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Reencountering Chinese Restaurant Legends During the COVID-19 Pandemic 在COVID-19大流行期间重温中国餐馆传奇
3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfr.2023.a886953
Mu Li
Abstract: Along with the wide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world, anti-Asian—especially anti-Chinese—incidents have risen rapidly, particularly in the United States. This article intends to relate current narratives to established oral tradition and argue for the role that traditional knowledge plays in cross-cultural encounters and contexts. The findings suggest that one strategy to achieve social and interracial integrity is to encourage more intercultural interactions between different groups and to challenge stereotyped ethnic boundaries.
摘要:随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内的广泛传播,反亚洲特别是反华事件迅速上升,尤其是在美国。本文旨在将当前的叙事与既定的口头传统联系起来,并论证传统知识在跨文化接触和背景下所起的作用。研究结果表明,实现社会和种族间完整性的一个策略是鼓励不同群体之间更多的文化间互动,挑战刻板的种族界限。
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引用次数: 0
Humor in the Time of Coronavirus: Pandemic and Expert Health Knowledge 冠状病毒时代的幽默:大流行和专家健康知识
3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfr.2023.a886952
Lisa Gabbert
Abstract: This article describes and classifies some of the memes, jokes, and other forms of humor that circulated on social media, blogs, and websites curated by health-care workers in the United States during the first six months of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. This humor emerged in direct response to the chaotic information environment, an environment in which rumor, gossip, conspiracy theory, bad health information, and legend thrived both within and outside of official institutions such as the White House and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). I argue that the humor shared among health-care professionals can be seen as a response to threats to their authority and expert knowledge that emerged in these forms during the pandemic; they also were a traditional means of temporarily asserting power by inverting unhappy realities in a context in which health-care workers felt they had little power and control and in which their own personal safety was at risk.
摘要:本文描述并分类了2020年冠状病毒大流行的前六个月,由美国卫生保健工作者策划的社交媒体、博客和网站上流传的一些表情包、笑话和其他形式的幽默。这种幽默是对混乱的信息环境的直接回应,在这个环境中,谣言、八卦、阴谋论、不良健康信息和传说在白宫和美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)等官方机构内外蓬勃发展。我认为,卫生保健专业人员之间的幽默可以被视为对大流行期间以这些形式出现的对其权威和专业知识的威胁的回应;它们也是一种传统的维护权力的手段,在保健工作者感到自己几乎没有权力和控制权,而且自己的人身安全受到威胁的情况下,通过扭转不愉快的现实来暂时维护权力。
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引用次数: 0
The Jew as Villain in The Blue Fairy Book's "The Bronze Ring" 蓝色童话《青铜戒指》中的犹太人恶棍
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.3.05
Veronica L. Schanoes
Abstract:Little has been written on the figure of the Jew in traditional European fairy tales. Andrew Lang's The Blue Fairy Book (1889) opens with a little-known fairy tale, "The Bronze Ring," which features a wicked, sorcerous Jew as an antagonist. This essay examines the publication history of this tale and places the figure of the wicked Jewish magician in the context of traditional European Christian antisemitism as well as that of the British reaction to the waves of Ashkenazic Jewish immigration to England in the late nineteenth century. I conclude with a consideration of the role this story plays in the imperialist project of the colored fairy books.
摘要:欧洲传统童话中关于犹太人形象的描写很少。安德鲁·朗的《蓝色童话》(1889年)以一个鲜为人知的童话故事《青铜戒指》开篇,讲述了一个邪恶、肮脏的犹太人作为对手的故事。本文考察了这个故事的出版历史,并将邪恶的犹太魔术师的形象置于传统的欧洲基督教反犹太主义以及英国对19世纪末阿什肯纳兹犹太人移民英国浪潮的反应的背景下。最后,我想一想这个故事在帝国主义的彩色童话计划中扮演的角色。
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引用次数: 0
"Between Respect and Impertinence": Cross-Cultural Engagement with Sardinian Cantu A Tenore “在尊重与专制之间”:与撒丁岛坎图的跨文化交往
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.3.02
C. Campbell, D. Paisley
Abstract:Here we outline several ways that power and identity are asserted and reconfigured through cross-cultural musical encounters, often distancing the "musical explorer" from complex or uncomfortable interactions with members of the communities they source. We take as a case study the founding and formative experiences of the Tenores de Aterue, a US-based quartet devoted to the study and performance of Sardinian cantu a tenore, in particular their interactions with Sardinian musicians and musical connoisseurs, both via YouTube and in their travels to Sardinia. In Part I we propose that a "musical explorer" can refine their practices of cross-cultural engagement by noting the number and range of culture brokers involved in a music's circulation. Part II addresses the possibilities and limitations of audacity (considered a hallmark characteristic of a tenore singers) as enacted by the Tenores de Aterue—outsiders to Sardinian culture and newcomers to cantu a tenore. Part III animates these issues in an extended narrative, recounting a period of heightened discomfort and disorientation in the group's travels. Through this case study, we move beyond determinations of whether appropriation took place in a musical encounter to consider how specific decisions shift power among a range of social actors.
