Kshara’ is related to ‘Paka’ (preparation) and ‘vidhi’ (application). Because of its superiority among the sharper andauxiliary instruments, caustic alkali performs excision, incision, and scarification, alleviating three doshas and being used forspecific functions. Among the para-surgical measures, all three- Agni (cauterization), Kshara (caustic alkali), and Jalauka (leeches)are important. Still, kshara is the chief because operations excision, incision, etc., cannot be performed by Agni and Jalauka. It isalso applied for specific purposes, such as in Arsha caused by Pitta. This article will be essential in containing from the smallest todeepest knowledge of Akshara, which is available in classics & articles in scattered forms. This study intends to gather allinformation related to Kshara and elaborate on their properties as mentioned in classics, especially in Sushruta Samhita andRasashashtra. The method followed here thoroughly analyzes Sushruta Samhita, its commentaries, and various research articlesthat surfed online. It is found that Sushruta Samhita explains full information regarding Kshara, types, indications, andcontraindications.In contrast, certain dravya, which are not explained as Kshara but possess Kshara properties, are also discussed.The research provides thorough literature & critical review of Kshara, its sources, and their properties which can benefit manydiseases in terms of application in different forms. In this study, the aim is to gather information about Kshara mentioned inclassics and articles. This study aims to collect information about Kshara from traditional and scholarly sources.
{"title":"Concept of Kshara and Its Sources in Ayurveda- A Critical Review","authors":"Shreya Soni, Sheetal Asutkar, Sandeep Kumar Upadhyay, Amar Pundlik Kadav","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l72-l85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l72-l85","url":null,"abstract":"Kshara’ is related to ‘Paka’ (preparation) and ‘vidhi’ (application). Because of its superiority among the sharper andauxiliary instruments, caustic alkali performs excision, incision, and scarification, alleviating three doshas and being used forspecific functions. Among the para-surgical measures, all three- Agni (cauterization), Kshara (caustic alkali), and Jalauka (leeches)are important. Still, kshara is the chief because operations excision, incision, etc., cannot be performed by Agni and Jalauka. It isalso applied for specific purposes, such as in Arsha caused by Pitta. This article will be essential in containing from the smallest todeepest knowledge of Akshara, which is available in classics & articles in scattered forms. This study intends to gather allinformation related to Kshara and elaborate on their properties as mentioned in classics, especially in Sushruta Samhita andRasashashtra. The method followed here thoroughly analyzes Sushruta Samhita, its commentaries, and various research articlesthat surfed online. It is found that Sushruta Samhita explains full information regarding Kshara, types, indications, andcontraindications.In contrast, certain dravya, which are not explained as Kshara but possess Kshara properties, are also discussed.The research provides thorough literature & critical review of Kshara, its sources, and their properties which can benefit manydiseases in terms of application in different forms. In this study, the aim is to gather information about Kshara mentioned inclassics and articles. This study aims to collect information about Kshara from traditional and scholarly sources.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"309 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l531-l542
Jahnavi Purna Gorripati, Surekha Dubey Godbole
Obstructive sleep apnea (O.S.A.), also referred to as obstructive sleep hypopnea – is a sleep disorder that involvescessation or significant decrease in airflow in the presence of breathing effort. It is the most common type of sleep-disorderedbreathing. It is characterized by episodes of total or partial airway collapse and decreased oxygen saturation or sleep arousal. Asa result of this disturbance, sleep is interrupted and non-restorative. It significantly raises morbidity and mortality in both developedand developing countries. This review aims to review relevant studies on obstructive sleep apnea. The method used is acomputerized search method, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, diagnostic procedures, and therapeuticchoices from the literature. The effects of O.S.A. on cardiovascular health, mental disease, quality of life, and driving safety aresevere. This course of action highlights the interprofessional team's involvement in treating obstructive sleep apnea, itspathophysiology, and its causes.
