Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383688
A. Sharaf, E. Elbakush, I.H. Alias, H. Okumus
This paper presents a switched mode model of a permanent magnet DC motor drive with a robust control scheme. The switched mode simulation model is developed for a using the Matlab/Simulink GUI environment. The model is based on the switching/pulsing sequence of the DC-DC chopper converter, which is used to supply controlled variable DC armature voltage to the motor. As the modulated DC voltage is applied to the motor, the energy stored in armature winding and rotating armature inertia is varied and need to be included in the model. In order to operate the motor at specified speed level with the required electrical torque for different load excursions, the DC-DC chopper converter is dynamically controlled by the General Predictive Speed Controller (GPC). The GPC is used as the main speed regulator due to its inherent ability to handle parameter variations and sudden excursions as an adaptive controller in nature. The performance of the GPC Scheme is validated by comparing the digital simulation results with those of obtained using the classical PI speed controller.
{"title":"A Switched Mode Simulation Model for a PMDC Motor Scheme Controlled by Predictive Dynamic Controller","authors":"A. Sharaf, E. Elbakush, I.H. Alias, H. Okumus","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383688","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a switched mode model of a permanent magnet DC motor drive with a robust control scheme. The switched mode simulation model is developed for a using the Matlab/Simulink GUI environment. The model is based on the switching/pulsing sequence of the DC-DC chopper converter, which is used to supply controlled variable DC armature voltage to the motor. As the modulated DC voltage is applied to the motor, the energy stored in armature winding and rotating armature inertia is varied and need to be included in the model. In order to operate the motor at specified speed level with the required electrical torque for different load excursions, the DC-DC chopper converter is dynamically controlled by the General Predictive Speed Controller (GPC). The GPC is used as the main speed regulator due to its inherent ability to handle parameter variations and sudden excursions as an adaptive controller in nature. The performance of the GPC Scheme is validated by comparing the digital simulation results with those of obtained using the classical PI speed controller.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126999174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383697
H. Okumus, M. Aktas
Hysteresis band control is one of the simplest and most popular techniques used in direct torque control (DTC) of induction machine drives. However the conventional fixed band hysteresis control has a variable switching frequency which causes serious problems in DTC. In this paper, the adaptive hysteresis band control strategy is proposed, where the hysteresis band is controlled in real time as variation of applied voltage vectors. Thereby reducing the torque ripple whilst maintaining a constant torque switching frequency. The proposed adaptive hysteresis band control technique is verified by simulations. The system is first simulated by MATLAB and tested by hardware in the loop. Then, it is implemented based on a TMS320C6711, 32-bit fixed point digital signal processor. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy as compared with the conventional method.
{"title":"Direct Torque Control of Induction Machine Drives Using Adaptive Hysteresis Band for Constant Switching Frequency","authors":"H. Okumus, M. Aktas","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383697","url":null,"abstract":"Hysteresis band control is one of the simplest and most popular techniques used in direct torque control (DTC) of induction machine drives. However the conventional fixed band hysteresis control has a variable switching frequency which causes serious problems in DTC. In this paper, the adaptive hysteresis band control strategy is proposed, where the hysteresis band is controlled in real time as variation of applied voltage vectors. Thereby reducing the torque ripple whilst maintaining a constant torque switching frequency. The proposed adaptive hysteresis band control technique is verified by simulations. The system is first simulated by MATLAB and tested by hardware in the loop. Then, it is implemented based on a TMS320C6711, 32-bit fixed point digital signal processor. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy as compared with the conventional method.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128040630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382698
R. Leidhold, P. Mutschler
The Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) method is investigated for modeling the synchronous-linear-motor characteristics used by sensorless methods. The characteristics of interest are the magnetic saliencies due to the saturation that the secondary flux produces in the primary, and saliencies modification due to the load. They are not represented in the standard Fundamental-Wave model, and the usual tool for analyzing them is the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Nevertheless, as the FEA models require extremely high computation time for dynamic simulations, the use of MEC is proposed to be used in this paper. The MEC is derived from the motor geometry, magnetic characteristics of the involved materials, and the winding arrangement. Consequently, with this model, a sensorless method can be analyzed and simulated for a given motor design before its prototype is build. In order to test the model, the injection of a high-frequency alternating voltage, as used in some sensorless methods, is simulated with the proposed model as well as implemented experimentally. The obtained results show agreement between them, demonstrating that the model is viable for analysis of sensorless methods.
