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2014 IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting最新文献

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Triboelectrification of ice 冰的摩擦带电
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978344
H. Shio
In order to investigate whether the triboriboelectrification of ice is affected by an anisotropic hardness at the surface of specimens or not, the author investigated to the triboelectrification using two kinds of specimens, one is hardened specimen, the other is raw specimen. On rubbing with speed 3.4 cm/s, the hardened specimen is always positively charged as against the raw specimen regardless of the difference of temperature, ananisotropy crystalline plane between the specimens. However, the more fast the rubbing velocity become to, the charging tendency is affected by temperature difference, anisotropy of the crystalline plane owing to soften of the hardened specimen with inceasing by frictional heat.
为了研究冰的摩擦起电性是否受到试样表面硬度各向异性的影响,作者采用硬化试样和原始试样两种试样对冰的摩擦起电性进行了研究。在以3.4 cm/s的速度摩擦时,无论试样之间的温度差异,试样之间的非各向异性晶面,硬化试样始终对原始试样带正电荷。但摩擦速度越快,随着摩擦热的增加,硬化试样的软化导致晶面各向异性的增加,从而影响充能趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Real time benefit computation for electric distribution system automation and control 配电系统自动化控制的实时效益计算
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978421
F. Shariatzadeh, S. Chanda, A. Srivastava, A. Bose
Smart grid technologies are expected to increase system efficiency and reliability using advancement in automation, communication, computation and optimization. Several control algorithms have been developed or enhanced for operation and control of smart distribution grid including Fault Detection, Isolation and service Restoration (FDIR), Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR), and Volt/Var Control (VVC). In recent years, VVC algorithms have been proposed for energy saving in distribution systems due to advancement provided by smart grid automation and control. VVC helps to lower distribution feeder voltage to decrease energy consumption. However, quantification of this impact is hard due to several external factors such as weather and end users behavior. On the other hand, existing evaluation methods of VVC algorithms are either not suitable for long-term study or intrusive. This paper addresses these issues by proposing a new technique to estimate `distribution system demand without smart grid implementation' utilizing `data measured from system with smart grid implementation'. Inter-dependency of voltage and load is considered based on estimated load characteristic. An estimation method is developed to find energy saving in real time due to VVC smart grid control algorithms. Developed algorithm is tested on real distribution feeder, implemented in industry and indicates satisfactory results.
智能电网技术有望利用自动化、通信、计算和优化方面的进步来提高系统的效率和可靠性。针对智能配电网的运行和控制,已经开发或增强了几种控制算法,包括故障检测、隔离和服务恢复(FDIR)、馈线优化重构(OFR)和伏特/无功控制(VVC)。近年来,由于智能电网自动化和控制的进步,VVC算法被提出用于配电系统的节能。VVC有助于降低配电馈线电压,减少能源消耗。然而,由于天气和终端用户行为等几个外部因素,很难对这种影响进行量化。另一方面,现有的VVC算法评价方法要么不适合长期研究,要么具有侵入性。本文通过提出一种新技术来解决这些问题,该技术利用“从实施智能电网的系统测量的数据”来估计“没有实施智能电网的配电系统需求”。在估计负荷特性的基础上考虑了电压与负荷的相互依赖关系。提出了一种基于VVC智能电网控制算法的实时节能估计方法。该算法已在实际配电馈电机上进行了验证,并在工业上得到了应用,取得了满意的效果。
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引用次数: 5
Short-term load forecasting using regression based moving windows with adjustable window-sizes 基于可调窗口大小的移动窗口的短期负荷预测
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978380
D. H. Vu, K. Muttaqi, A. Agalgaonkar
This paper presents a regression based moving window model for solving the short-term electricity forecasting problem. Moving window approach is employed to trace the demand pattern based on the past history of load and weather data. Regression equation is then formed and least square method is used to determine the parameters of the model. In this paper, a new concept associated with cooling and heating degree is used to establish the relationship between electricity demand and temperature, which is one of the key climatic variables. In addition, Pearson's correlation has been employed to investigate the interdependency of electricity demand between different time periods. These analyses together with the data in the holiday period provide the supportive information for the appropriate selection of the window size. A case study has been reported in this paper by acquiring the relevant data for the state of New South Wales, Australia. The results are then compared with a neural network based model. The comparison shows that the proposed moving window approach with the different window sizes outperforms conventional neural network technique in small time scales i.e., from 30 minutes to 1 day ahead.