{"title":"Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Jahnavi Purna Gorripati, Surekha Dubey Godbole","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l531-l542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l531-l542","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea (O.S.A.), also referred to as obstructive sleep hypopnea – is a sleep disorder that involvescessation or significant decrease in airflow in the presence of breathing effort. It is the most common type of sleep-disorderedbreathing. It is characterized by episodes of total or partial airway collapse and decreased oxygen saturation or sleep arousal. Asa result of this disturbance, sleep is interrupted and non-restorative. It significantly raises morbidity and mortality in both developedand developing countries. This review aims to review relevant studies on obstructive sleep apnea. The method used is acomputerized search method, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, complications, diagnostic procedures, and therapeuticchoices from the literature. The effects of O.S.A. on cardiovascular health, mental disease, quality of life, and driving safety aresevere. This course of action highlights the interprofessional team's involvement in treating obstructive sleep apnea, itspathophysiology, and its causes.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"230 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l368-l374
Dr. Prasanna R. Sonar, Dr. Aarati S. Panchbhai
Digital imaging has transformed the field of medical and dental imaging by overcoming many of the drawbacks ofconventional film-based radiographs. These alterations, however, are hidden behind a background of typical anatomical featuresand are not readily visible, making it difficult for the human eye to discern them. One image-enhancing method or tool that solvesthis issue is digital subtraction radiography, which has recently found usage in a number of dental specialties. Quantitative measuresfrom digital subtraction pictures have been validated as a result of the development of digital imaging technology. Moreover,changes made to computer software have made the clinical use of subtraction imaging more adaptable. Digital subtraction radiologyhas significantly improved the ability to find oral and maxillofacial lesions. Comparing standardised radiographs acquired duringsuccessive examination sessions is done using digital subtraction radiography. Any structures that have not changed are removed,and these regions are shown in the subtraction picture as neutral grey areas, whilst parts that have altered are shown as deeperor brighter shades of grey. Yet, there is not much analysis of this often used method in the literature. The purpose of this articleis to examine this technology, its applications in different areas of dentistry, and its potential for detecting a range of disorders.This review article highlights its basic principles, applications, technique, advantages, disadvantages and future scope of digitalsubtraction radiography in dentistry.
{"title":"Digital Subtraction Radiography in Dentistry: An Overview","authors":"Dr. Prasanna R. Sonar, Dr. Aarati S. Panchbhai","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l368-l374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l368-l374","url":null,"abstract":"Digital imaging has transformed the field of medical and dental imaging by overcoming many of the drawbacks ofconventional film-based radiographs. These alterations, however, are hidden behind a background of typical anatomical featuresand are not readily visible, making it difficult for the human eye to discern them. One image-enhancing method or tool that solvesthis issue is digital subtraction radiography, which has recently found usage in a number of dental specialties. Quantitative measuresfrom digital subtraction pictures have been validated as a result of the development of digital imaging technology. Moreover,changes made to computer software have made the clinical use of subtraction imaging more adaptable. Digital subtraction radiologyhas significantly improved the ability to find oral and maxillofacial lesions. Comparing standardised radiographs acquired duringsuccessive examination sessions is done using digital subtraction radiography. Any structures that have not changed are removed,and these regions are shown in the subtraction picture as neutral grey areas, whilst parts that have altered are shown as deeperor brighter shades of grey. Yet, there is not much analysis of this often used method in the literature. The purpose of this articleis to examine this technology, its applications in different areas of dentistry, and its potential for detecting a range of disorders.This review article highlights its basic principles, applications, technique, advantages, disadvantages and future scope of digitalsubtraction radiography in dentistry.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"232 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The solubility enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble drugs presents a significant challenge in pharmaceuticalformulation. Liquisolid technology, also known as powdered solution technology, has emerged as a promising approach toenhance the solubility and bioavailability of such drugs. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the novel approachesemployed within the framework of Liquisolid technology to overcome solubility limitations. The study explores the principles,advantages, and applications of Liquisolid technology in drug formulation, highlighting its potential to revolutionize oralmedication delivery. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of Liquisolid technology in enhancing drug solubility,elucidate its underlying mechanisms, and evaluate its impact on drug dissolution, bioavailability, and therapeutic outcomes. Theobjectives are to review the background and challenges associated with poor solubility of drugs, introduce the concept ofLiquisolid technology and its principles, discuss the advantages and benefits of Liquisolid technology in solubility enhancement,explore the formulation strategies and key components involved in Liquisolid formulations, evaluate the in vitro and in vivoperformance of Liquisolid systems, and identify future research directions and potential applications of Liquisolid technology inpharmaceutical development. Through this comprehensive analysis, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the novelapproaches based on Liquisolid technology for enhancing drug solubility, facilitating the development of effective and efficientdrug delivery systems. Liquisolid technology, a novel approach to solubility enhancement, offers promising advantages overconventional techniques. It involves solubilizing poorly aqueous soluble drugs using surfactants, then incorporating thesesolubilized drugs into a carrier system or powdered solution. The powdered solution facilitates the conversion of the solubilizeddrug into solid residues, which can be further processed into different dosage forms.
