystems. Tallinn is an example of a strong entrepreneurial culture with its small market, advanced technological infrastructure, and talent, which leads to the dominance of the FinTech start-ups and the emergence of an active FinTech cluster organization. In Moscow, the institutional context, concentration of financial capital, and its large home market with a loyal customer base limit start-ups’ ability to grow and form the ecosystem. IMPLICATIONS: The study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and emerging technologies by integrating the streams of research on entrepreneurial ecosystems and FinTech ecosystems, combining FinTech actors with entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions. It also highlights the implications of variations of entrepreneurial culture, characteristics of the domestic demand and formal institutions in the development of ecosystems. It demonstrates that ecosystem conditions are likely to contribute to the emergence of the dominant actor in a particular ecosystem. Our results also suggest that when aiming to develop the FinTech ecosystem in a city, the support given to FinTech cluster organizations is essential. Facilitating university–industry cooperation through the cluster organizations or direct partnerships can contribute to the development of FinTech ecosystems. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate how specific entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions lead to configurations with different types of ecosystem actors, and to illustrate how specific ecosystem conditions impact the way in which actors develop and operate and how the ecosystem configuration is structured. These have been notable omissions in extant entrepreneurial ecosystem research until now. The present study also illustrates sectoral variations in entrepreneurial ecosystems while highlighting the distinct features of emerging ecosystems. It also contributes to the emerging literature on FinTech ecosystems through a comparative empirical perspective, thereby enhancing understanding of local conditions necessary for developing and maintaining FinTech ecosystems in different contexts.
目的:本研究的目的是调查参与者和生态系统条件在塔林和莫斯科金融科技生态系统发展中的作用。方法:本研究开发了一个框架来调查创业生态系统,将生态系统参与者与生态系统条件相结合。该框架通过塔林和莫斯科金融科技生态系统的比较案例研究来实施,数据来自35个半结构化访谈,并通过专题分析的方式进行处理。原始资料由第二手资料补充。研究结果:研究结果表明,金融科技生态系统中的生态系统条件和参与者是相互依存的。塔林是一个强大的创业文化的例子,它的小市场,先进的技术基础设施和人才,这导致了金融科技初创企业的主导地位和活跃的金融科技集群组织的出现。在莫斯科,制度背景、金融资本的集中以及拥有忠实客户群的庞大国内市场限制了初创企业成长和形成生态系统的能力。启示:本研究通过整合创业生态系统和金融科技生态系统的研究流,将金融科技参与者与创业生态系统条件结合起来,为创业生态系统和新兴技术的研究贡献了文献。它还强调了企业文化的变化、国内需求的特点和生态系统发展中的正式制度的影响。它表明,生态系统条件可能有助于特定生态系统中主导行为体的出现。我们的研究结果还表明,当一个城市的目标是发展金融科技生态系统时,对金融科技集群组织的支持是必不可少的。通过集群组织或直接伙伴关系促进校企合作,有助于金融科技生态系统的发展。原创性和价值:据我们所知,这是第一次研究具体的创业生态系统条件如何导致不同类型生态系统参与者的配置,并说明具体的生态系统条件如何影响参与者的发展和运作方式,以及生态系统配置是如何构建的。到目前为止,这些都是现有创业生态系统研究中值得注意的遗漏。本研究还说明了创业生态系统的部门差异,同时突出了新兴生态系统的独特特征。它还通过比较实证的角度为金融科技生态系统的新兴文献做出了贡献,从而增强了对在不同背景下发展和维护金融科技生态系统所需的当地条件的理解。
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引用次数: 1
An innovative approach to support interests' alignment in the context of transport management using semantic differential 一种创新的方法来支持利益的一致性在运输管理的背景下使用语义差异
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221834
N. Shpak, Z. Dvulit, L. Maznyk, W. Sroka, O. Podra, N. Petryshyn
PURPOSE: Our study aims to develop an innovative approach to scientific substantiation and practical balance of interests of cargo owners and transport companies, which will serve as a tool for freight management. METHODOLOGY: A specific algorithm of actions is proposed, which initially provides the creation of a system of indicators to study transportation management. The research methods include a complex method of semantic differential modeling, which integrates correlation-regression analysis, cluster analysis, and expert evaluations. The basis of such a complex method is the integration of three components: i) a system for monitoring the satisfaction of consumers of transport services; ii) the assessment of the density of connections between cargo turnover by type of transportation and the leading transportation indicators; iii) a multidimensional assessment of the homogeneity of factors by hierarchical clustering. FINDINGS: Semantic differential modeling can serve as an effective