{"title":"African Armies: Evolution and Capabilities","authors":"T. Bah, B. Arlinghaus, P. Baker","doi":"10.2307/485659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/485659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/485659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44240154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2018.1546603
Tara Dosumu Diener
ABSTRACT This paper explores the social practices underlying the production of clinical statistics at Princess Christian Maternity Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Combining ethnographic and historical methods, it focuses on the contexts surrounding the point at which the raw data (on which country statistics are generated) are entered into the medical record. This focus sheds light on the hidden, elided, or otherwise unseen aspects of clinical practice that global health stakeholders risk missing when privileging statistical data over direct observation. Direct observation reveals not only how specious data comes to be part of the medical record, but why.
{"title":"“Not a death of that hospital”: the social production of maternity statistics in Freetown","authors":"Tara Dosumu Diener","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2018.1546603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2018.1546603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the social practices underlying the production of clinical statistics at Princess Christian Maternity Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Combining ethnographic and historical methods, it focuses on the contexts surrounding the point at which the raw data (on which country statistics are generated) are entered into the medical record. This focus sheds light on the hidden, elided, or otherwise unseen aspects of clinical practice that global health stakeholders risk missing when privileging statistical data over direct observation. Direct observation reveals not only how specious data comes to be part of the medical record, but why.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2018.1546603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2018.1438973
Daniel B. Domingues da Silva
{"title":"Seven Myths of Africa in World History","authors":"Daniel B. Domingues da Silva","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2018.1438973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2018.1438973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2018.1438973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2017.1345842
D. van den Bersselaar
therapies. Meanwhile, the explosion in the availability of psychotropic drugs over the same period highlighted the liminal space Nigerian psychiatrists occupied: although they positioned themselves as the legitimate gatekeepers of these substances, “it is important to note that their conceptions were idealistic” (183) and that in reality they were powerless to control the sale and usage of these increasingly popular drugs. The strength of the book lies in the compelling case it makes for how Nigerian psychiatrists in the late colonial and early postcolonial eras consciously transformed the field from little more than a racist detention system to a therapeutic model espousing the universal foundations of human psychology. Heaton is adept at highlighting the historicity of these developments, making careful note of how these universal ideals were a direct response to the tiered vision of human psychological sophistication espoused by the colonial regime. In this way, he is able to relate the history of an important profession undergoing profound change while also linking it to broader issues of decolonization and intellectual history. The book makes good use of its source material ‒ in this case mainly documents generated by Nigerian psychiatrists ‒ yet it is limited by this insular approach. While Heaton is a pioneer in this area of Nigerian history, his arguments would have been enriched by contributions from additional non-psychiatric sources ‒ particularly concerning the profession’s popular legitimacy and its strained relationship with “traditional” healers. Also, although the author admirably asserts that psychiatric knowledge was not “a unidirectional power flow” (6) descending from Western sources, the case that Nigerian psychiatrists “have significantly influenced what cross-cultural psychiatrists think and do today” (6) could have been more forcefully made. Heaton does aptly demonstrate that Nigerian psychiatrists contributed to global psychiatric discourse ‒ participating in an unprecedented era of psychiatric globalization (not Westernization) ‒ but because of the book’s tight focus on the Nigerian perspective he is slightly less successful in showing what those contributions meant to the international psychiatric community. Despite these quibbles, White Coats, Black Skin is an important contribution to the history of medicine in Africa and particularly the history of psychiatry in Nigeria. Shedding exciting new light on how psychiatrists participated in the decolonization movement, contributed to the global transcultural psychiatric discourse, and altered the course of mental health care in Africa’s most populous state, this book is valuable reading for scholars of medical, political, and intellectual history in Africa. Well written and tightly organized, it is also a suitable text for upper-level undergraduate courses in the history of medicine in Africa.
