Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382720
L. Alberti, N. Bianchi, S. Bolognani
In the design of the lamination of an induction motor (IM) for an elevator system, the geometry is not optimized for achieving optimal performance at a given power, but to achieve "adequate" performance for a complete set of power ratings. The proposed approach for this purpose is based on a combined finite element and analytical analysis of the motor. This strategy proves to be rapid and accurate at the same time. Suitable parameters have been chosen to emphasize the dependence on the motor length and the number of turns of the winding. Experimental tests on some IM prototypes confirm the accuracy of the prediction achieved by the proposed analysis.
{"title":"Lamination Design of a Set of Induction Motors for Elevator Systems","authors":"L. Alberti, N. Bianchi, S. Bolognani","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382720","url":null,"abstract":"In the design of the lamination of an induction motor (IM) for an elevator system, the geometry is not optimized for achieving optimal performance at a given power, but to achieve \"adequate\" performance for a complete set of power ratings. The proposed approach for this purpose is based on a combined finite element and analytical analysis of the motor. This strategy proves to be rapid and accurate at the same time. Suitable parameters have been chosen to emphasize the dependence on the motor length and the number of turns of the winding. Experimental tests on some IM prototypes confirm the accuracy of the prediction achieved by the proposed analysis.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127878397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383630
W. Hong, Wootaik Lee, Byoung-Kuk Lee
This paper proposes the advanced model of brushless dc motor drives considered behaviour of commutation and waveform of for dynamic simulation of automotive application under Matlab/Simulink environment. We need a model of BLDC motor drives that control algorithm and BLDC motor drive system can be designed and simulated as a point of system level. The model has to consider commutation phenomenon. A waveform of back-EMF of BLDC motor can be modified to depend on BLDC motor type. To satisfy above factors need a co-simulation technique with other circuit level simulation tools. However, there are severe constraints, i.e. simulation speed and interface with tools. The advanced model proposed in this paper considers behaviour of commutation and waveform of back-EMF for comprehensive analysis and prediction of dynamic characteristics of BLDC motor drives. The commutation phenomenon is implemented by functional behaviour description and back-EMF is modelled by pattern of waveform. The developed model is split into few parts with object-oriented manner for reusability and scalability. It is easily integrated with other models of automotive application.
{"title":"Dynamic Simulation of Brushless DC Motor Drives Considering Phase Commutation for Automotive Applications","authors":"W. Hong, Wootaik Lee, Byoung-Kuk Lee","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383630","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the advanced model of brushless dc motor drives considered behaviour of commutation and waveform of for dynamic simulation of automotive application under Matlab/Simulink environment. We need a model of BLDC motor drives that control algorithm and BLDC motor drive system can be designed and simulated as a point of system level. The model has to consider commutation phenomenon. A waveform of back-EMF of BLDC motor can be modified to depend on BLDC motor type. To satisfy above factors need a co-simulation technique with other circuit level simulation tools. However, there are severe constraints, i.e. simulation speed and interface with tools. The advanced model proposed in this paper considers behaviour of commutation and waveform of back-EMF for comprehensive analysis and prediction of dynamic characteristics of BLDC motor drives. The commutation phenomenon is implemented by functional behaviour description and back-EMF is modelled by pattern of waveform. The developed model is split into few parts with object-oriented manner for reusability and scalability. It is easily integrated with other models of automotive application.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129179590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382764
C. Hwang, S. Cheng, P.L. Li
This paper presents a winding design technique for three phase permanent magnet (PM) motors. The winding factor and the emf total harmonic distortion are provided. A computer- aided design (CAD) program was developed and implemented using the Visual Basic language. Finite element analysis (FEA) program was linked into the CAD program to calculate the motor performances.
{"title":"An Automatic Winding Layout Technique for Permanent Magnet Machines","authors":"C. Hwang, S. Cheng, P.L. Li","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382764","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a winding design technique for three phase permanent magnet (PM) motors. The winding factor and the emf total harmonic distortion are provided. A computer- aided design (CAD) program was developed and implemented using the Visual Basic language. Finite element analysis (FEA) program was linked into the CAD program to calculate the motor performances.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"49 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129267124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382761
A. Gharakhani, A. Radan
Application of the multi-level converters such as neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter for driving the medium voltage induction motors makes more voltage vectors available for a direct torque control (DTC) method and hence more degrees of freedom in selection of voltage vectors when compared to conventional two-level inverter applications. This can be gained for improving inverter performance indices such as variations of neutral point voltage and/or the switching frequency imposed to NPC inverter. This paper propose a convenient strategy for selecting adequate switching states minimizing both the variation of neutral point voltage and the switching frequency of inverter. This helps the designers to increase the power density of inverter and to reduce the size of DC link capacitors resulting in a considerable reduction of drive costs. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
{"title":"A Novel Strategy for Minimizing the Variation of Neutral Point Voltage and Switching Frequency in DTC Controlled, NPC Driven Induction Motors","authors":"A. Gharakhani, A. Radan","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382761","url":null,"abstract":"Application of the multi-level converters such as neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter for driving the medium voltage induction motors makes more voltage vectors available for a direct torque control (DTC) method and hence more degrees of freedom in selection of voltage vectors when compared to conventional two-level inverter applications. This can be gained for improving inverter performance indices such as variations of neutral point voltage and/or the switching frequency imposed to NPC inverter. This paper propose a convenient strategy for selecting adequate switching states minimizing both the variation of neutral point voltage and the switching frequency of inverter. This helps the designers to increase the power density of inverter and to reduce the size of DC link capacitors resulting in a considerable reduction of drive costs. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121603619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383662
Yunkai Huang, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Q. Hu
In a high-speed motor, core loss is much greater than other losses and is the main source of heat due to the high operating frequency. Therefore it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. The rotational core loss model is employed in this paper. Practical methods considering the alternating magnetic filed only are also presented, which are useful to designers who do not have rotational core loss data. The three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is used to calculate the accurate temperature distribution. Core losses are coupled directly into thermal calculation by keeping the same hexahedral mesh structure between magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis. These methods are applied to a 2 kW, 20 krpm high-speed claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core, and the results are compared and discussed finally.
