Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383569
G. S. Liew, Nesimi Ertugrul, W. Soong, D. B. Gehlert
One of the major research activities in electric machines involves the use of alternative magnetic materials. Soft magnetic composites (SMC) offer the advantages of 3D magnetic flux paths and low-cost manufacturing. This paper examines the analysis and modelling of a prototype axial-field permanent magnet machine which uses SMC. Measured parameters and performance with an inverter is compared to 3D finite-element simulations.
{"title":"Analysis and Performance Evaluation of an Axial-Field Brushless PM Machine Utilising Soft Magnetic Composites","authors":"G. S. Liew, Nesimi Ertugrul, W. Soong, D. B. Gehlert","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383569","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major research activities in electric machines involves the use of alternative magnetic materials. Soft magnetic composites (SMC) offer the advantages of 3D magnetic flux paths and low-cost manufacturing. This paper examines the analysis and modelling of a prototype axial-field permanent magnet machine which uses SMC. Measured parameters and performance with an inverter is compared to 3D finite-element simulations.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117072825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382794
Katsumi Yamazaki, A. Abe
In this paper, we investigate losses of interior permanent magnet motors driven by PWM inverters using the 3-D finite element analysis, which can estimate the eddy current loss in the permanent magnet accurately. The calculated losses are compared with the measured results and the theoretical solution to verify the validity of the analysis. The method to decompose the electromagnetic field distribution into time-harmonic components is introduced in order to investigate the effects of the harmonic fields separately and to specify the main loss factors. The variation of the magnet eddy current loss due to the division of the magnet is also investigated. It is clarified that the eddy current loss in the permanent magnet is mainly produced by the carrier harmonics of the inverter and that the axial length of the divided magnet should be smaller than the skin depth of the eddy currents produced by the major harmonics for the loss reduction.
{"title":"Loss Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Motors Considering Carrier Harmonics and Magnet Eddy Currents Using 3-D FEM","authors":"Katsumi Yamazaki, A. Abe","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382794","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate losses of interior permanent magnet motors driven by PWM inverters using the 3-D finite element analysis, which can estimate the eddy current loss in the permanent magnet accurately. The calculated losses are compared with the measured results and the theoretical solution to verify the validity of the analysis. The method to decompose the electromagnetic field distribution into time-harmonic components is introduced in order to investigate the effects of the harmonic fields separately and to specify the main loss factors. The variation of the magnet eddy current loss due to the division of the magnet is also investigated. It is clarified that the eddy current loss in the permanent magnet is mainly produced by the carrier harmonics of the inverter and that the axial length of the divided magnet should be smaller than the skin depth of the eddy currents produced by the major harmonics for the loss reduction.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128599734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382682
Dan Sun, Zongyuan He, Yikang He, Yufan Guan
In this paper, the direct torque control (DTC) scheme of a four-switch inverter fed Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is discussed by analyzing the voltage vectors to obtain an inverter fault tolerant drive system. A symmetric space vector modulation (SVM) approach is introduced to the DTC system for the purpose of improving the static performance. Calculation of the desired voltage vector in the PMSM drive system is analyzed, an optimal voltage vector sequence and timing plan for SVM is designed to synthesize the desired voltage vector and to compensate the remaining time in each sampling period effectively. Simulation and experimental results verify that the four-switch inverter fed PMSM system is able to operate steadily under the classic DTC scheme, and with significantly improved steady state performance under the proposed SVM-DTC approach.
{"title":"Four-Switch Inverter Fed PMSM DTC with SVM approach for Fault Tolerant operation","authors":"Dan Sun, Zongyuan He, Yikang He, Yufan Guan","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382682","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the direct torque control (DTC) scheme of a four-switch inverter fed Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is discussed by analyzing the voltage vectors to obtain an inverter fault tolerant drive system. A symmetric space vector modulation (SVM) approach is introduced to the DTC system for the purpose of improving the static performance. Calculation of the desired voltage vector in the PMSM drive system is analyzed, an optimal voltage vector sequence and timing plan for SVM is designed to synthesize the desired voltage vector and to compensate the remaining time in each sampling period effectively. Simulation and experimental results verify that the four-switch inverter fed PMSM system is able to operate steadily under the classic DTC scheme, and with significantly improved steady state performance under the proposed SVM-DTC approach.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130632398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382704
Z. Liu, O. Mohammed, S. Liu
In this paper, a novel direct torque control of doubly- fed wound rotor induction machines is studied. A rotor unity power factor based direct torque control strategy is proposed. By keeping the rotor power factor to be one, a switching-table- based hysteresis direct torque control system is built and the corresponding rotor voltage vector table is obtained. The feasibility of the proposed method is tested through Simulink simulations. Such a control strategy show several significant advantages. As only the feedback signals of the rotor side are required by the control, the system is simple. Due to the unity rotor power factor, the capacity of the inverter is reduced to the lowest level. The stator voltage and current waveforms are kept sinusoidal, which reduces the harmonic pollution to power grids.