tool in strategic planning, not only for transport companies and railway enterprises, but also for those institutions where it is necessary to identify the most important areas of activity. IMPLICATIONS: The use of semantic differential based on the involvement of quantitative methods of mathematical modeling allows increasing the degree of validity of management decisions. The harmonization and balancing of interests in the field of B2B take into account the results of modeling the semantic differential in management. The proposed methodology consists of main indicators of rolling stock transportation and certain economic indicators; we advise to focus on. These indicators were obtained through cooperation with an expert group of participants in the transportation process. Application of the created model allows defining priority directions in the field of freight owners’ service by the Ukrainian railways in the dynamics by types of cargo and transportation and substantiating the corresponding management decisions by freight carriers. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Innovation is a complex interdisciplinary integration of research methods based on the philosophy of semantic differential, allowing the integration of approaches to harmonize the interests of transport companies and consumers of their services with the results of cooperation in the field of freight transportation. Therefore, the developed innovative methodology can be used not only for railway transport but also for other types of transport and business.
目的:本研究旨在为货主与运输公司之间的利益平衡提供一种创新的科学依据和实际平衡方法,为货运管理提供工具。方法:提出了具体的行动算法,初步提供了研究交通管理的指标体系的创建。研究方法包括一种复杂的语义差异建模方法,该方法将相关回归分析、聚类分析和专家评价相结合。这种复杂方法的基础是三个组成部分的综合:1)监测消费者对运输服务满意度的系统;Ii)运输类型货物周转量与主要运输指标的联系密度评估;Iii)通过层次聚类对要素同质性的多维评估。研究结果:语义差异建模可以作为战略规划的有效工具,不仅适用于运输公司和铁路企业,也适用于那些有必要确定最重要活动领域的机构。含义:基于数学建模的定量方法的语义差异的使用允许增加管理决策的有效性程度。B2B领域的利益协调与平衡考虑了对管理中语义差异建模的结果。建议的方法包括铁路车辆运输的主要指标和某些经济指标;我们建议专注于。这些指标是通过与运输过程参与者组成的专家组合作获得的。应用所创建的模型,可以根据货物和运输类型的动态,确定乌克兰铁路货运业主服务领域的优先方向,并证实货运承运人的相应管理决策。原创性和价值:创新是基于语义差异哲学的研究方法的复杂跨学科整合,允许整合方法以协调运输公司及其服务消费者的利益与货运领域的合作结果。因此,所开发的创新方法不仅可以用于铁路运输,还可以用于其他类型的运输和业务。
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引用次数: 0
University students’ entrepreneurial intentions during COVID-19: The perspective of social cognitive career theory 新冠肺炎期间大学生创业意向:社会认知职业理论视角
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221833
Suwaluck Uansa-ard, Wisuwat Wannamakok
PURPOSE: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had a catastrophic effect on economic activities worldwide, the paradoxical phenomenon of this black swan situation may be found to facilitate entrepreneurial intentions. This study aims to investigate Thai university students’ perceptions of their entrepreneurial aspirations during the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: Drawing upon social cognitive career theory, this research investigates the profound linkage of university students’ COVID-19 perceptions and attitudes towards situations for self-believing in the adaptation for entrepreneurship. A valid sample of 798 collected from eight provinces, eight districts, and eight cities throughout Thailand was included for further analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Process Macro Model 6. FINDINGS: University students’ COVID-19 pandemic perceptions influence their self-efficacy in situation adaptations and perceived desirability towards individual-level entrepreneurial intentions. Interestingly, self-efficacy and desirability towards entrepreneurship act as serial mediating factors, towards the mediated relationship between attitude towards the situation, COVID-19 perception, and university students’ entrepreneurial intentions. IMPLICATIONS: The results of this research can add to entrepreneurship literature and additional model testing has also been proposed. Besides, practitioners and researchers could collaborate with governors to cultivate entrepreneurial trajectories based on research findings. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) can rationalize an academic student’s career choice of entrepreneurship by considering their perception of the start-up processes during COVID-19. Future research can also test findings on a representative sample at the national level.
