Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370109
Johan Avendal, Z. Ying, B. K. Lau
Spatial diversity is a popular multiple antenna system technique, due to its simplicity in implementation. However, its application has thus far been limited to systems where the electrical separation between adjacent antennas typically exceeds half a wavelength. This is because a more compact design induces higher antenna correlation and impedance mismatch, which results in lower diversity gains. In this paper, the performance of a compact multiband diversity antenna is investigated in both simulations and measurements. The dual-antenna structure is designed for the future WCDMA bands of WCDMA850, WCDMA1800 and 3G EU (UMTS), where the antenna separation at the WCDMA850 band is 0.24*wavelength. The measured results indicate that an average effective diversity gain of 7.3 dB at the 1% probability level can be achieved for the three bands.
空间分集技术是一种流行的多天线系统技术，由于其简单的实现。然而，到目前为止，它的应用仅限于相邻天线之间的电间隔通常超过半个波长的系统。这是因为更紧凑的设计会导致更高的天线相关性和阻抗失配，从而导致更低的分集增益。本文从仿真和测量两方面研究了一种小型多波段分集天线的性能。双天线结构是针对WCDMA850、WCDMA1800和3G EU (UMTS)的未来WCDMA频段设计的，其中WCDMA850频段的天线间隔为0.24*波长。测量结果表明，在1%的概率水平下，三个频段的平均有效分集增益可达7.3 dB。
{"title":"Multiband Diversity Antenna Performance Study for Mobile Phones","authors":"Johan Avendal, Z. Ying, B. K. Lau","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370109","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial diversity is a popular multiple antenna system technique, due to its simplicity in implementation. However, its application has thus far been limited to systems where the electrical separation between adjacent antennas typically exceeds half a wavelength. This is because a more compact design induces higher antenna correlation and impedance mismatch, which results in lower diversity gains. In this paper, the performance of a compact multiband diversity antenna is investigated in both simulations and measurements. The dual-antenna structure is designed for the future WCDMA bands of WCDMA850, WCDMA1800 and 3G EU (UMTS), where the antenna separation at the WCDMA850 band is 0.24*wavelength. The measured results indicate that an average effective diversity gain of 7.3 dB at the 1% probability level can be achieved for the three bands.","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121074361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370134
S. Theerawisitpong, T. Suzuki, Y. Watanabe
This research presents a compact modified-meander resonator which has implemented to a microwave narrow bandpass filter in the 3G mobile base stations that operates at 1.95 GHz and 60 MHz of bandwidth. The features of 26% smaller-sized and harmonic-suppression have been proposed, and how the harmonics can be suppressed has also demonstrated in this paper
{"title":"A Compact Modified Meander Resonator for Microwave BPF with Harmonic-Suppression for 3G Mobile Communication System","authors":"S. Theerawisitpong, T. Suzuki, Y. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370134","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a compact modified-meander resonator which has implemented to a microwave narrow bandpass filter in the 3G mobile base stations that operates at 1.95 GHz and 60 MHz of bandwidth. The features of 26% smaller-sized and harmonic-suppression have been proposed, and how the harmonics can be suppressed has also demonstrated in this paper","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126448885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370189
K. Mahdjoubi, S. Collardey, A. Tarot
The radiation pattern and the input impedance of Fabry-Perot and EBG antennas are obtained by respectively plane wave and cylindrical (or spherical) wave expansions. The original procedure applied here leads to simple and rigorous formulas which are very helpful for antenna designers and for understanding the physical behavior of EBG antennas.
{"title":"Input Impedance & Radiation Pattern of Planar EBG Antennas","authors":"K. Mahdjoubi, S. Collardey, A. Tarot","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370189","url":null,"abstract":"The radiation pattern and the input impedance of Fabry-Perot and EBG antennas are obtained by respectively plane wave and cylindrical (or spherical) wave expansions. The original procedure applied here leads to simple and rigorous formulas which are very helpful for antenna designers and for understanding the physical behavior of EBG antennas.","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125221651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370108
A.K. Brown
UWB communication link performance prediction depends heavily on the propagation channel including antenna performance, due principally to the dispersive nature of these effects causing time dilation of the pulse (late arrival multipath) and differential angular dispersion. By the use of a full propagation model, these effects have been studied for specific environments. The importance on the antenna on achievable bit rate in both single and multi-user systems is noted.