{"title":"Evaluation of Sensorless Methods for Synchronous-Linear-Motors by using a Magnetic Equivalent Circuit based Model","authors":"R. Leidhold, P. Mutschler","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382698","url":null,"abstract":"The Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) method is investigated for modeling the synchronous-linear-motor characteristics used by sensorless methods. The characteristics of interest are the magnetic saliencies due to the saturation that the secondary flux produces in the primary, and saliencies modification due to the load. They are not represented in the standard Fundamental-Wave model, and the usual tool for analyzing them is the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Nevertheless, as the FEA models require extremely high computation time for dynamic simulations, the use of MEC is proposed to be used in this paper. The MEC is derived from the motor geometry, magnetic characteristics of the involved materials, and the winding arrangement. Consequently, with this model, a sensorless method can be analyzed and simulated for a given motor design before its prototype is build. In order to test the model, the injection of a high-frequency alternating voltage, as used in some sensorless methods, is simulated with the proposed model as well as implemented experimentally. The obtained results show agreement between them, demonstrating that the model is viable for analysis of sensorless methods.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132560090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382780
A. Haddoun, M. Benbouzid, D. Diallo, R. Abdessemed, J. Ghouili, K. Srairi
This paper presents system analysis, modeling and simulation of an EV with two independent rear wheel drives. The traction control system is designed to guarantee the EV dynamics and stability in case of no differential gears. Using two electrics in-wheel motors give the possibility to have a torque and speed control in each wheel. This control level improves the EV stability and the safety. The proposed traction control system uses the vehicle speed, which is different from wheels speed characterized by slip in the driving mode, an input. In this case, a generalized neural network algorithm is proposed to estimate the vehicle speed. In terms of the analysis and the simulations carried out, the conclusion can be drawn that the proposed system is feasible. Simulation results on a test vehicle propelled by two 37-kW induction motors showed that the proposed control approach operates satisfactorily.
{"title":"Analysis, Modeling and Neural Network Traction Control of an Electric Vehicle without Differential Gears","authors":"A. Haddoun, M. Benbouzid, D. Diallo, R. Abdessemed, J. Ghouili, K. Srairi","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382780","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents system analysis, modeling and simulation of an EV with two independent rear wheel drives. The traction control system is designed to guarantee the EV dynamics and stability in case of no differential gears. Using two electrics in-wheel motors give the possibility to have a torque and speed control in each wheel. This control level improves the EV stability and the safety. The proposed traction control system uses the vehicle speed, which is different from wheels speed characterized by slip in the driving mode, an input. In this case, a generalized neural network algorithm is proposed to estimate the vehicle speed. In terms of the analysis and the simulations carried out, the conclusion can be drawn that the proposed system is feasible. Simulation results on a test vehicle propelled by two 37-kW induction motors showed that the proposed control approach operates satisfactorily.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133347147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383640
M. Drif, A. Cardoso
Detection of broken rotor bars has long been an important but difficult job in the detection area of motor faults. The characteristic frequency components of a faulted rotor in the stator current spectrum are very close to the power frequency component but by far less in amplitude, which brings about great difficulty for accurate detection. In this paper a new detection method based on the instantaneous phase-angle signature analysis is proposed for the diagnosis of rotor cage faults in operating three-phase induction motors. For that purpose, a mathematical model based on the winding function approach is used in order to simulate this type of fault and experimental tests are carried out on an induction motor with several faulty rotors. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the merits of this novel approach for the detection of cage induction motor broken rotor bars.
{"title":"Rotor Cage Fault Diagnostics in Three-Phase Induction Motors, by the Instantaneous Phase-Angle Signature Analysis","authors":"M. Drif, A. Cardoso","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383640","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of broken rotor bars has long been an important but difficult job in the detection area of motor faults. The characteristic frequency components of a faulted rotor in the stator current spectrum are very close to the power frequency component but by far less in amplitude, which brings about great difficulty for accurate detection. In this paper a new detection method based on the instantaneous phase-angle signature analysis is proposed for the diagnosis of rotor cage faults in operating three-phase induction motors. For that purpose, a mathematical model based on the winding function approach is used in order to simulate this type of fault and experimental tests are carried out on an induction motor with several faulty rotors. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the merits of this novel approach for the detection of cage induction motor broken rotor bars.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"496 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382783
Yuchen Lu, H. Hess, B.K. Johnson
An innovative optimized space vector modulation method (OSVM) for 3ϕ-3ϕ matrix converter is proposed in this paper. This modulation method maximizes the modulability of reference vectors. It is a direct modulation method. The solution of OSVM immediately tells the modulability of reference vectors. An efficient algorithm for OSVM is provided and tested through simulations. Comparison with the conventional SVM methods is performed. Simulation results show the validity and the performance of OSVM.
{"title":"An Optimized Space-Vector Modulation Method for 3ϕ-3ϕ Matrix Converter","authors":"Yuchen Lu, H. Hess, B.K. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382783","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative optimized space vector modulation method (OSVM) for 3ϕ-3ϕ matrix converter is proposed in this paper. This modulation method maximizes the modulability of reference vectors. It is a direct modulation method. The solution of OSVM immediately tells the modulability of reference vectors. An efficient algorithm for OSVM is provided and tested through simulations. Comparison with the conventional SVM methods is performed. Simulation results show the validity and the performance of OSVM.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132127441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383687
R. Bellanova, A. Bellini, E. Lorenzani, G. Franceschini, C. Tassoni, A. Toscani
Textile applications require peculiar specifications in terms of accuracy and speed from drives. In this paper a high dynamic control for a linear drive was realized. A vector control for a magnetic disc stepper motor was realized that allows huge linear acceleration and accurate speed control.
