Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221079527
Manav Khaire, Shishir K. Jha
Literature examining Indian housing policy broadly focuses on the shifting role of the state from a provider of housing to a facilitator of housing markets. Using frame analysis method, this article explores the underlying policy frames responsible for this shift and the factors influencing the homeownership bias in Indian housing policy. The analysis moves forward in two steps: First, we present the policy frames analysis method and describe the data sources used for analysis. Second, we identify the policy frames and discuss their linkages to homeownership bias in Indian housing policy. We identify four policy frames over the years: housing as an unproductive activity, housing as an economic activity, housing as a market good and housing as a commodity. We conclude by highlighting that market-based housing policies work in favour of perpetuating homeownership bias, which, in turn, arrests the development of alternatives like rental housing and cooperative housing.
{"title":"Examining Homeownership Bias in Indian Housing Policy Using Frame Analysis","authors":"Manav Khaire, Shishir K. Jha","doi":"10.1177/09754253221079527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221079527","url":null,"abstract":"Literature examining Indian housing policy broadly focuses on the shifting role of the state from a provider of housing to a facilitator of housing markets. Using frame analysis method, this article explores the underlying policy frames responsible for this shift and the factors influencing the homeownership bias in Indian housing policy. The analysis moves forward in two steps: First, we present the policy frames analysis method and describe the data sources used for analysis. Second, we identify the policy frames and discuss their linkages to homeownership bias in Indian housing policy. We identify four policy frames over the years: housing as an unproductive activity, housing as an economic activity, housing as a market good and housing as a commodity. We conclude by highlighting that market-based housing policies work in favour of perpetuating homeownership bias, which, in turn, arrests the development of alternatives like rental housing and cooperative housing.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46820086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221078178
I. M. Fahmid, Wahyudi, A. Agustian, R. Aldillah, E. Gunawan
The objective of this study is to analyse the potentials, obstacles and socio-economic condition of swamp land development for food estate programmes in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results for qualitative descriptive and quantitative analysis showed there were approximately 33.4 million hectares of swamp land area, 9.5 million of which have the potential for agricultural land, particularly for rice. The rationale of food estate location are a wide area of land availability, with abundant water resources. The main obstacles of land use of swamp land are: (a) low soil pH (acid); (b) low NPK content in the soil; (c) high Al and Fe solubility (toxic); and (d) tidal influence such that during the wet season the land is flooded and during the dry season the land is dry. This research recommends that swamp land development for food estates requires: water management infrastructure rehabilitation, land management, adaptive and potential commodity selection and farmer institution strengthening and facilitation.
{"title":"The Potential Swamp Land Development to Support Food Estates Programmes in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"I. M. Fahmid, Wahyudi, A. Agustian, R. Aldillah, E. Gunawan","doi":"10.1177/09754253221078178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221078178","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to analyse the potentials, obstacles and socio-economic condition of swamp land development for food estate programmes in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results for qualitative descriptive and quantitative analysis showed there were approximately 33.4 million hectares of swamp land area, 9.5 million of which have the potential for agricultural land, particularly for rice. The rationale of food estate location are a wide area of land availability, with abundant water resources. The main obstacles of land use of swamp land are: (a) low soil pH (acid); (b) low NPK content in the soil; (c) high Al and Fe solubility (toxic); and (d) tidal influence such that during the wet season the land is flooded and during the dry season the land is dry. This research recommends that swamp land development for food estates requires: water management infrastructure rehabilitation, land management, adaptive and potential commodity selection and farmer institution strengthening and facilitation.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49229581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221079513
N. Ngọc, Ngo Thi Xuan Binh, N. T. Ha
This article assesses the impact of climate change on the fishing activities of businesses, households and fishermen in the Northern coastal villages of Vietnam. From the data published by the state agencies and case studies in some fishing villages in the Northern region, this article assumes that the coastal fishing villages has a long history, making important contributions to the economic and social development. In recent years, fishing activities have expanded but are also affected by the consequences of climate change. Aware of this problem, businesses, households and fishermen have many measures to respond, but the effectiveness is still not high. Therefore, the study suggests that the government should pay more attention to improving the ability to predict early, accurately the location and evolution of rain, storm, etc. Exploiters need to be more proactive in equipping rescue equipment on ships and boats when going out to sea.