{"title":"Novel Approaches to Enhance Solubility Medicine","authors":"Anurag Kumar Yadav, Harsh Kumar Pandey, Aditya Shiven","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p217-p233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p217-p233","url":null,"abstract":"The solubility enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble drugs presents a significant challenge in pharmaceuticalformulation. Liquisolid technology, also known as powdered solution technology, has emerged as a promising approach toenhance the solubility and bioavailability of such drugs. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the novel approachesemployed within the framework of Liquisolid technology to overcome solubility limitations. The study explores the principles,advantages, and applications of Liquisolid technology in drug formulation, highlighting its potential to revolutionize oralmedication delivery. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of Liquisolid technology in enhancing drug solubility,elucidate its underlying mechanisms, and evaluate its impact on drug dissolution, bioavailability, and therapeutic outcomes. Theobjectives are to review the background and challenges associated with poor solubility of drugs, introduce the concept ofLiquisolid technology and its principles, discuss the advantages and benefits of Liquisolid technology in solubility enhancement,explore the formulation strategies and key components involved in Liquisolid formulations, evaluate the in vitro and in vivoperformance of Liquisolid systems, and identify future research directions and potential applications of Liquisolid technology inpharmaceutical development. Through this comprehensive analysis, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the novelapproaches based on Liquisolid technology for enhancing drug solubility, facilitating the development of effective and efficientdrug delivery systems. Liquisolid technology, a novel approach to solubility enhancement, offers promising advantages overconventional techniques. It involves solubilizing poorly aqueous soluble drugs using surfactants, then incorporating thesesolubilized drugs into a carrier system or powdered solution. The powdered solution facilitates the conversion of the solubilizeddrug into solid residues, which can be further processed into different dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"54 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135454969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l86-l91
Swapnil Bhoyar, Dr. Sourabh Deshmukh, Dr. Trupti Thakre, Utkarsha Khaire
The description of Katigraha is not available as a separate entity in the classics. It is described amongst the eighty by Nanatmaja Vatavyadhi in the Charak Samhita. Ayurveda provides a horizon for such patients with its miraculous treatments of Panchakarma, Shamana, Rasayana, Agnikarma, etc. Lumbar canal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar region, resulting in a neurological deficit that produces symptoms like pain, numbness, paraesthesia, and loss of motor function. Abnormal weight distribution combined with soft tissue laxity and instability over a prolonged period allows for excessive joint play and buckling of the posterior annular fibres of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The main treatment protocol, according to Ayurveda, is the use of both purification and palliative treatment. This case report represents a 56-year-old male patient who came to the OPD complaining of pain in his lumbar, hip, and legs; tingling sensation; stiffness; and walking difficulty. At Kati Pradesh, the trauma caused by the fall led to the vitiation of Vata and kha- vaigunya. Additionally, Agnimandya was already there, which caused ama to develop. He was given both Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa. There was a significant improvement in the symptoms, and the patient could do his routine work without any support. This case and its results show that this therapy is effective in lumbar canal stenosis and should be done in a large population. Patients with lumbar canal stenosis can be effectively treated with Panchkarma procedures and oral medications without surgical intervention.