{"title":"Antenna and Propagation Effects in UWB Communication - a whole systems view","authors":"A.K. Brown","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370108","url":null,"abstract":"UWB communication link performance prediction depends heavily on the propagation channel including antenna performance, due principally to the dispersive nature of these effects causing time dilation of the pulse (late arrival multipath) and differential angular dispersion. By the use of a full propagation model, these effects have been studied for specific environments. The importance on the antenna on achievable bit rate in both single and multi-user systems is noted.","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125261598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370090
W. Tong, H. Nguyen, Zhirun Hu, C. Caloz
A GaAs MMIC technology of the novel dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) transmission line (TL) is presented. The D-CRLH is the dual of the conventional CRLH in the sense that it consists of an LC parallel-tank impedance and of an LC series-tank admittance. This topological duality results into dual properties. In contrast to the conventional CRLH TL which has LH operation at low-frequency and RH one at high-frequency, the D-LH TL exhibits its LH band at high frequencies and its RH band at low frequencies, a property that may be exploited in various kinds of component and antenna applications. The proposed D-CRLH prototype exhibits a DC to 2.9 GHz right-handed (RH) band and a 5.1 GHz to 6.9 GHz left-handed (LH) band. The results in this paper are obtained from full-wave analysis, and they will be followed next by experimental results
{"title":"Dual Composite Right/Left-Handed (D-CRLH) Transmission Line in GaAs MMIC Technology","authors":"W. Tong, H. Nguyen, Zhirun Hu, C. Caloz","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370090","url":null,"abstract":"A GaAs MMIC technology of the novel dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) transmission line (TL) is presented. The D-CRLH is the dual of the conventional CRLH in the sense that it consists of an LC parallel-tank impedance and of an LC series-tank admittance. This topological duality results into dual properties. In contrast to the conventional CRLH TL which has LH operation at low-frequency and RH one at high-frequency, the D-LH TL exhibits its LH band at high frequencies and its RH band at low frequencies, a property that may be exploited in various kinds of component and antenna applications. The proposed D-CRLH prototype exhibits a DC to 2.9 GHz right-handed (RH) band and a 5.1 GHz to 6.9 GHz left-handed (LH) band. The results in this paper are obtained from full-wave analysis, and they will be followed next by experimental results","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127194709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370129
Y.P. Zhang, M. Sun, K. M. Chua, L. L. Wai, D. Liu, B. Gaucher
An IEEE standards group, 802.15.3c, is defining specifications for 60-GHz radio to use the 7 GHz of unlicensed spectrum to enable very high-data-rate applications such as high-speed Internet access, streaming content downloads, and wireless data bus for cable replacement. An antenna plays a key role in a radio as it has independent properties that affect the radio as a whole. Antenna designs for radio operating at 60 GHz or above are turning to antenna-on-chip (AoC) and antenna-in-package (AiP) solutions. In this paper we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of two novel AiPs in ceramic ball grid array packages using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology for 60-GHz radio. LTCC process can embed high-quality passives in low loss ceramic substrates, while allowing active devices to be mounted on/in them. The LTCC process produces mechanically strong, hermetically sealed, thermally conductive, chemically inert, and dimensionally stable structures with high yield. Therefore, the LTCC process has recently been added to the narrow list of technologies capable of realizing millimeter-wave wireless systems
{"title":"Antenna-in-Package in LTCC for 60-GHz Radio","authors":"Y.P. Zhang, M. Sun, K. M. Chua, L. L. Wai, D. Liu, B. Gaucher","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370129","url":null,"abstract":"An IEEE standards group, 802.15.3c, is defining specifications for 60-GHz radio to use the 7 GHz of unlicensed spectrum to enable very high-data-rate applications such as high-speed Internet access, streaming content downloads, and wireless data bus for cable replacement. An antenna plays a key role in a radio as it has independent properties that affect the radio as a whole. Antenna designs for radio operating at 60 GHz or above are turning to antenna-on-chip (AoC) and antenna-in-package (AiP) solutions. In this paper we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of two novel AiPs in ceramic ball grid array packages using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology for 60-GHz radio. LTCC process can embed high-quality passives in low loss ceramic substrates, while allowing active devices to be mounted on/in them. The LTCC process produces mechanically strong, hermetically sealed, thermally conductive, chemically inert, and dimensionally stable structures with high yield. Therefore, the LTCC process has recently been added to the narrow list of technologies capable of realizing millimeter-wave wireless systems","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134166671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370176
S. Schild, N. Chavannes, N. Kuster
A novel method is proposed to treat thin conductive (TC) sheets of arbitrary three-dimensional shape and curvature with the electromagnetic (EM) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm without the need to resolve the sheet thickness spatially. It is shown that due their physical properties. TC sheets can be modeled without introducing additional field components to the conventional Yee scheme. Due to this noninvasive approach, in addition to the preserved stability of the FDTD algorithm. the method can be directly applied to any existing FDTD kernel, such as parallelized or hardware accelerated versions. The method, implemented within the framework of a professional EM FDTD software package, has been developed to be applied to and tested on real-world applications such as mobile phones.