{"title":"Nation on Board: Becoming Nigerian at Sea","authors":"D. van den Bersselaar","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2017.1345842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2017.1345842","url":null,"abstract":"therapies. Meanwhile, the explosion in the availability of psychotropic drugs over the same period highlighted the liminal space Nigerian psychiatrists occupied: although they positioned themselves as the legitimate gatekeepers of these substances, “it is important to note that their conceptions were idealistic” (183) and that in reality they were powerless to control the sale and usage of these increasingly popular drugs. The strength of the book lies in the compelling case it makes for how Nigerian psychiatrists in the late colonial and early postcolonial eras consciously transformed the field from little more than a racist detention system to a therapeutic model espousing the universal foundations of human psychology. Heaton is adept at highlighting the historicity of these developments, making careful note of how these universal ideals were a direct response to the tiered vision of human psychological sophistication espoused by the colonial regime. In this way, he is able to relate the history of an important profession undergoing profound change while also linking it to broader issues of decolonization and intellectual history. The book makes good use of its source material ‒ in this case mainly documents generated by Nigerian psychiatrists ‒ yet it is limited by this insular approach. While Heaton is a pioneer in this area of Nigerian history, his arguments would have been enriched by contributions from additional non-psychiatric sources ‒ particularly concerning the profession’s popular legitimacy and its strained relationship with “traditional” healers. Also, although the author admirably asserts that psychiatric knowledge was not “a unidirectional power flow” (6) descending from Western sources, the case that Nigerian psychiatrists “have significantly influenced what cross-cultural psychiatrists think and do today” (6) could have been more forcefully made. Heaton does aptly demonstrate that Nigerian psychiatrists contributed to global psychiatric discourse ‒ participating in an unprecedented era of psychiatric globalization (not Westernization) ‒ but because of the book’s tight focus on the Nigerian perspective he is slightly less successful in showing what those contributions meant to the international psychiatric community. Despite these quibbles, White Coats, Black Skin is an important contribution to the history of medicine in Africa and particularly the history of psychiatry in Nigeria. Shedding exciting new light on how psychiatrists participated in the decolonization movement, contributed to the global transcultural psychiatric discourse, and altered the course of mental health care in Africa’s most populous state, this book is valuable reading for scholars of medical, political, and intellectual history in Africa. Well written and tightly organized, it is also a suitable text for upper-level undergraduate courses in the history of medicine in Africa.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2017.1345842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-17DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2017.1357358
Alison MacAulay
clarify many of the Dutch terms and place names Graham uses), maps and a bibliography. The editors’ comprehensive “Introduction” provides detailed bibliographic details about the author, and contextualizes the issues of race, gender and “education that was fundamental to colonial rule” in Africa (xxv). Graham’s work is an important addition to writing by colonial women who were vocal and active during the war, and who used the plight of the Boer women to advance their careers and foreground their own feminist agendas. These women included Flora Shaw, the first colonial editor of The Times in London; Millicent Fawcett, a British aristocrat and advocate for women’s rights, who equated the Boer women’s incarceration with necessary British military policy; Emily Hobhouse, who collected stories from (mainly middle-class) Boer women to raise sympathy for their living conditions; and Florence Randal of Ottawa, another Canadian teacher, who published monthly columns of her time in South Africa in the Ottawa Journal. The research on these women is a testament to the important recuperative historical work taking place, recovering often overlooked women’s narratives in imperial histories, to reveal the ambiguities of their benevolent work for Empire and their complicity in the spread of hegemonic whiteness at the dawn of the twentieth century.
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Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2017.1307124
Albert Malukisa Nkuku
Abstract “Hybrid governance” appears today as an emerging research current that focuses on the role of non-state institutions and actors to strengthen state institutions that lack legitimacy and capacity in developing countries. By examining the interactions between private and public actors involved in the governance of public motor parks in Lubumbashi, the second city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this article demonstrates that informal taxation can be a decisive support for the perception of an official parking tax.
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Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2016.1252026
R. Bezner Kerr
to military and political action is unclear. while the media reporting surveyed showed there were problems and danger on the horizon, it is apparent in the work that the stories and associated knowledge were unlikely to have compelled more vigorous or alternate action by policy makers. it leaves the question, would more intense, more consistent or more sensational coverage have compelled greater action? From the reporting surveyed by Soderlund and Briggs it is clear that there were conflict dynamics and structures existing in South Sudan but what to do and when remained unclear. The work provides a valuable entry point into South Sudan politics as well as an understanding of the role of the media in conflict. it sets up a number of important questions that need deeper research in the South Sudan and other cases. overall, it is an important contribution to the discourse on how the media influences humanitarian intervention and international action in conflicts. it further raises the spectre of what humanitarian intervention should occur in the face of knowing and reasonably anticipating violence and atrocity.