{"title":"Management of Katigraha Through Ayurveda – A Case Report","authors":"Swapnil Bhoyar, Dr. Sourabh Deshmukh, Dr. Trupti Thakre, Utkarsha Khaire","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l86-l91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l86-l91","url":null,"abstract":"The description of Katigraha is not available as a separate entity in the classics. It is described amongst the eighty by Nanatmaja Vatavyadhi in the Charak Samhita. Ayurveda provides a horizon for such patients with its miraculous treatments of Panchakarma, Shamana, Rasayana, Agnikarma, etc. Lumbar canal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar region, resulting in a neurological deficit that produces symptoms like pain, numbness, paraesthesia, and loss of motor function. Abnormal weight distribution combined with soft tissue laxity and instability over a prolonged period allows for excessive joint play and buckling of the posterior annular fibres of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The main treatment protocol, according to Ayurveda, is the use of both purification and palliative treatment. This case report represents a 56-year-old male patient who came to the OPD complaining of pain in his lumbar, hip, and legs; tingling sensation; stiffness; and walking difficulty. At Kati Pradesh, the trauma caused by the fall led to the vitiation of Vata and kha- vaigunya. Additionally, Agnimandya was already there, which caused ama to develop. He was given both Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa. There was a significant improvement in the symptoms, and the patient could do his routine work without any support. This case and its results show that this therapy is effective in lumbar canal stenosis and should be done in a large population. Patients with lumbar canal stenosis can be effectively treated with Panchkarma procedures and oral medications without surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"730 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136372451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l293-l299
Dr. Manisha Panda, Dr. Renu B. Rathi, Dr. Jyothy K B, Dr. Srihari S
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifested by a constant pattern of inattention and/ or hyperactivityimpulsivity which hinders with functioning and development of brain. Inattention refers to difficulty in focusing due to lack of grasping/ retaining things which are instructed to do. Hyperactivity refers to the constant movements when the situation is not appropriate. Impulsivity means one may act without thinking or having difficulty with self-control, it may also involve inability to delay gratification. Systematic reviews illustrate that globally, community prevalence rate is between 2% and 7% with an average of around 5%. Our aim is to prove the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of ADHD. Objectives are to reduce the symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity significantly according to DSM-V criteria. A male patient aged 7 years was brought by his parents to the Paediatric OPD with complaints of lack of concentration since duration of 4 years, easy irritability, shouting, head banging and inability to speak sentences properly, then by interrogation and physical examination the patient was diagnosed to be suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with reference to DSM-V criteria. Then he was given Ayurvedic interventions while receiving three sittings of treatment. Results & discussion include significant reduction of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity under DSM-5 criteria was observed in the patient after three sittings of treatment because of the mode of action of the drugs in the respective formulations and the strengthening therapy of the procedures done during the sittings. Therefore, we conclude this case study establishes the fact that ADHD can be managed by Ayurvedic interventions so that the child can be able to perform his daily activities. This multimodal approach along with occupational therapy works as wonder in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
{"title":"Role of Ayurveda in Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"Dr. Manisha Panda, Dr. Renu B. Rathi, Dr. Jyothy K B, Dr. Srihari S","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l293-l299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l293-l299","url":null,"abstract":"ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifested by a constant pattern of inattention and/ or hyperactivityimpulsivity which hinders with functioning and development of brain. Inattention refers to difficulty in focusing due to lack of grasping/ retaining things which are instructed to do. Hyperactivity refers to the constant movements when the situation is not appropriate. Impulsivity means one may act without thinking or having difficulty with self-control, it may also involve inability to delay gratification. Systematic reviews illustrate that globally, community prevalence rate is between 2% and 7% with an average of around 5%. Our aim is to prove the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of ADHD. Objectives are to reduce the symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity significantly according to DSM-V criteria. A male patient aged 7 years was brought by his parents to the Paediatric OPD with complaints of lack of concentration since duration of 4 years, easy irritability, shouting, head banging and inability to speak sentences properly, then by interrogation and physical examination the patient was diagnosed to be suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with reference to DSM-V criteria. Then he was given Ayurvedic interventions while receiving three sittings of treatment. Results & discussion include significant reduction of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity under DSM-5 criteria was observed in the patient after three sittings of treatment because of the mode of action of the drugs in the respective formulations and the strengthening therapy of the procedures done during the sittings. Therefore, we conclude this case study establishes the fact that ADHD can be managed by Ayurvedic interventions so that the child can be able to perform his daily activities. This multimodal approach along with occupational therapy works as wonder in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"270 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l37-l44
Dr. Akshay Kumar, Dr. Devyani Dasar, Dr. Pariksha Sharma
: In Ayurveda, "shatkriyakal" sanchaya, prakopa, prasara, sthanasanshraya, vyakti, and bheda explains the causes of diseaseprogression, or its etiopathogenesis. These six stages represent the six opportunities for a doctor to treat the condition beforeit becomes severe. It is a composite expression of the words Kriya and Kala. Kriya denotes the choice of therapy (medication,diet, and daily routine) used to treat the Dosha disruption, and Kala denotes the stage of a disease's progression. The idea ofKriyakala has been described by the ancient Indian surgeon Sushruta. Many authors have tried writing and compiling thereferences or information in classical texts. Still, there is no single article that not only compiles the textual references but alsoexplains its appropriate applied aspect or correlates its stages in the progression of surgical disorders. The present study alsotries to correlate to stages of disease progression in modern medicine with examples to show its importance today. Theobjective of this study is to review all the literature related to Shatkriyakala in classical texts of Ayurveda and compile it in asingle place to gain comprehensive knowledge about its applied aspects and make readers mind-research oriented to think ofmanagement of disease in that stage to prevent complication. The study can be used for easy referencing for conducting furtherresearch. As this review includes a step-by-step explanation and correlation of the pathogenesis of surgical diseases, there willbe an opportunity for practitioners to provide some evidence-based medicine to incept the disease in that stage to preventdisease progression and further complications.