本文提出了一种基于回归的移动窗口模型来解决短期电力预测问题。基于历史负荷和天气数据,采用移动窗口法对需求模式进行跟踪。然后建立回归方程,利用最小二乘法确定模型参数。本文采用与冷热度相关的新概念建立了电力需求与温度的关系,温度是关键的气候变量之一。此外,皮尔逊的相关性已被用于调查电力需求的相互依赖性在不同时期之间。这些分析与假日期间的数据一起为窗口大小的适当选择提供了支持性信息。本文通过获取澳大利亚新南威尔士州的相关数据,报道了一个案例研究。然后将结果与基于神经网络的模型进行比较。对比表明,在30分钟到1天的小时间尺度上,不同窗口大小的移动窗口方法优于传统神经网络技术。
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引用次数: 21
Cooperative control of power conditioners in high-voltage distribution systems comprising a large number of PV systems 由大量光伏系统组成的高压配电系统中电源调节器的协同控制
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978486
K. Fukunaga, A. Takahashi, J. Imai, S. Funabiki
Recently, a large number of photovoltaic systems have been installed in the distribution system. Reverse power flow through the distribution line caused by photovoltaic generation results in the voltage deviation from the specified range. Usually, the photovoltaic system is controlled autonomously using an individual power conditioner. Autonomous control causes inequality of the photovoltaic generation power on the same distribution line. This paper proposes three new cooperative control methods by communicating the information between power conditioners to overcome this problem. This paper discusses five control methods: conventional active power control, conventional active and reactive power control, the proposed cooperative active power control, and two proposed active and reactive cooperative controls. The study evaluates these control methods by the amount of PV generation power and the power loss in one day.
近年来,在配电系统中安装了大量的光伏系统。光伏发电引起的反向潮流通过配电线路,导致电压偏离规定范围。通常,光伏发电系统是使用单独的电源调节器自主控制的。自主控制导致同一配电线上光伏发电功率的不平等。为了克服这一问题,本文提出了三种新的通过空调间信息通信的协同控制方法。本文讨论了五种控制方法:常规有功控制、常规有功与无功控制、提出的合作有功控制和两种提出的有功与无功合作控制。本研究以光伏发电的发电量和一天的电力损耗来评价这些控制方法。
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引用次数: 2
Three dimensional motion picture technologies 三维电影技术
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978440
K. Aoshima, H. Kinjou, K. Machida, D. Kato, K. Kuga, T. Mishina, H. Kikuchi, N. Shimidzu
We introduce various 3D motion picture technologies, from the commercially available stereogram to a spatial image methods such as holography. We show a magneto optical spatial light modulator with sub-micron pixels driven by spin transfer switching (spin SLM) as a holography display device. It has a potential to solve the long-standing narrow viewing zone issue. We have developed the spin SLM with a transistor back plane which plays an important role for extending large scale. The fabricated spin SLM has 10 × 5 pixels with magnetic tunneling junctions with backplane transistors. We have successfully demonstrated its electrical operation with as low current density as 0.6 MA/cm2 which is one of the smallest current density with spin transfer switching, and confirmed its contrast change by magnetization switching in light modulation elements. In summary, we have shown that the Spin SLM with backplane transistor technology could be crucial technology to solve the critical issue for the electrical holography.