{"title":"A Novel Direct Torque Control Strategy for Doubly-Fed Wound Rotor Induction Machines","authors":"Z. Liu, O. Mohammed, S. Liu","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382704","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel direct torque control of doubly- fed wound rotor induction machines is studied. A rotor unity power factor based direct torque control strategy is proposed. By keeping the rotor power factor to be one, a switching-table- based hysteresis direct torque control system is built and the corresponding rotor voltage vector table is obtained. The feasibility of the proposed method is tested through Simulink simulations. Such a control strategy show several significant advantages. As only the feedback signals of the rotor side are required by the control, the system is simple. Due to the unity rotor power factor, the capacity of the inverter is reduced to the lowest level. The stator voltage and current waveforms are kept sinusoidal, which reduces the harmonic pollution to power grids.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123893995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383660
M. Amrhein, P. Krein
Advances in power electronics technology, materials, and changing application requirements are driving advances in electric machines. But induction machines are not often considered for new design possibilities. One reason is that computer-aided design tools for induction machines are not readily available. Analytical and finite element models have significant disadvantages that limit their effectiveness for induction machine design. This paper presents a magnetic equivalent circuit modeling approach that is geared towards design. Magnetic equivalent circuits are flexible in terms of size and accuracy, have moderate computational complexity, and are easily parameterized. They can be extended readily to three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons with results from finite element models and measurements indicate that magnetic equivalent circuits, corrected for local saturation, are a promising option for a design tool.
{"title":"Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Induction Machines Design-Oriented Approach with Extension to 3-D","authors":"M. Amrhein, P. Krein","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383660","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in power electronics technology, materials, and changing application requirements are driving advances in electric machines. But induction machines are not often considered for new design possibilities. One reason is that computer-aided design tools for induction machines are not readily available. Analytical and finite element models have significant disadvantages that limit their effectiveness for induction machine design. This paper presents a magnetic equivalent circuit modeling approach that is geared towards design. Magnetic equivalent circuits are flexible in terms of size and accuracy, have moderate computational complexity, and are easily parameterized. They can be extended readily to three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons with results from finite element models and measurements indicate that magnetic equivalent circuits, corrected for local saturation, are a promising option for a design tool.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123656870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383645
I. Groning, C. Kaehler
This paper deals with the increase of the performance of induction motors with squirrel-cage rotors for industry applications. Particular attention is laid on the thermal design and the thermal limitations in consideration of an optimized electromagnetic circuit. The results of the calculations are compared with measurements.
{"title":"Increase of the Performance of Induction Motors","authors":"I. Groning, C. Kaehler","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.383645","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the increase of the performance of induction motors with squirrel-cage rotors for industry applications. Particular attention is laid on the thermal design and the thermal limitations in consideration of an optimized electromagnetic circuit. The results of the calculations are compared with measurements.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121139498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382820
R. Terrigi, F. Giulii Capponi
Aim of this work is to present a simple but accurate model, which includes saturation, dedicated to surface mounted PM machines. The model will be derived as an extension of the classical q,d axes, synchronous reference frame equations. Its simplicity will allow it to be used for precise drive performance evaluation and possibly also inside real time controllers. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the model, the property of following the maximum torque vs. current trajectory in presence of saturation will be investigated for an axial flux PM machine.