{"title":"Conceptual Study of Shatkriyakala and Its Applicability in Surgical Diseases","authors":"Dr. Akshay Kumar, Dr. Devyani Dasar, Dr. Pariksha Sharma","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l37-l44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l37-l44","url":null,"abstract":": In Ayurveda, \"shatkriyakal\" sanchaya, prakopa, prasara, sthanasanshraya, vyakti, and bheda explains the causes of diseaseprogression, or its etiopathogenesis. These six stages represent the six opportunities for a doctor to treat the condition beforeit becomes severe. It is a composite expression of the words Kriya and Kala. Kriya denotes the choice of therapy (medication,diet, and daily routine) used to treat the Dosha disruption, and Kala denotes the stage of a disease's progression. The idea ofKriyakala has been described by the ancient Indian surgeon Sushruta. Many authors have tried writing and compiling thereferences or information in classical texts. Still, there is no single article that not only compiles the textual references but alsoexplains its appropriate applied aspect or correlates its stages in the progression of surgical disorders. The present study alsotries to correlate to stages of disease progression in modern medicine with examples to show its importance today. Theobjective of this study is to review all the literature related to Shatkriyakala in classical texts of Ayurveda and compile it in asingle place to gain comprehensive knowledge about its applied aspects and make readers mind-research oriented to think ofmanagement of disease in that stage to prevent complication. The study can be used for easy referencing for conducting furtherresearch. As this review includes a step-by-step explanation and correlation of the pathogenesis of surgical diseases, there willbe an opportunity for practitioners to provide some evidence-based medicine to incept the disease in that stage to preventdisease progression and further complications.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"48 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l411-l420
Dr. Ankita Gyanchandani, Dr. Samarth Shukla, None Dr. RavindraKadu
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which makes up 80–90% of all malignant neoplasms of the mouth, is the mostcommon type of oral cancer. Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in diagnostic pathology by aiding in identifying andclassifying tumors IHC is utilized to study the distribution and localization of specific proteins. Identifying diagnostic markers forOSCC is essential for early diagnosis and patient-specific treatment. Cytokeratins (CK) are a family of intermediate filamentspredominantly expressed in epithelial cells. The study aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical expression cytokeratin 17 in 50cases of microscopically confirmed OSCC. The present study was observational, with retrospective and prospective sampling.The study was carried out for two years, from 2020 to 2022. The present study was designed to determine CK 17 expressionby IHC and to correlate CK 17 expression with Broders grading of OSCC and other clinical pathologic parameters.Immunostaining for CK 17 was performed. The statistical analysis was done by chi-square test. In this study, there was asignificant correlation between CK 17 expression and Broders grading, and CK 17, when correlated with other clinic pathologicparameters, showed no significant correlation. It was concluded that Cytokeratin17 expression could correlate with theBroders' Grading, thus contributing to early detection and more accurate determination of tumor aggressiveness to determineappropriate therapy.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Cytokeratin 17 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Dr. Ankita Gyanchandani, Dr. Samarth Shukla, None Dr. RavindraKadu","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l411-l420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.l411-l420","url":null,"abstract":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which makes up 80–90% of all malignant neoplasms of the mouth, is the mostcommon type of oral cancer. Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in diagnostic pathology by aiding in identifying andclassifying tumors IHC is utilized to study the distribution and localization of specific proteins. Identifying diagnostic markers forOSCC is essential for early diagnosis and patient-specific treatment. Cytokeratins (CK) are a family of intermediate filamentspredominantly expressed in epithelial cells. The study aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical expression cytokeratin 17 in 50cases of microscopically confirmed OSCC. The present study was observational, with retrospective and prospective sampling.The study was carried out for two years, from 2020 to 2022. The present study was designed to determine CK 17 expressionby IHC and to correlate CK 17 expression with Broders grading of OSCC and other clinical pathologic parameters.Immunostaining for CK 17 was performed. The statistical analysis was done by chi-square test. In this study, there was asignificant correlation between CK 17 expression and Broders grading, and CK 17, when correlated with other clinic pathologicparameters, showed no significant correlation. It was concluded that Cytokeratin17 expression could correlate with theBroders' Grading, thus contributing to early detection and more accurate determination of tumor aggressiveness to determineappropriate therapy.