我们介绍了各种3D电影技术,从商业上可用的立体图到空间图像方法,如全息。我们展示了一种由自旋转移开关驱动的亚微米像素磁光空间光调制器作为全息显示器件。它有可能解决长期存在的狭窄的观看区问题。我们开发了一种带晶体管背板的自旋SLM,对大规模扩展起着重要的作用。所制备的自旋SLM具有10 × 5像素,具有磁性隧道结和背板晶体管。我们成功地演示了它在低电流密度(0.6 MA/cm2)下的电学工作,这是自旋转移开关的最小电流密度之一,并通过光调制元件的磁化开关证实了它的对比度变化。综上所述,我们已经证明了采用背板晶体管技术的Spin SLM可能是解决电全息关键问题的关键技术。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral characterization of electric vehicle charging loads in a distribution power grid through modeling of battery chargers 基于电池充电器建模的配电网电动汽车充电负荷行为表征
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978412
A. Haidar, K. Muttaqi
Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) is a new atypical load in power systems. In future, PEV load will play a significant role in the distribution grids. This integrated load into the power grid may overload the system components, increase power losses and may violate system constraints. Currently, the most common method of Electric Vehicle (EV) modeling is to consider the EV loads as constant power elements without considering the voltage dependency of EV charging system during state of charges (SOC). EV load demand cannot be considered as a constant power, as modeling as a constant power load will not provide accurate information about the behavior of charging system during charging process. As several research projects on smart grids are now looking into realistic models representing the realistic behavior of an EV loads, this paper proposes a methodology for modeling of EV charger integrated to an electricity grid in order to understand the impacts of EV charging load. A charging system was designed to capture the EV load behavior and extract the coefficients of the EV ZIP load model. A comparative study was carried out with different types of load models. The results indicate that the assumptions of load demand as a constant power to analysis the effect of PEVs on power grid would not be effective in real time application of PEVs.
插电式电动汽车(PEV)是电力系统中一种新的非典型负荷。未来,电动汽车负荷将在配电网中发挥重要作用。这种集成到电网中的负载可能使系统组件过载,增加功率损耗,并可能违反系统约束。目前,最常见的电动汽车建模方法是将电动汽车负载视为恒定功率元件,而不考虑充电状态下电动汽车充电系统的电压依赖性。电动汽车负载需求不能被视为恒定功率,因为作为恒定功率负载的建模将不能提供关于充电过程中充电系统行为的准确信息。鉴于目前智能电网的研究项目都在寻找代表电动汽车负载真实行为的真实模型,本文提出了一种集成到电网中的电动汽车充电器建模方法,以了解电动汽车充电负载的影响。设计了一个充电系统来捕捉电动汽车的负荷行为,并提取电动汽车ZIP负荷模型的系数。并与不同类型的荷载模型进行了对比研究。结果表明,以负荷需求为恒定功率的假设来分析pev对电网的影响在pev的实时应用中是不有效的。
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引用次数: 52
Voltage regulation in mine power distribution systems: Problems and solutions 矿井配电系统的电压调节:问题及解决方法
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978453
L. Morán, J. Espinoza, R. Burgos
Voltage regulation has always been a problem in open pit mine power distribution systems due to long distance cables, continuously changing power distribution topology, and high power pulsating loads. Keeping voltage profile constant at load terminals in the mine pit is very important especially for shovels and drillers. Instantaneous voltage drop affects the shovel's operation triggering drives protections affecting severely mining production. This paper reports operational experience obtained in different copper mine facilities. Voltage regulation analysis of typical power distribution mine systems, showing voltage profile and the effects in shovels and drillers operation is presented. Different practical alternatives are proposed to improve voltage regulations, demonstrating than the use of series active compensation presents important advantages and becomes an interesting alternative.
由于露天矿山电缆距离长、配电拓扑结构不断变化、负载脉动大,电压调节一直是露天矿山配电系统的难题。在矿井中保持负载端电压分布恒定是非常重要的,特别是对于铲车和钻机。瞬时电压降影响铲车运行,触发驱动保护,严重影响矿山生产。本文报告了在不同铜矿设施中取得的运行经验。对典型配电系统的电压调节进行了分析,给出了电压分布及其对铲车和钻机作业的影响。提出了不同的实际替代方案来改善电压调节,表明串联有源补偿具有重要的优势,成为一种有趣的替代方案。
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引用次数: 6
Considerations in the design of grounding system for solar farms 太阳能发电场接地系统设计的注意事项
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978500
E. Enrique, Ibro Hadzismajlovic, B. Shen
A solar farm can be divided in three distinct areas: the substation, the inverter houses and the solar arrays. The interconnection of the grounding grids of these three areas constitutes an extended grounding system. The characteristics of this grounding system are unique to solar farms. There are different factors affecting the performance of this grounding system such as the electric resistivity of the soil at different locations within the farm, the year round weather conditions, the layout of the solar racks and the design of the rack piles. It is critical to take into account all these factors when designing the grounding system to comply with the requirements specified by the codes and standards. These requirements are the touch potential, the step potential and the ground potential rise. The factors affecting the design of the grounding system in a solar farm are described in this study.