目的:尽管2019冠状病毒病大流行对全球经济活动产生了灾难性影响,但这种黑天鹅现象的矛盾现象可能有助于促进创业意图。本研究旨在调查泰国大学生在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间对创业愿望的看法。方法:运用社会认知职业理论,探讨大学生新冠肺炎认知与创业适应自信情境态度之间的深刻联系。从泰国8个省、8个区和8个城市收集的798个有效样本被纳入使用结构方程模型(SEM)和过程宏观模型6进行进一步分析。研究发现:大学生对COVID-19大流行的认知影响了他们在情境适应方面的自我效能感和对个人层面创业意向的感知可取性。有趣的是,自我效能感和创业愿望在情境态度、新冠肺炎感知与大学生创业意向之间的中介关系中扮演了串行中介因素的角色。启示:本研究的结果可以补充创业文献,并提出了额外的模型检验。此外,从业者和研究人员可以与州长合作,根据研究成果培育创业轨迹。独创性和价值:社会认知职业理论(SCCT)可以通过考虑大学生在新冠肺炎期间对创业过程的感知来合理化大学生的创业职业选择。未来的研究还可以在国家层面上对具有代表性的样本进行检验。
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引用次数: 4
The role of financial technology and entrepreneurial finance practices in funding small and medium-sized enterprises 金融技术和创业金融实践在中小企业融资中的作用
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221811
Piotr Łasak
PURPOSE: The traditional sources of financing (bank loans) cannot be treated as an essential source of financing for SMEs in developing countries. For this reason, this group of entities uses many alternative sources, from bootstrapping to microfinance and crowdfunding. During the last decade, a significant contribution in this area has been financial technology. The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to present the role of financial technologies in financing SMEs, 2) to examine the role of entities based on financial technology in financing SMEs in developing countries, and 3) to consider other non-bank aspects of financing SMEs, leading to the improvement of the financial situation of these entities. The in-depth analysis of these entrepreneurial finance practices will be developed in the following papers presented in this Issue. METHODOLOGY: This study employs a theoretical approach based on a narrative literature review. The primary attention is focused on applying financial technology as a stimulant for the finance of SMEs in developing countries. FINDINGS: As a consequence of the financing gap for SMEs within the traditional financial system, these entities use non-bank financing based on financial technology. The research confirms that financial technology plays a crucial role in fostering the financial situation of SMEs in developing countries and providing greater financial inclusion for these entities. Both, financial technology and enterprises based on this technology contribute significantly to the improvement of efficiency of financing SMEs in emerging markets. They also provide a broader range of services, than were offered by the traditional financial sector. Regarding the other aspects of SME finance, it is essential to implement such ways of financing like microfinance services and crowdfunding. Such funding mechanisms, together with the budget process and the compliance under the conditions of e-tax systems, are important determinants of current entrepreneurial finance. IMPLICATIONS: The paper describes the financing of SMEs in developing countries. The in-depth picture of the SME’s financial situation, focusing on the technological development in this area, provides essential insight into this still poorly explored area. It also offers important premises for shaping the post-pandemic policy to support their further growth. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Despite growing theoretical and empirical literature about entrepreneurship finance, this study aims to contribute to the role of financial technology in this area. The impact of financial technologies and the role of fintech-based entities on SME activity in developing countries are still poorly researched. Moreover, the research provides a brief overview of other SME funding sources and their determinants in this group of countries.