{"title":"Indigenous African Knowledge Production: Food Processing Practices among Kenyan Rural Women","authors":"R. Bezner Kerr","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2016.1252026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2016.1252026","url":null,"abstract":"to military and political action is unclear. while the media reporting surveyed showed there were problems and danger on the horizon, it is apparent in the work that the stories and associated knowledge were unlikely to have compelled more vigorous or alternate action by policy makers. it leaves the question, would more intense, more consistent or more sensational coverage have compelled greater action? From the reporting surveyed by Soderlund and Briggs it is clear that there were conflict dynamics and structures existing in South Sudan but what to do and when remained unclear. The work provides a valuable entry point into South Sudan politics as well as an understanding of the role of the media in conflict. it sets up a number of important questions that need deeper research in the South Sudan and other cases. overall, it is an important contribution to the discourse on how the media influences humanitarian intervention and international action in conflicts. it further raises the spectre of what humanitarian intervention should occur in the face of knowing and reasonably anticipating violence and atrocity.","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2016.1252026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-03DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2016.1195056
M. Graham
In an important counterpoint to the mainstream historiography on contemporary South Africa that predominantly focuses on urban, mass political activities, in Mandela’s Kinsmen Timothy Gibbs has dir...
{"title":"Mandela’s Kinsmen: Nationalist Elites & Apartheid’s First Bantustan","authors":"M. Graham","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2016.1195056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2016.1195056","url":null,"abstract":"In an important counterpoint to the mainstream historiography on contemporary South Africa that predominantly focuses on urban, mass political activities, in Mandela’s Kinsmen Timothy Gibbs has dir...","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2016.1195056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-20DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2016.1139660
John Sandlos
{"title":"Diamonds in the Rough: Corporate Paternalism and African Professionalism on the Mines of Colonial Angola, 1917–1975","authors":"John Sandlos","doi":"10.1080/00083968.2016.1139660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2016.1139660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44599,"journal":{"name":"CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00083968.2016.1139660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58778294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00083968.2015.1116170
David McDermott Hughes
McMahon highlights how slaves and slaveholders adapted to shifting identities in the age of emancipation. Throughout the book she locates the differences between Pemba and Unguja to local conceptions of honour, class and race/ethnicity. she shows shifts in the meaning of the swahili word heshima, which traditionally meant “honour” but became more associated with “respect” after abolition. in addition, the book reveals how former slaves utilized colonial and indigenous resources from education, reputation, kinship, gossip and witchcraft in attempts to form their identity and a sense of belonging. For instance, during the age of slavery heshima was acquired at birth and linked to wealth, lineage and good behaviour. emancipation forced a transition in the meaning of heshima from “honour” to “respect”; no longer aristocratic heritage but personal achievement. ex-slaves and free citizens acquired heshima by converting to islam and through material acquisition, work, education, new kinship alliances, reputation and conspicuous consumption. ex-slaves built new houses, forged new social ties and appropriated old aristocratic privileges and coastal mannerisms. As the British concentrated power in the colonial courts, the courts became a form of local agency and venue for social contestations between men and women, between slaves and their owners, who were all seeking to claim or affirm their reputation. At the same time a number of people, usually members of the old elite, resorted to uchawi, which McMahon sees as all forms of religio-ritual manifestations ranging from “witchcraft” to healing and spirit possession. The Pembans would not necessarily acknowledge they were wachawi (“witchdoctors”) but uchawi came with respect and admiration from the community as a wachawi had the ability to control people (sometimes through fear/violence). in a sense, uchawi became an avenue of renewed power negotiations between the colonizer and colonial subjects, and among the latter a source of alternative power to British rule. This raises some questions. Did the practice of uchawi actually increase during the course of emancipation? were there more witchdoctors in Pemba during the colonial period than the period before 1897 or were there simply more reports due to growing european – colonial and missionary – interest? Could european interest in uchawi have come from a desire to undermine a perceived challenge to their power? McMahon draws on a range of sources and methods. extensive secondary literature on slavery in Africa is enriched by materials from British, Tanzanian and missionary archives, newspapers and personal interviews. By focusing on culture, McMahon takes us on an informative and well-documented exploration of Pemba society. we see clearly how cultural transformations and rituals tie past and present together, and how one particular cultural concept – heshima – is used in negotiating new ideas, new experiences and new forms of social relations. This study
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