摘要:在这里,我们概述了通过跨文化音乐接触来断言和重新配置权力和身份的几种方式,通常会使“音乐探险家”远离与他们来源的社区成员的复杂或不舒服的互动。我们以Tenores de Aterue的成立和形成经历为案例研究,这是一个总部位于美国的四重奏,致力于研究和表演撒丁岛的一首男高音,特别是他们通过YouTube和前往撒丁岛旅行时与撒丁岛音乐家和音乐鉴赏家的互动。在第一部分中,我们建议“音乐探索者”可以通过注意音乐发行中涉及的文化经纪人的数量和范围来完善他们的跨文化参与实践。第二部分论述了大胆(被认为是男高音歌手的标志性特征)的可能性和局限性,这是由阿泰鲁男高音(撒丁文化的局外人和男高音的新人)制定的。第三部分以扩展的叙事方式对这些问题进行了动画化处理,讲述了一段时间团队旅行中的不适感和迷失方向感加剧。通过这个案例研究,我们超越了对挪用是否发生在音乐遭遇中的确定,而是考虑了具体的决定如何在一系列社会参与者之间转移权力。
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引用次数: 0
On the Creation and Dissemination of Folkloric Discourse: Dance Research, Nationalism, and the Former Yugoslavia 论民俗话语的创造与传播:舞蹈研究、民族主义与前南斯拉夫
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.3.04
Filip Petkovski
Abstract:Since the 1930s, Yugoslav "folk" or "traditional" dances have gained the attention of many scholars who were interested not only in studying their form, but their attachments to nationalism and prevailing political ideologies. Such cultural expressions, which were later labeled as "folklore," developed with Romantic nationalism in the Yugoslav area. In this paper, I argue that through their quest for collecting peasant music and dance expressions for the purpose of creating an archive, folklorists and dance researchers were invested in creating discourses that were directly dependent on the emergence and the politicization of terms such as narodna kultura (folk culture), "folklore," and "tradition." This series of shifts allowed for social dances to assume greater import and provide a source of pride and appreciation for the communities associated with their performance. Finally, I trace the creation and the development of the fields of folklore and ethnochoreology. In order to do so, I analyze the work of dance researchers in Yugoslavia and in independent Macedonia, Serbia, and Croatia, who collected and archived this body of knowledge and published some of the first texts that represent peasant dance as folklore.
摘要:自20世纪30年代以来,南斯拉夫的“民间”或“传统”舞蹈引起了许多学者的注意,他们不仅对其形式感兴趣,而且对其与民族主义和主流政治意识形态的联系感兴趣。这种后来被称为“民间传说”的文化表现形式,是随着南斯拉夫地区的浪漫民族主义而发展起来的。在本文中,我认为民俗学家和舞蹈研究者为了建立档案而收集农民音乐和舞蹈表达,他们致力于创造直接依赖于诸如narodna kultura(民俗文化)、“民间传说”和“传统”等术语的出现和政治化的话语。这一系列的转变使交际舞具有了更大的重要性,并为与其表演相关的社区提供了自豪感和欣赏的来源。最后,对民俗学和民族学领域的产生和发展进行了追溯。为了做到这一点,我分析了南斯拉夫和独立的马其顿、塞尔维亚和克罗地亚的舞蹈研究人员的工作,他们收集并存档了这一知识体系,并发表了一些最早的文本,将农民舞蹈作为民间传说。
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引用次数: 1
The Secret Autobiography of Francis James Child 弗朗西斯·詹姆斯·查尔德的秘密自传
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.3.01
M. J. Bell
Abstract:Beginning in 1847, a year after his graduation from Harvard College, Francis James Child, beloved Harvard professor, first president of the American Folklore Society, and perhaps the greatest ballad scholar of the nineteenth century, began what would become a twenty-year correspondence with his closest college friend and future brother-in-law, William Ellery Sedgwick. Based on this previously unknown cache of letters contained among the Sedgwick family papers deposited at the Massachusetts Historical Society, this essay will examine the first five years of Child's self-described "secret autobiography" for what it tells about the emotional experiences that shaped the man behind the ballads when he was a young, struggling academic trying to establish himself at Harvard, and not yet the patronym for traditional balladry.