{"title":"High dynamic control of a stepper motor for textile applications","authors":"R. Bellanova, A. Bellini, E. Lorenzani, G. Franceschini, C. Tassoni, A. Toscani","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383687","url":null,"abstract":"Textile applications require peculiar specifications in terms of accuracy and speed from drives. In this paper a high dynamic control for a linear drive was realized. A vector control for a magnetic disc stepper motor was realized that allows huge linear acceleration and accurate speed control.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114695257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382731
H. A. Al-Tuaimi, A. von Jouanne
With the advent of current signature analysis algorithms, many industries will be driven toward on-line, noninvasive diagnostic solutions. This paper proposes a method that can provide the information to diagnose rotor problems accurately and quantitatively using motor dynamic eccentricity sidebands as a universal rotor fault detection and classification index. Moreover, related research into the effects of rotor fault isolation from load torque will enable a determination of the relative severity of a broken rotor bar or any type of air-gap asymmetry. The objective of this paper is to also implement a proof-of-concept laboratory test of the suggested method. Three induction machines were tested on a dynamometer at twenty-eight loading points and different source and load conditions, verifying detection accuracy of the implemented technique.
{"title":"Universal Detection and Classification Index of Incipient Rotor Bars Fault in Squirrel-Cage Motors","authors":"H. A. Al-Tuaimi, A. von Jouanne","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382731","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of current signature analysis algorithms, many industries will be driven toward on-line, noninvasive diagnostic solutions. This paper proposes a method that can provide the information to diagnose rotor problems accurately and quantitatively using motor dynamic eccentricity sidebands as a universal rotor fault detection and classification index. Moreover, related research into the effects of rotor fault isolation from load torque will enable a determination of the relative severity of a broken rotor bar or any type of air-gap asymmetry. The objective of this paper is to also implement a proof-of-concept laboratory test of the suggested method. Three induction machines were tested on a dynamometer at twenty-eight loading points and different source and load conditions, verifying detection accuracy of the implemented technique.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115124683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383609
C. Baguley, U. Madawala
Field aligned starting (FAS) is a technique for starting 3-phase cage induction motors on single-phase supply lines under varying load conditions with minimal inrush currents. The technique starts the motor independent of the mains supply with a high positive transient torque before connecting the spinning motor to the mains supply to operate in a standard Steinmetz configuration. It is imperative to the success of an FAS start-up that the spinning motor is connected to the mains at the correct moment. Incorrectly timed mains connection leads to the generation of transient torques of such a severity as to slow, or possibly stall the already started motor with very high inrush currents. This paper analyses key aspects related to the timing of the transition to mains supply, through the use of experimental results recorded under various starting conditions, and simulations based on a dynamic model of the FAS system. A simple yet practical method, which ensures that the timing of the mains connection is correct, is also described.
{"title":"A Transient Analysis of Field Aligned Starting at Mains Connection","authors":"C. Baguley, U. Madawala","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383609","url":null,"abstract":"Field aligned starting (FAS) is a technique for starting 3-phase cage induction motors on single-phase supply lines under varying load conditions with minimal inrush currents. The technique starts the motor independent of the mains supply with a high positive transient torque before connecting the spinning motor to the mains supply to operate in a standard Steinmetz configuration. It is imperative to the success of an FAS start-up that the spinning motor is connected to the mains at the correct moment. Incorrectly timed mains connection leads to the generation of transient torques of such a severity as to slow, or possibly stall the already started motor with very high inrush currents. This paper analyses key aspects related to the timing of the transition to mains supply, through the use of experimental results recorded under various starting conditions, and simulations based on a dynamic model of the FAS system. A simple yet practical method, which ensures that the timing of the mains connection is correct, is also described.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123270118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382777
P. K. Sen, R. Ault
Much research has been done in recent years to aid in the determination of surge protection requirements for medium voltage (MV) motors rated typically between 500-10,000 HP ranges at 4.16 kV-13.2 kV. This paper summarizes all such activities and provides some application guidelines. In order to determine the actual surge magnitude and the corresponding rise time seen by the motor windings, the sources of surges and the factors affecting the surge transmission to the motor terminals are examined. The actual surge withstands capabilities of the motor windings, both in terms of magnitudes and rise-times are also reviewed. Based on the probability of such surge occurrences, decisions about additional surge protection requirements can be made.
{"title":"Medium Voltage Motor Surge Protection","authors":"P. K. Sen, R. Ault","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382777","url":null,"abstract":"Much research has been done in recent years to aid in the determination of surge protection requirements for medium voltage (MV) motors rated typically between 500-10,000 HP ranges at 4.16 kV-13.2 kV. This paper summarizes all such activities and provides some application guidelines. In order to determine the actual surge magnitude and the corresponding rise time seen by the motor windings, the sources of surges and the factors affecting the surge transmission to the motor terminals are examined. The actual surge withstands capabilities of the motor windings, both in terms of magnitudes and rise-times are also reviewed. Based on the probability of such surge occurrences, decisions about additional surge protection requirements can be made.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123411552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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