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"234 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmaceutical co-crystal belongs to a subtype of crystal in which one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the other is coformer (generally regarded as safe GRAS). In the crystal lattice, the two components are hydrogen-bonded in a fixed stoichiometric ratio. Co-crystallization is a cheap and simple alternative to the presently available techniques of solubility enhancement and has gained much interest from the formulators during the recent few years. Because co-crystals can enhance the physiochemical properties of pharmaceuticals without affecting their therapeutic effect, the area of pharmaceutical co-crystals has reached a tipping point. Besides increasing solubility, some more applications of co-crystals have also been identified to enhance physicochemical properties like permeability, bioavailability, stability, tablet ability, etc. Co-crystals have been extensively studied in the literature, and there is a tremendous amount of literature on co-crystals. However, an exhaustive review of coformer selection and co-crystal regulation must be included. An effort has been made in the review to fill this void. The current study focuses on how co-crystallization can enhance the pharmaceutical characteristics of different drugs, besides giving an overview of the historical background and landmarks in discovering co-crystals. In this review paper, we have discussed the rational design of co-crystals and the selection of conformers for the synthesis of multi-component co-crystals, methods like H-bonding, PKa value, Synthonic engineering, Cambridge structural database, Hansen solubility parameter (HSP), etc as well as the IPR related details all across the world. There is an attempt to include reported works on co-crystals, which helps understand the concept. This review paper discusses pharmaceutical regulatory bodies in the US and Europe released guidelines that are highly useful for pharmaceutical product registration in these regions. Here, we also examine various commercially available pharmaceutical drug products. It also briefly predicts the future perspective of co-crystallization.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Co-Crystallization: Strategies for Co-Crystal Design","authors":"Preeti Devi, Vikas Budhwar, Saloni Kakkar, Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p87-p105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p87-p105","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical co-crystal belongs to a subtype of crystal in which one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the other is coformer (generally regarded as safe GRAS). In the crystal lattice, the two components are hydrogen-bonded in a fixed stoichiometric ratio. Co-crystallization is a cheap and simple alternative to the presently available techniques of solubility enhancement and has gained much interest from the formulators during the recent few years. Because co-crystals can enhance the physiochemical properties of pharmaceuticals without affecting their therapeutic effect, the area of pharmaceutical co-crystals has reached a tipping point. Besides increasing solubility, some more applications of co-crystals have also been identified to enhance physicochemical properties like permeability, bioavailability, stability, tablet ability, etc. Co-crystals have been extensively studied in the literature, and there is a tremendous amount of literature on co-crystals. However, an exhaustive review of coformer selection and co-crystal regulation must be included. An effort has been made in the review to fill this void. The current study focuses on how co-crystallization can enhance the pharmaceutical characteristics of different drugs, besides giving an overview of the historical background and landmarks in discovering co-crystals. In this review paper, we have discussed the rational design of co-crystals and the selection of conformers for the synthesis of multi-component co-crystals, methods like H-bonding, PKa value, Synthonic engineering, Cambridge structural database, Hansen solubility parameter (HSP), etc as well as the IPR related details all across the world. There is an attempt to include reported works on co-crystals, which helps understand the concept. This review paper discusses pharmaceutical regulatory bodies in the US and Europe released guidelines that are highly useful for pharmaceutical product registration in these regions. Here, we also examine various commercially available pharmaceutical drug products. It also briefly predicts the future perspective of co-crystallization.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of people and needs to be addressed. Alternativestrategies are required for better diabetes management, as evidenced by the high costs of modern medicines. The field of herbalmedicine research has been gaining significant importance in the last few decades, and the demand to use natural products in thetreatment of diabetes is increasing across the globe. Traditional plant medicines are used worldwide for a range of diabeticcomplications. Terminalia chebula is one of the widely used traditional medicine by diabetic patients. In this present work,Terminalia chebula fruits were used for the potential of anti-diabetic activity. The phytochemical investigation revealed that itsfruit contains high amounts of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The percolation method was followed byusing T. chebula fruit for the extraction, further fractionating with different solvents, n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate, n- Butanol, andwater. When ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula was tested, it was found to have significant effects on blood glucose levels. Itsuggests that it can be used as an antidiabetic agent. Gallic acid and quercetin were compounds identified by NMR, MS, andUPLC analysis. Molecular docking studies of designed compounds were carried out through Auto Dock Vina [1.1.2] toinvestigate the interaction with PPAR-γ associated with diabetes, and pkCSM software was used for ADMET analysis. Thus, theresult of the study proved that the ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula had good potential as an antidiabetic, and this plant can beused to discover natural bioactive compounds that may serve for the advances of novel pharmaceutical development. Moreover,the compounds found in the extract could be used to develop new pharmaceuticals for diabetes treatment.