目的:传统的融资来源(银行贷款)不能被视为发展中国家中小企业融资的重要来源。出于这个原因,这组实体使用许多其他来源,从自主创业到小额信贷和众筹。在过去十年中,金融技术在这一领域做出了重大贡献。本研究的目的有三个方面:1)展示金融技术在中小企业融资中的作用,2)研究基于金融技术的实体在发展中国家中小企业融资中的作用,以及3)考虑中小企业融资的其他非银行方面,从而改善这些实体的财务状况。对这些创业融资实践的深入分析将在本期提出的以下论文中展开。研究方法:本研究采用基于叙事文献回顾的理论研究方法。重点是应用金融技术促进发展中国家中小企业的融资。研究发现:由于中小企业在传统金融体系中的融资缺口,这些实体使用基于金融技术的非银行融资。研究证实,金融技术在改善发展中国家中小企业的财务状况和为这些实体提供更大的金融包容性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。无论是金融科技还是基于金融科技的企业,都对新兴市场中小企业融资效率的提高有着重要的贡献。它们还提供比传统金融部门更广泛的服务。在中小企业融资的其他方面,必须实施小额信贷服务、众筹等融资方式。这种融资机制,连同预算流程和电子税收系统条件下的合规,是当前创业融资的重要决定因素。启示:本文描述了发展中国家中小企业的融资问题。深入了解中小企业的财务状况,重点关注这一领域的技术发展,为这一尚未充分探索的领域提供了重要的见解。它还为制定大流行后政策以支持其进一步增长提供了重要前提。原创性/价值:尽管关于创业融资的理论和实证文献越来越多,但本研究旨在为金融技术在这一领域的作用做出贡献。金融技术的影响以及金融技术实体对发展中国家中小企业活动的作用的研究仍然很少。此外,该研究还提供了这组国家中其他中小企业资金来源及其决定因素的简要概述。
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引用次数: 12
From transition management towards just transition and place-based governance. Τhe case of Western Macedonia in Greece 从过渡管理到仅仅过渡和基于地点的治理。Τhe希腊西马其顿的案例
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221832
Lefteris Topaloglou, Lefteris Ioannidis
PURPOSE: This paper examines to what extent the governance modes of transition in the region of Western Macedonia (Greece) are effective and just, and whether they embed transition management, spatial justice, and place-based elements. To this end, the hypothesis tested in this paper is that spatial justice and place-based policy can make a positive contribution to just and well-managed transition. In this framework, the question examined is not about ‘who is in charge for designing and implementing transition policies?’ but about ‘what is the balance and mix of transition policies at the central, regional, and local levels of administration?’. METHODOLOGY: The article critically discussed the concept of transition as a fundamental societal change through the lens of efficiency and justice. Thus, the notions of transition management and spatial justice are thoroughly explored. It also embeds the concept of ‘place’ in this discussion. Therefore, the challenges, opportunities, and shortcomings of the place-based approach in the course of transition are examined. The empirical section contains a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, such as the use of questionnaires and focus group meetings, preceded by background research, comprising mainly desk research. The above different cases of empirical work are not entirely irrelevant to each other. The validity of the research findings is strengthened by using multiple sources of evidence and data triangulation. The analysis at the empirical research level focuses on Western Macedonia in Greece. This region has all the characteristics of a coal-dependent locality, under an urgent need to design and implement a post-lignite, just, transition strategy. FINDINGS: Given that transition implies a profound and long-lasting societal, economic, and environmental transformation, new and pioneering modes of governance are necessary to tackle such a multifaceted challenge. The discourse about place, policies, and governance, reveals the need for focusing on a balance and mix of inclusive and multi-scalar policies instead of defining governance structures and bodies in charge for implementing transition policies. The launched transition governance model in Greece considerably deviates from the EU policy context. In fact, substantial shortcomings in terms of legitimacy, inclusiveness, and