{"title":"Core Loss and Thermal Behavior of High-Speed SMC Motor Based on 3-D FEA","authors":"Yunkai Huang, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Q. Hu","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383662","url":null,"abstract":"In a high-speed motor, core loss is much greater than other losses and is the main source of heat due to the high operating frequency. Therefore it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. The rotational core loss model is employed in this paper. Practical methods considering the alternating magnetic filed only are also presented, which are useful to designers who do not have rotational core loss data. The three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is used to calculate the accurate temperature distribution. Core losses are coupled directly into thermal calculation by keeping the same hexahedral mesh structure between magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis. These methods are applied to a 2 kW, 20 krpm high-speed claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core, and the results are compared and discussed finally.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126594423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383665
M. Arehpanahi, J. Milimonfared
In this paper a new method for coupling between electric and magnetic circuit using surface current method (SCM) is proposed. In this method inductance of coils is calculated via SCM. SCM simulation results with 416 meshes are compared with analytical and finite element method with 1600 meshes that they are very close together.
{"title":"Electrical and Magnetic Circuit Coupling Using Surface Current Method","authors":"M. Arehpanahi, J. Milimonfared","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383665","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new method for coupling between electric and magnetic circuit using surface current method (SCM) is proposed. In this method inductance of coils is calculated via SCM. SCM simulation results with 416 meshes are compared with analytical and finite element method with 1600 meshes that they are very close together.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122210598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383651
X. Wang, R. McMahon, P. Tavner
This paper discusses the design of the brushless doubly-fed (induction) machine (BDFM). It is focused on the evaluation of the electric and magnetic loadings of the machine and their allocation to two stator windings. A method of estimating the back iron flux density is presented. The electric and magnetic loadings are assessed for a prototype BDFM. The limits of back iron flux and the electric & magnetic loadings are treated as constraints in an iterative method of machine design which optimizes the division of electric and magnetic loadings between two stators windings of the BDFM. This method was applied to optimize stator windings of the prototype BDFM for maximum motoring output with constraint on power factor of the power winding. A comparison between the original and redesigned BDFMs is presented with experimental verification.
{"title":"Design of the Brushless Doubly-Fed (Induction) Machine","authors":"X. Wang, R. McMahon, P. Tavner","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383651","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design of the brushless doubly-fed (induction) machine (BDFM). It is focused on the evaluation of the electric and magnetic loadings of the machine and their allocation to two stator windings. A method of estimating the back iron flux density is presented. The electric and magnetic loadings are assessed for a prototype BDFM. The limits of back iron flux and the electric & magnetic loadings are treated as constraints in an iterative method of machine design which optimizes the division of electric and magnetic loadings between two stators windings of the BDFM. This method was applied to optimize stator windings of the prototype BDFM for maximum motoring output with constraint on power factor of the power winding. A comparison between the original and redesigned BDFMs is presented with experimental verification.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116229859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383655
A. Al-Zaben, W. Abu-Elhaija, M. Alomoush
Traditionally, power system signals have been analyzed by techniques based on Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform for the purposes of identifying abnormal conditions and power quality issues. Distinguishing the inrush currents and fault currents in power transformers is an essential task for protection purposes. Detecting, discriminating and severity ranking of different unbalanced conditions of power transformers may prevent damage of transformers and supplied loads. The paper presents a wavelet-based approach to analyze the inrush currents of a three-phase power transformer in order to detect and rank severity of anticipated unbalanced conditions. As will be shown by the simulated results, the paper reveals that wavelet entropy, which has been adopted in this paper, is a reliable and an efficient tool that facilitates the accurate discrimination of abnormalities in transformer currents and to investigate the unbalanced conditions.