糖尿病是一种影响数百万人的慢性代谢紊乱，需要得到解决。正如现代药物的高成本所证明的那样，需要采取替代策略来更好地管理糖尿病。在过去的几十年里，草药研究领域已经获得了显著的重要性，在全球范围内，使用天然产品治疗糖尿病的需求正在增加。传统植物药物在世界范围内用于治疗一系列糖尿病并发症。白芷是糖尿病患者广泛使用的中药之一。在本研究中，研究了桔梗果的抗糖尿病活性。植物化学研究表明，其果实含有大量的单宁、生物碱、黄酮类、萜类和苷类。采用渗透提取法，用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水等不同溶剂进行萃取。当检测到桔梗的乙酸乙酯提取物时，发现它对血糖水平有显著的影响。这表明它可以作为一种抗糖尿病药。未食子酸和槲皮素经NMR、MS和uplc分析鉴定。通过Auto Dock Vina[1.1.2]对设计的化合物进行分子对接研究，以研究与糖尿病相关的PPAR-γ的相互作用，并使用pkCSM软件进行ADMET分析。因此，研究结果表明，chebula乙酸乙酯提取物具有良好的抗糖尿病潜力，可以利用该植物发现天然生物活性化合物，为新型药物开发提供基础。此外，提取物中发现的化合物可用于开发治疗糖尿病的新药。
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Chemical Compounds from Terminalia Chebula for Anti-Diabetic Evaluation Through In-Silico Approach","authors":"None Shikha, Rahul Thapa, Girish Chandra Arya, Saahil Arora","doi":"10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p318-p331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.6.p318-p331","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of people and needs to be addressed. Alternativestrategies are required for better diabetes management, as evidenced by the high costs of modern medicines. The field of herbalmedicine research has been gaining significant importance in the last few decades, and the demand to use natural products in thetreatment of diabetes is increasing across the globe. Traditional plant medicines are used worldwide for a range of diabeticcomplications. Terminalia chebula is one of the widely used traditional medicine by diabetic patients. In this present work,Terminalia chebula fruits were used for the potential of anti-diabetic activity. The phytochemical investigation revealed that itsfruit contains high amounts of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The percolation method was followed byusing T. chebula fruit for the extraction, further fractionating with different solvents, n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate, n- Butanol, andwater. When ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula was tested, it was found to have significant effects on blood glucose levels. Itsuggests that it can be used as an antidiabetic agent. Gallic acid and quercetin were compounds identified by NMR, MS, andUPLC analysis. Molecular docking studies of designed compounds were carried out through Auto Dock Vina [1.1.2] toinvestigate the interaction with PPAR-γ associated with diabetes, and pkCSM software was used for ADMET analysis. Thus, theresult of the study proved that the ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula had good potential as an antidiabetic, and this plant can beused to discover natural bioactive compounds that may serve for the advances of novel pharmaceutical development. Moreover,the compounds found in the extract could be used to develop new pharmaceuticals for diabetes treatment.","PeriodicalId":44665,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research","volume":"54 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：