public engagement and overall effectiveness have been recorded. The empirical evidence reveals a rather clear top-down model than a hybrid one. The findings show that the governance model employed in the case of Western Macedonia, neither embeds spatial justice nor incorporates a place-based approach. IMPLICATIONS: Viewing the long-term process of transition through the lens of governance and policymaking, this paper challenges the assertion that the traditional top-down governance model is the most effective and fair approach. In this setting, the notions of transition management and spatial justice are thoroughly explored. Th
目的:本文考察了西马其顿(希腊)地区的转型治理模式在多大程度上是有效和公正的,以及它们是否嵌入了转型管理、空间正义和基于地方的要素。为此,本文检验的假设是,空间正义和基于地方的政策可以为公正和管理良好的转型做出积极贡献。在这个框架中,研究的问题不是“谁负责设计和实施转型政策?”,而是“在中央、地区和地方各级政府的过渡政策之间如何平衡和混合?”方法:文章通过效率和正义的镜头批判性地讨论了过渡作为一种根本的社会变革的概念。因此,对过渡管理和空间公正的概念进行了深入的探讨。它还在讨论中嵌入了“场所”的概念。因此,在过渡过程中,以地为基础的方法的挑战,机遇和缺点进行了审查。实证部分混合了定量和定性方法,例如使用调查表和焦点小组会议,在此之前进行背景研究,主要包括案头研究。上述不同的实证工作案例并非完全无关。通过使用多来源的证据和数据三角测量,加强了研究结果的有效性。实证研究层面的分析主要集中在希腊的西马其顿。该地区具有煤炭依赖地区的所有特征,迫切需要设计和实施后褐煤转型战略。研究结果:鉴于转型意味着深刻而持久的社会、经济和环境转型,需要新的、开拓性的治理模式来应对这一多方面的挑战。关于地点、政策和治理的论述表明,需要关注包容性和多尺度政策的平衡和混合,而不是定义负责实施过渡政策的治理结构和机构。希腊启动的过渡治理模式严重偏离了欧盟的政策背景。事实上,在合法性、包容性、公众参与和整体有效性方面存在重大缺陷。经验证据表明,自上而下的模型比混合模型更清晰。研究结果表明,西马其顿采用的治理模式既没有嵌入空间正义,也没有纳入基于地点的方法。启示:本文从治理和政策制定的角度审视了转型的长期过程,挑战了传统的自上而下的治理模式是最有效和最公平的方法的主张。在这种情况下,过渡管理和空间正义的概念进行了彻底的探讨。“地点”的概念也嵌入在这个讨论中。为此,分析了基于地点的方法的挑战、机遇和缺点。转型本质上是一个多层面、多层次、多主体的过程,有效、公正的转型治理应反映各方意见。从这个意义上说,转型地区的多层次治理模式似乎需要利用不同层次和行动者之间现有的相互作用。原创性和价值:在讨论了关于“管理”和“正义”概念的过渡过程之后,我们将空间正义和基于地点的方法的概念嵌入到治理过渡实践中。在这方面,效率与公平、再分配逻辑(需求、结果)和发展政策(包容性发展)之间的差距可以通过所谓的“空间-领土资本”和空间公正的多层次治理来弥合。
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引用次数: 0
Transnational water resource management in the Karawanken/Karavanke UNESCO Global Geopark 卡拉万肯/卡拉万克世界地质公园的跨国水资源管理
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221831
Lilia Schmalzl, G. Hartmann, M. Jungmeier, D. Komar, Rahel M. Schomaker
PURPOSE: The management of cross-border natural resources has been the focus of research in different disciplines. Nonetheless, beyond theoretical insights, empirical evidence of successful cross-border management or governance of natural resources is still limited, even in the European Union (EU), where a range of instruments are provided to foster cross-border cooperation between its Member States. This is where our paper departs, providing evidence from an example of cross-border cooperation between two Member States of the EU, Austria, and Slovenia, adding to the analytical framework to identify the drivers of successful cross-border cooperation. METHODOLOGY: Drawing from the example of the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) Geopark Karawanken we evaluate the success factors and limits for transboundary cooperation encompassing different forms of cooperation. Furthermore, based on empirical evidence of workshops with local, regional, and national stakeholders, we investigate the potential of the EGTC organizational framework to provide for the successful cross-border management of water resources within the Geopark area. FINDINGS: Our analysis of project bundles, joint ventures/consortia, and EGTCs as possible forms of transboundary cooperation indicates that EGTCs have various advantages over looser forms of cooperation. Higher operational costs for the organization are contrasted by enhanced governance of transboundary activities, in