{"title":"Identification of Three Phase Transformer Abnormal Conditions Using Wavelet Entropy","authors":"A. Al-Zaben, W. Abu-Elhaija, M. Alomoush","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383655","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, power system signals have been analyzed by techniques based on Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform for the purposes of identifying abnormal conditions and power quality issues. Distinguishing the inrush currents and fault currents in power transformers is an essential task for protection purposes. Detecting, discriminating and severity ranking of different unbalanced conditions of power transformers may prevent damage of transformers and supplied loads. The paper presents a wavelet-based approach to analyze the inrush currents of a three-phase power transformer in order to detect and rank severity of anticipated unbalanced conditions. As will be shown by the simulated results, the paper reveals that wavelet entropy, which has been adopted in this paper, is a reliable and an efficient tool that facilitates the accurate discrimination of abnormalities in transformer currents and to investigate the unbalanced conditions.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115736669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382705
G. Mirzaeva, R. Betz
Natural field orientation (NFO) is a simplified version of stator flux oriented (SFO) control for an induction machine. The essential difference from traditional SFO is that NFO does not estimate the stator flux magnitude but assumes that it's equal to the reference value. The NFO algorithm only requires knowledge of the stator resistance and is extremely simple to implement. However, it has been found that NFO has stability problems under regeneration. Also when implemented on a current fed induction machine, the control frame has an undesirable tendency to misalign with respect to the stator flux vector. This paper examines both the above issues in detail. It proposes a solution that mitigates this undesirable behaviour and, at the same time, retains the inherent simplicity of the NFO control scheme. The findings of the paper are substantiated by simulation and experimental results.
{"title":"An Improved Natural Field Orientation Control of a Current Fed Induction Machine","authors":"G. Mirzaeva, R. Betz","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382705","url":null,"abstract":"Natural field orientation (NFO) is a simplified version of stator flux oriented (SFO) control for an induction machine. The essential difference from traditional SFO is that NFO does not estimate the stator flux magnitude but assumes that it's equal to the reference value. The NFO algorithm only requires knowledge of the stator resistance and is extremely simple to implement. However, it has been found that NFO has stability problems under regeneration. Also when implemented on a current fed induction machine, the control frame has an undesirable tendency to misalign with respect to the stator flux vector. This paper examines both the above issues in detail. It proposes a solution that mitigates this undesirable behaviour and, at the same time, retains the inherent simplicity of the NFO control scheme. The findings of the paper are substantiated by simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131245855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383597
T. Wolbank, P. Macheiner
In the past years the incident of fault conditions in modern drives has increased. One reason for that loss of reliability is the fast switching of the power electronics applied that puts additional stress to all components of the machine. Besides the stator isolation breakdown and the rotor bar defect the degradation of the bearings has been given increased attention recently from both industry and academia. Bearing defect is the most frequent source of a drive breakdown and at the same time this type of defect is the most difficult to detect. Monitoring methods based on frequency analysis like fourier or wavelet transform are facing problems with the additional harmonics introduced by the inverter, the load, as well as the high dynamic control of the machine itself that have to be separated from the harmonics induced by the bearing defect. In this paper an online method based on the time step response of the machine current is investigated and the influence of the pole pair number on the resulting fault indication signal is discussed. In a machine with one pole pair, eccentricity leads to very distinct changes in the offset values of the resulting signal caused by a change in the phase values of the leakage inductances. This effect diminishes with increasing pole pair number making it necessary to identify other indicators. This other indicators are found in the signal components linked to the slotting of the machine. Their magnitude is increased by a factor 3-4 making it suitable to determine the airgap eccentricity of the machine. Measurement results on machines with different pole pair numbers specially manufactured to accurately change and measure the airgap are presented and evaluation methods to detect defect bearings at different types of machines are suggested.
{"title":"Detection of airgap asymmetry in induction machines with different pole pair number using the current step response","authors":"T. Wolbank, P. Macheiner","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383597","url":null,"abstract":"In the past years the incident of fault conditions in modern drives has increased. One reason for that loss of reliability is the fast switching of the power electronics applied that puts additional stress to all components of the machine. Besides the stator isolation breakdown and the rotor bar defect the degradation of the bearings has been given increased attention recently from both industry and academia. Bearing defect is the most frequent source of a drive breakdown and at the same time this type of defect is the most difficult to detect. Monitoring methods based on frequency analysis like fourier or wavelet transform are facing problems with the additional harmonics introduced by the inverter, the load, as well as the high dynamic control of the machine itself that have to be separated from the harmonics induced by the bearing defect. In this paper an online method based on the time step response of the machine current is investigated and the influence of the pole pair number on the resulting fault indication signal is discussed. In a machine with one pole pair, eccentricity leads to very distinct changes in the offset values of the resulting signal caused by a change in the phase values of the leakage inductances. This effect diminishes with increasing pole pair number making it necessary to identify other indicators. This other indicators are found in the signal components linked to the slotting of the machine. Their magnitude is increased by a factor 3-4 making it suitable to determine the airgap eccentricity of the machine. Measurement results on machines with different pole pair numbers specially manufactured to accurately change and measure the airgap are presented and evaluation methods to detect defect bearings at different types of machines are suggested.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131531266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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