{"title":"Simple and Accurate Modelling of Surface Mounted PM Machines Including Saturation Effects","authors":"R. Terrigi, F. Giulii Capponi","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382820","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this work is to present a simple but accurate model, which includes saturation, dedicated to surface mounted PM machines. The model will be derived as an extension of the classical q,d axes, synchronous reference frame equations. Its simplicity will allow it to be used for precise drive performance evaluation and possibly also inside real time controllers. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the model, the property of following the maximum torque vs. current trajectory in presence of saturation will be investigated for an axial flux PM machine.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126499662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382814
J. Lecointe, S. Duchesne, J. Brudny, J. Roger
Increasing the power delivery requires to optimize high power generators thanks to numerical tools as finite element applications. In this way, this paper presents a new concept called retro-design. It has been naturally introduced by the difficulties to determine the inner dimensions of high power machines, installed from many years, and for which plans are not always available. It concerns especially turbo-generators of thermal nuclear power stations. Consequently, in order to make easy the improvement of the generator performances with reliability without dismounting them for a long time, this paper presents an original procedure to find - a posteriori - the inner dimensions of the stator armature starting from a restricted initial data set as the rating plate. Such a determination do not use only a classical design method ; it requires to be coupled with a data base, even if this latter is restricted. The paper presents the procedure and the choices to make in order to find the best design parameters according to the power or the installation date of the generator. A retro-design example is given with a 1485 MW turbogenerator.
{"title":"Retro-Design of TurboGenerators Part 2: Determination of the stator geometry","authors":"J. Lecointe, S. Duchesne, J. Brudny, J. Roger","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382814","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the power delivery requires to optimize high power generators thanks to numerical tools as finite element applications. In this way, this paper presents a new concept called retro-design. It has been naturally introduced by the difficulties to determine the inner dimensions of high power machines, installed from many years, and for which plans are not always available. It concerns especially turbo-generators of thermal nuclear power stations. Consequently, in order to make easy the improvement of the generator performances with reliability without dismounting them for a long time, this paper presents an original procedure to find - a posteriori - the inner dimensions of the stator armature starting from a restricted initial data set as the rating plate. Such a determination do not use only a classical design method ; it requires to be coupled with a data base, even if this latter is restricted. The paper presents the procedure and the choices to make in order to find the best design parameters according to the power or the installation date of the generator. A retro-design example is given with a 1485 MW turbogenerator.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131790476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382797
P. Holik, D. Dorrell
The paper puts forward a full 3D finite element analysis (with transient solutions), a 2D finite element analysis (with magneto-static solutions) and an analytical analysis of a small 2-pole commutator motor with three armature slots and coils. These machines are very common low-cost machines but the amount of recent literature on their design (using modern CAD packages) is quite small. The results illustrate the cogging nature of the torque and also the drawbacks in the 2D finite element analysis. Various design changes are investigated using the different analysis techniques to illustrate that even small motors can be improved by careful addressing of some important design features. These improvements include slot opening variation and the use of different magnet material. A thermal solution is carried out to ensure that it does not overheat.
{"title":"Comparisons in the Analytical, 2D and 3D Analyses of a Low-cost 2-Pole Permanent Magnet Commutator Motor","authors":"P. Holik, D. Dorrell","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382797","url":null,"abstract":"The paper puts forward a full 3D finite element analysis (with transient solutions), a 2D finite element analysis (with magneto-static solutions) and an analytical analysis of a small 2-pole commutator motor with three armature slots and coils. These machines are very common low-cost machines but the amount of recent literature on their design (using modern CAD packages) is quite small. The results illustrate the cogging nature of the torque and also the drawbacks in the 2D finite element analysis. Various design changes are investigated using the different analysis techniques to illustrate that even small motors can be improved by careful addressing of some important design features. These improvements include slot opening variation and the use of different magnet material. A thermal solution is carried out to ensure that it does not overheat.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130717362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382775
K. Toni, M. Slobodan, B. Aleksandar
Induction motors play a very important part in the safe and efficient running of any industrial plant. Early detection of abnormalities in the motor helps to avoid costly breakdown. Accordingly, this work presents a technique for the diagnosis of turn to turn faults in stator winding in induction motors, with use of axial magnetic flux. Axial leakage flux generates voltages in flux coil sensor and their time based waveforms and frequency presentations are subsequently analyzed. Turn to turn failures in stator windings are studied with load and unload effects. Experimental results prove the efficiency of employed method.
{"title":"Detection of Turn to Turn Faults in Stator Winding with Axial Magnetic Flux in Induction Motors","authors":"K. Toni, M. Slobodan, B. Aleksandar","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382775","url":null,"abstract":"Induction motors play a very important part in the safe and efficient running of any industrial plant. Early detection of abnormalities in the motor helps to avoid costly breakdown. Accordingly, this work presents a technique for the diagnosis of turn to turn faults in stator winding in induction motors, with use of axial magnetic flux. Axial leakage flux generates voltages in flux coil sensor and their time based waveforms and frequency presentations are subsequently analyzed. Turn to turn failures in stator windings are studied with load and unload effects. Experimental results prove the efficiency of employed method.","PeriodicalId":446844,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130726129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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