accordance with legal frameworks and representation on both sides of the border. This increases acceptance and facilitates decision-making. Furthermore, it increases the potential for receiving funds in accordance with planned activities and regional requirements, while decreasing the individual financial risk for partners. The genesis of the Karawanken/Karavanke UNESCO Global Geopark (Geopark Karawanken) indicates that looser forms of organization, for instance, project bundles, enable stakeholders to get to know each other without great institutional effort. In the course of increasing integration, the organizational form can be more complex. The experience in developing transboundary, water management instruments shows that even in a more sophisticated form of cooperation like an EGTC, there are remaining obstacles in managing transboundary natural resources. Obstacles result from e.g., national laws and regulations, data standards, monitoring techniques, and soft factors such as language barriers. IMPLICATIONS: The example of the Geopark Karawanken shows that cross-border public authorities can be significantly supported with the introduction of an EGTC. Still, an EGTC tends to exclude private companies or societal actors because they cannot be active members of the Board. Exploring further options for closer integration of the private sector in Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) models may be useful to maintain the opportunity to include much-needed private skills and resources. The experien
目的:跨境自然资源的管理一直是不同学科研究的焦点。尽管如此,除了理论见解之外,成功跨境管理或治理自然资源的经验证据仍然有限,即使在欧盟(EU),也提供了一系列工具来促进其成员国之间的跨境合作。这正是本文的出发点,本文以欧盟两个成员国奥地利和斯洛文尼亚之间的跨境合作为例,为分析框架提供了证据,以确定成功跨境合作的驱动因素。方法:以欧洲领土合作组织(EGTC)卡拉万肯地质公园为例,我们评估了包括不同合作形式的跨界合作的成功因素和限制。此外,基于与地方、区域和国家利益相关者的研讨会的经验证据,我们调查了地质公园区域内水资源成功跨境管理的EGTC组织框架的潜力。研究发现:我们对项目捆绑、合资企业/财团和egtc作为可能的跨境合作形式的分析表明,egtc比更宽松的合作形式具有各种优势。与本组织较高的业务成本形成对比的是,根据法律框架和在边界两侧的代表,加强了对跨界活动的治理。这增加了接受度并促进了决策。此外,它增加了根据计划的活动和区域需要获得资金的可能性,同时减少了合作伙伴的个别财务风险。卡拉万肯/卡拉万肯联合国教科文组织世界地质公园(卡拉万肯地质公园)的起源表明,松散的组织形式,例如项目捆绑,使利益相关者无需付出巨大的机构努力就能相互了解。在提高集成的过程中,组织形式可能会变得更加复杂。在制定跨界水管理文书方面的经验表明,即使采用象EGTC这样更为复杂的合作形式,在管理跨界自然资源方面仍然存在障碍。障碍来自国家法律法规、数据标准、监测技术以及语言障碍等软因素。启示:卡拉万肯地质公园的例子表明,引入地质地质委员会可以极大地支持跨境公共当局。尽管如此,EGTC往往将私营公司或社会行为者排除在外,因为它们不能成为董事会的积极成员。探索在公私伙伴关系(PPP)模式中更紧密地整合私营部门的进一步选择,可能有助于保持将急需的私营技能和资源纳入其中的机会。卡拉万肯地质公园的经验表明,egtc可以并且将成为欧洲许多活动的重要组织形式,例如,在跨境资源、跨境保护区或跨境谓词区域领域。这将支持欧盟通过跨国协议(如绿色协议或生物多样性战略)实现应对气候和生物多样性危机的计划目标。原创性和价值:本文简要概述了欧盟在EGTC背景下的跨国水资源管理,并为从业者提出了成功引入EGTC的潜在挑战。虽然分析各个区域衔接中心的共同经验可能会导致欧洲标准和指南的发展,为这一领土衔接工具的成功奠定基础,但本文提供了第一步,为未来的研究铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 2
Cryptocurrencies as a subject of financial fraud 加密货币成为金融欺诈的主体
IF 1.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7341/20221842
Małgorzata Kutera
PURPOSE: The main purpose of this paper was to identify the current scope of research on cryptocurrencies as a subject of fraud. Detailed research questions related to the determination of contemporary trends of the conducted research and the definition of potential opportunities for further investigation of this topic. One of the questions also concerned identifying the most common crimes committed using cryptocurrencies. METHODOLOGY: The study is based on a systematic literature review (SLR) of 57 publications available on the Scopus database. A bibliometric and descriptive analysis of selected literature items was carried out. Then, vital thematic clusters were separated, and