{"title":"Accurate Treatment of Arbitrarily Curved 3D Thin Conductive Sheets in Real-World FDTD Applications","authors":"S. Schild, N. Chavannes, N. Kuster","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370176","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method is proposed to treat thin conductive (TC) sheets of arbitrary three-dimensional shape and curvature with the electromagnetic (EM) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm without the need to resolve the sheet thickness spatially. It is shown that due their physical properties. TC sheets can be modeled without introducing additional field components to the conventional Yee scheme. Due to this noninvasive approach, in addition to the preserved stability of the FDTD algorithm. the method can be directly applied to any existing FDTD kernel, such as parallelized or hardware accelerated versions. The method, implemented within the framework of a professional EM FDTD software package, has been developed to be applied to and tested on real-world applications such as mobile phones.","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134310375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370078
J. Villanen, J. Poutanen, C. Icheln, P. Vainikainen
In this paper, the frequency dependence of bandwidth, SAR and radiation efficiency of mobile terminal antennas are studied at wide frequency range, from 0.6 GHz to 6 GHz. Two antenna models are studied with simulations in free space and in talk-position beside a head model and two hand models. The results show a connection between chassis resonant frequencies, impedance bandwidth, SAR, and radiation efficiency, increase in SAR and decrease in radiation efficiency occur when bandwidth reaches its maximum due to a chassis resonance. Above 3 GHz this trend is shown to be not valid any more, as radiation of the antenna/coupling element become dominant. The results of the paper provide novel and useful information for the antenna designers of future mobile terminals
{"title":"A Wideband Study of the Bandwidth, SAR and Radiation Efficiency of Mobile Terminal Antenna Structures","authors":"J. Villanen, J. Poutanen, C. Icheln, P. Vainikainen","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370078","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the frequency dependence of bandwidth, SAR and radiation efficiency of mobile terminal antennas are studied at wide frequency range, from 0.6 GHz to 6 GHz. Two antenna models are studied with simulations in free space and in talk-position beside a head model and two hand models. The results show a connection between chassis resonant frequencies, impedance bandwidth, SAR, and radiation efficiency, increase in SAR and decrease in radiation efficiency occur when bandwidth reaches its maximum due to a chassis resonance. Above 3 GHz this trend is shown to be not valid any more, as radiation of the antenna/coupling element become dominant. The results of the paper provide novel and useful information for the antenna designers of future mobile terminals","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115036107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370170
Shi Cheng, E. Ojefors, J. Magrell, K. Hjort, A. Ryderg
This paper presents a low-profile inverted-F antenna for 3D integrated wireless sensor applications at the 2.4 GHz "industrial, scientific, medical" band (ISM). The proposed antenna with an equivalent model of the 3D integrated wireless sensor was simulated assuming in free-space conditions and fabricated on a piece of thick commercial FR-4 epoxy laminate combined with a stair configuration metal block. Both the impedance and radiation performance of the proposed antenna integrated in the wireless sensor cube were experimentally measured and then optimized. The measurements show that about 60 MHz -10 dB return loss bandwidth and -8.3 dBi gain are achieved at 2.4 GHz. Although the proposed antenna has low radiation efficiency due to the limited available space and the lossy epoxy based FR-4 substrate, it features a low-profile and cost effective solution for the particular applications.
{"title":"Inverted-F Antenna for 3D Integrated Wireless Sensor Applications","authors":"Shi Cheng, E. Ojefors, J. Magrell, K. Hjort, A. Ryderg","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370170","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a low-profile inverted-F antenna for 3D integrated wireless sensor applications at the 2.4 GHz \"industrial, scientific, medical\" band (ISM). The proposed antenna with an equivalent model of the 3D integrated wireless sensor was simulated assuming in free-space conditions and fabricated on a piece of thick commercial FR-4 epoxy laminate combined with a stair configuration metal block. Both the impedance and radiation performance of the proposed antenna integrated in the wireless sensor cube were experimentally measured and then optimized. The measurements show that about 60 MHz -10 dB return loss bandwidth and -8.3 dBi gain are achieved at 2.4 GHz. Although the proposed antenna has low radiation efficiency due to the limited available space and the lossy epoxy based FR-4 substrate, it features a low-profile and cost effective solution for the particular applications.","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124231420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-03-21DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2007.370142
M. TajDini, M. Shahabadi
A compact planar wideband microstrip antenna is introduced. The antenna is a log-periodic antenna with 7 dipole elements. The antenna is designed to function in the frequency range of 500 to 700 MHz. It has a dimension of 268 mm by 145 mm by 3 mm. The matching is better than -10 dB in the working bandwidth. The proposed antenna generates linear polarization. Its maximum gain is 4.5 dB at the central frequency. It provides a low-cost alternative to the conventional Yagi-Uda TV antennas
{"title":"Wideband Planar Log-Periodic Antenna","authors":"M. TajDini, M. Shahabadi","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2007.370142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2007.370142","url":null,"abstract":"A compact planar wideband microstrip antenna is introduced. The antenna is a log-periodic antenna with 7 dipole elements. The antenna is designed to function in the frequency range of 500 to 700 MHz. It has a dimension of 268 mm by 145 mm by 3 mm. The matching is better than -10 dB in the working bandwidth. The proposed antenna generates linear polarization. Its maximum gain is 4.5 dB at the central frequency. It provides a low-cost alternative to the conventional Yagi-Uda TV antennas","PeriodicalId":446281,"journal":{"name":"2007 International workshop on Antenna Technology: Small and Smart Antennas Metamaterials and Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120958173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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