摘要:从1847年开始,也就是从哈佛学院毕业一年后,弗朗西斯·詹姆斯·查尔德(Francis James Child)开始了与他最亲密的大学朋友、未来的妹夫威廉·埃勒里·塞奇威克(William Ellery Sedgwick)长达20年的通信。根据塞奇威克家族存放在马萨诸塞州历史学会的文件中的这批以前不为人知的信件,本文将研究Child自述的“秘密自传”的前五年,以了解它“讲述”了叙事诗背后的人年轻时的情感经历,努力在哈佛站稳脚跟的苦苦挣扎的学者,还不是传统民谣的赞助人。
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引用次数: 0
"My Mother, She Butchered Me, My Father, He Ate Me": Vampires, Fairy Tales, and Feminist Filmmaking in The Moth Diaries “我的母亲,她杀了我,我的父亲,他吃了我”:吸血鬼,童话故事,女权主义电影制作在蛾日记
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.3.03
Heidi Kosonen, Pauline Greenhill
Abstract:Director Mary Harron's 2011 film The Moth Diaries is a study of adolescent friendship, a vampire tale, and a story of female self-harm. The sensitive subject matters Moth considers, from self-harm in suicide and anorexia to passionate female companionship, intersect and intertwine where sexuality, death, and alimentary consumption are regulated through the normative discourses influencing their representation in cinema. Moth's narrative contours involving two suicidal adolescent girls, one of whom chooses to live, are familiar in heteronormative Anglo-American cinema, yet Harron's supernatural take and its emphasis on female friendships' role in the protagonist's recovery marks a feminist view on the topic. Main character Rebecca is influenced by her father's suicide, and offered a rescue through heterosexual romance, yet with the help of the vampire and her allusions to ATU 720, "The Juniper Tree," Rebecca gains agency and frees herself. Using crucial scenes and an interview with the director, we deconstruct the film's gendered visual economy of representation, rendered by Harron as a feminist resisting more conventional depictions. We see Moth, in its figure of the woman (sometimes lesbian) vampire, and in references to fairy tale, refusing a conventional understanding of young women's self-harm and recovery in passive, heteronormative modes.
摘要:导演玛丽·哈伦2011年的电影《蛾日记》是一部关于青少年友谊、吸血鬼故事和女性自残的故事的研究。莫思思考的敏感主题,从自杀和厌食症中的自残到热情的女性陪伴,在性、死亡和饮食消费通过影响其在电影中表现的规范话语进行调节的地方,是相互交叉和交织的。莫的叙事轮廓涉及两个自杀的少女,其中一个选择了生活,在非规范的英美电影中很常见,但哈伦的超自然视角及其对女性友谊在主人公康复中的作用的强调,标志着对这个话题的女权主义观点。主角丽贝卡受到了父亲自杀的影响,并通过异性恋浪漫提供了一个救援,但在吸血鬼的帮助下,以及她对ATU 720《杜松子树》的影射,丽贝卡获得了代理权并获得了自由。通过关键场景和对导演的采访,我们解构了这部电影的性别视觉经济表现,哈伦将其描绘成一个抵制更传统描述的女权主义者。我们在《Moth》中看到了女性(有时是女同性恋)吸血鬼的形象,以及对童话故事的引用,拒绝了对年轻女性在被动、非规范模式下自残和康复的传统理解。
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引用次数: 0
Finding Agency in Reciprocity: A Story of Learning 在互惠中寻找中介:一个学习的故事
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.2.06
Lisa Rathje
Abstract:This essay considers the relationship between ethnography, reciprocity, and agency in teaching and learning. Starting with the early articulation of reciprocal ethnography defined by Dr. Elaine Lawless and following the trajectory of her scholarship of reciprocity, the author focuses particularly on the social justice promise of creating dialogical spaces through reciprocity and begins to explore what this may mean for creating new critical understandings about extant cultural social narratives. This is further considered in light of the enactment of reciprocal pedagogy, which, when extended with an aim toward progressive educational goals, centers inquiry which can disrupt normative authority through diverse perspectives. Engaging the powerful assertion that folk arts education can produce a Freirian ([1970] 2005) space of conscientização, or critical consciousness, the examples illustrate the potential for the sharing of analytical and interpretative power in order to create a fissure in the hierarchical world that chronically ascribes discursive power and agency to a limited cohort. Recognizing the relationship between reciprocal ethnography and agency proves liberatory in both classrooms and communities.