an in-depth content analysis was performed. FINDINGS: The detailed bibliometric and descriptive analysis showed that cryptocurrencies as a subject of financial fraud are generally a new area of scientific research, although it is developing quite intensively. The relatively small number of publications, compared to other similar areas, also indicates that this topic has not yet been explored widely by scientists, and many different research trends can be created in it. Ultimately, the following key research areas were identified: types of cryptocurrency fraud, crime detection methods, risks related to blockchain technology, money laundering, and legal regulations regarding cryptocurrencies. It was also possible to identify that money laundering is currently the most common fraud. However, it has been pointed out that the second most frequent fraud is financial pyramids based on the Ponzi scheme. IMPLICATIONS: The paper clearly presents the main research trends on using cryptocurrencies in criminal activities. At the same time, it was emphasized that, compared to other research areas, this topic is relatively new. Therefore, there is a wide possibility of exploring not only existing but also undiscovered research trends. In addition, key types of fraud in economic practice have been identified, which is particularly important for financial market participants. It was clearly indicated which transactions bear the highest risk. It is also worth paying attention to the critical timeliness of the topic, as the scale of crimes involving cryptocurrencies has recently been growing rapidly. The study confirms the insufficient scope of legal regulations, which are not able to strengthen the security of economic transactions adequately. Therefore, it can be a clear indication for the governments of individual countries or international institutions for further efficient changes to the law. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The contribution of this study is threefold. It is one of the first research papers showing the results of a systematic literature review (SLR) combined with a bibliographic and in-depth analysis of the content of publications in this field. During the work, the VOSviewer software was also used, which enabled objective identification of the main thematic clusters based on th
目的:本文的主要目的是确定当前加密货币作为欺诈主体的研究范围。详细的研究问题与确定所进行的研究的当代趋势有关,并定义进一步调查该主题的潜在机会。其中一个问题还涉及识别使用加密货币犯下的最常见罪行。方法:该研究基于Scopus数据库中57份出版物的系统文献综述(SLR)。对选定的文献项目进行了文献计量学和描述性分析。然后,对重要的专题聚类进行分离,并进行深入的内容分析。研究结果:详细的文献计量学和描述性分析表明,加密货币作为金融欺诈的主题通常是一个新的科学研究领域,尽管它正在迅速发展。与其他类似领域相比,相对较少的出版物也表明该主题尚未被科学家广泛探索,并且可以在其中创建许多不同的研究趋势。最终,确定了以下关键研究领域:加密货币欺诈类型、犯罪侦查方法、与区块链技术相关的风险、洗钱以及与加密货币相关的法律法规。还可以确定,洗钱是目前最常见的欺诈行为。然而,有人指出,第二常见的欺诈是基于庞氏骗局的金融金字塔。含义:本文清楚地介绍了在犯罪活动中使用加密货币的主要研究趋势。同时强调,与其他研究领域相比,本课题相对较新。因此,无论是现有的还是未被发现的研究趋势,都有很大的可能性被探索。此外,经济实践中的关键欺诈类型已经确定,这对金融市场参与者尤为重要。明确指出哪些交易风险最高。随着涉及加密货币的犯罪规模最近迅速增长,这个话题的关键时效性也值得关注。这项研究证实,法律规定的范围不足,无法充分加强经济交易的安全。因此,它可以为各国政府或国际机构进一步有效地修改法律提供明确的指示。原创性和价值:本研究的贡献有三个方面。这是第一批展示系统文献综述(SLR)结果的研究论文之一,结合了参考书目和对该领域出版物内容的深入分析。在工作过程中,还使用了VOSviewer软件,该软件可以根据出版物中包含的关键字的出现次数和链接强度客观地识别主要主题群集。其次,主要的欺诈类型已经确定,同时,造成最重大的经济损失。这为进一步的研究确定了方向,对市场参与者具有深远的实际意义。其中一些涉及开发和实施现代计算机应用程序的需要,以便发现更广泛的新出现的滥用行为。
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引用次数: 6
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Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Innovation
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