一个太阳能发电厂可以分为三个不同的区域:变电站、逆变器房和太阳能电池阵列。这三个地区接地网的互联构成了一个扩展的接地系统。这种接地系统的特点是太阳能农场所独有的。影响该接地系统性能的因素有不同,如农场内不同位置土壤的电阻率、全年的天气条件、太阳能机架的布局和机架桩的设计。在设计符合规范和标准要求的接地系统时,考虑到所有这些因素是至关重要的。这些要求是接触电位、步进电位和地电位上升。本文介绍了影响太阳能电站接地系统设计的因素。
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引用次数: 3
Electronic power transformer to secure the power supply of a mission critical microgrid 确保关键任务微电网供电的电子电力变压器
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978383
Dan Wang, C. Mao, Jiming Lu, Weijen Lee
The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy resources and increasing in participation of demand response from consumers make the microgrid become a favorable option for future power system development. Since some loads are mission critical and require 24/7 uninterruptable supply, a smart microgrid is expected as an effective architecture to serve this purpose. This paper proposes the application of electronic power transformer (EPT) to improve the controllability and reliability of a mission critical microgrid. The application scenarios of EPT in the microgrids are analyzed in detailed. Some case studies including applying the EPTs into a grid connected microgrid, among autonomous microgrids, and between two microgrids are analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate the potential of the EPT in enhancing the controllability and reliability of the microgrid.
分布式可再生能源的渗透率不断提高,消费者需求响应的参与度不断提高,使得微电网成为未来电力系统发展的有利选择。由于一些负载是关键任务,需要24/7不间断供电,因此智能微电网有望作为一种有效的架构来满足这一目的。本文提出应用电子电力变压器(EPT)来提高关键任务微电网的可控性和可靠性。详细分析了EPT在微电网中的应用场景。分析了将EPTs应用于并网微电网、自治微电网之间以及两个微电网之间的一些案例研究。仿真结果验证了EPT在提高微电网的可控性和可靠性方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 5
Motor drive systems reliability: Impact of the environment conditions on the electronic component failure rates 电机驱动系统的可靠性:环境条件对电子元件故障率的影响
Pub Date : 2014-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2014.6978463
Frederico A. L. Souza, P. Pereira, H. Paula, B. Filho, A. Rocha
This article discusses the actual failure rate of electronic components when these are exposed to harsh environments, which can include vibration, dust, humidity, high temperature and others. It presents a compilation on the physico-chemical effects that can take place when electronic components are stressed and how such effects can reduce the component life. It is also presented a compilation of the results of a thorough and comprehensive research on different standards for reliability prediction, along with a critical and comparative analysis between the methodologies and applications related to each one of them. Furthermore, to provide the reader a broader understanding of the methodology used in these standards, an example employing a typical SV-PWM converter used in motor drive systems, submitted to different environmental stresses, is used as a case study.
本文讨论了当电子元件暴露于恶劣环境时的实际故障率,这些环境可能包括振动,灰尘,潮湿,高温等。它介绍了当电子元件受到压力时可能发生的物理化学效应以及这种效应如何减少元件寿命的汇编。它还介绍了对可靠性预测的不同标准进行彻底和全面研究的结果汇编,以及与每个标准相关的方法和应用之间的关键和比较分析。此外,为了让读者更广泛地了解这些标准中使用的方法,采用电机驱动系统中使用的典型SV-PWM转换器的示例,提交给不同的环境应力,作为案例研究。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
2014 IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting
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