摘要:本文探讨了民族志、互惠和教学代理之间的关系。从Elaine Lawless博士定义的互惠民族志的早期阐述开始,并遵循她的互惠学术轨迹,作者特别关注通过互惠创造对话空间的社会正义承诺,并开始探索这对创造对现存文化社会叙事的新的批判性理解可能意味着什么。这是根据互惠教育法的制定而进一步考虑的,当互惠教育法以进步的教育目标为目标时,它以探究为中心,可以通过不同的视角破坏规范权威。这些例子有力地断言,民间艺术教育可以产生一个Freirian([1970]2005)的良心空间,或批判性意识,说明了分享分析和解释权力的潜力,以在等级世界中制造一个长期将话语权和能动性归因于有限群体的裂缝。认识到相互民族志和代理之间的关系在课堂和社区中都是解放的。
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引用次数: 0
When We Blew It: Vulnerability, Trying, and Failure in Ethnographic Fieldwork 当我们搞砸了:民族志田野调查中的脆弱性、尝试和失败
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.2.10
David Todd Lawrence
Abstract:In this essay I consider lessons learned working in collaboration with the people of Pinhook, Missouri and with my former teacher and current research partner, Elaine Lawless, in the years following a terrible human-made disaster. Considering the complexities of positionality in ethnographic research and the specific challenges of our collaboration with the displaced residents of Pinhook, this essay analyses a specific moment of disjuncture between the way key research collaborators came to understand their experience of displacement and recovery, and our understanding of it as researchers and presumed advocates. Accepting the failure inherent in ethnographic research moments such as this one—indeed in the very relationships we engage in with our research collaborators themselves—I offer the beginnings of an approach to that work that embraces failure as an inevitable, necessary, and even productive part of it.
摘要:在这篇文章中,我考虑了在一场可怕的人为灾难发生后的几年里,与密苏里州平胡克市的人们以及我的前老师和现任研究伙伴伊莱恩·劳利斯合作所学到的教训。考虑到民族志研究中立场的复杂性,以及我们与平胡克流离失所居民合作的具体挑战,本文分析了关键研究合作者理解他们流离失所和恢复经历的方式与我们作为研究人员和假定倡导者对其的理解之间的一个特定脱节时刻。接受像这次这样的民族志研究时刻固有的失败——事实上,在我们与研究合作者之间的关系中——我为这项工作提供了一种方法的开端,将失败视为不可避免、必要甚至富有成效的一部分。
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引用次数: 1
"The Emperor's New Clothes": Reciprocal Ethnography and Academic Leadership “皇帝的新衣”:民族志与学术领导力的互动
IF 0.4 3区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2979/jfolkrese.59.2.04
R. Hill
Abstract:The influence of the discipline of folklore on academic leadership has not been widely examined. This essay explores the connections between collaborative ethnographic research—one form of which Elaine Lawless labels reciprocal ethnography—and collaborative approaches to academic leadership through an examination of the author's leadership experience preceding and during the COVID-19 global pandemic.
摘要:民俗学对学术领导的影响尚未得到广泛的研究。本文通过对作者在2019冠状病毒病全球大流行之前和期间的领导经历的考察,探讨了合作民族志研究(伊莱恩·劳利斯称之为互惠民族志的一种形式)与学术领导的合作方法之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
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