{"title":"Impacts of Climate Change on Fishing Villages in the North Vietnam","authors":"N. Ngọc, Ngo Thi Xuan Binh, N. T. Ha","doi":"10.1177/09754253221079513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221079513","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses the impact of climate change on the fishing activities of businesses, households and fishermen in the Northern coastal villages of Vietnam. From the data published by the state agencies and case studies in some fishing villages in the Northern region, this article assumes that the coastal fishing villages has a long history, making important contributions to the economic and social development. In recent years, fishing activities have expanded but are also affected by the consequences of climate change. Aware of this problem, businesses, households and fishermen have many measures to respond, but the effectiveness is still not high. Therefore, the study suggests that the government should pay more attention to improving the ability to predict early, accurately the location and evolution of rain, storm, etc. Exploiters need to be more proactive in equipping rescue equipment on ships and boats when going out to sea.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47104973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221083169
A. Hakim, N. Nachrowi, Dwini Handayani, I. D. G. K. Wisana
Indonesia is one of the developing countries with a distinct migration pattern because it is still concentrated in certain areas due to uneven development. The literature informs that not only economic factors influence migration but also amenities. The article examines the role of amenities and economic factors on Indonesia’s cities migration. The results reveal that cities in Java have higher amenities and are still the most popular migration destinations, while migrants can consider cities outside Java if they are included in the high amenities category and the provincial capital. Migrants are also interested in cities with abundant amenities, even if the economic compensation is not high. Our results found that amenities, minimum wages, gross regional domestic product, tertiary sector and growth contributed to migration. The study confirms that amenities other than economic factors influence Indonesian city’s migration. We suggest that the city government prioritize the provision of quality amenities and the creation of a better city economy.
{"title":"Do Amenities and Economic Factors Affect Migration? Empirical Evidence from Indonesian Cities","authors":"A. Hakim, N. Nachrowi, Dwini Handayani, I. D. G. K. Wisana","doi":"10.1177/09754253221083169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221083169","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is one of the developing countries with a distinct migration pattern because it is still concentrated in certain areas due to uneven development. The literature informs that not only economic factors influence migration but also amenities. The article examines the role of amenities and economic factors on Indonesia’s cities migration. The results reveal that cities in Java have higher amenities and are still the most popular migration destinations, while migrants can consider cities outside Java if they are included in the high amenities category and the provincial capital. Migrants are also interested in cities with abundant amenities, even if the economic compensation is not high. Our results found that amenities, minimum wages, gross regional domestic product, tertiary sector and growth contributed to migration. The study confirms that amenities other than economic factors influence Indonesian city’s migration. We suggest that the city government prioritize the provision of quality amenities and the creation of a better city economy.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221076317
Kala Seetharam Sridhar, Vishal Ravi
Our objective in this article is to understand the determinants of sustainable (own source) revenues of cities and empirically estimate it in the context of an econometric model. This article makes an attempt to understand the determinants of own revenues for ULBs in India, taking the case of a prominent state, Karnataka. We empirically examine the determinants of own source revenues, controlling for endogeneity of several variables, using valuable data for cities in Karnataka, a representative Indian state. We find that higher city per capita incomes and effective literacy rates lead to a large tax base for the city economy. Road length has a positive effect on the city’s tax base, presumably as it leads to accessing jobs easily and increased economic activity, which also gives the public more confidence and motivation to pay taxes. Per capita grants lead to higher own source revenues for the city. The policy implications are to educate the workforce in the cities better, and invest in roads, rather than viewing them as expenditure.
{"title":"Determinants of Own Revenues in Urban Local Bodies: Evidence from an Indian State","authors":"Kala Seetharam Sridhar, Vishal Ravi","doi":"10.1177/09754253221076317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221076317","url":null,"abstract":"Our objective in this article is to understand the determinants of sustainable (own source) revenues of cities and empirically estimate it in the context of an econometric model. This article makes an attempt to understand the determinants of own revenues for ULBs in India, taking the case of a prominent state, Karnataka. We empirically examine the determinants of own source revenues, controlling for endogeneity of several variables, using valuable data for cities in Karnataka, a representative Indian state. We find that higher city per capita incomes and effective literacy rates lead to a large tax base for the city economy. Road length has a positive effect on the city’s tax base, presumably as it leads to accessing jobs easily and increased economic activity, which also gives the public more confidence and motivation to pay taxes. Per capita grants lead to higher own source revenues for the city. The policy implications are to educate the workforce in the cities better, and invest in roads, rather than viewing them as expenditure.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221076351
J. Adianto, Mohammad Fazrin Rahman, R. T. Gabe, A. Christina
Vertical housing has been considered an effective way to provide low-income housing in many megacities. As part of an effort to implement contextual architectural design, vertical housing projects in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, incorporated shared kitchens and bathrooms as observed in Indonesian kampong (slum) settlements. However, the residents eventually converted their shared kitchen spaces to other uses and constructed kitchens in their individual units. This research study investigated the nature of and reasons for such transformations through quantitative and qualitative data collection among residents of three vertical housing projects in Surabaya. We found that disputes over upkeep and rules of use, along with perceived invasions of privacy, precipitated the abandonment of shared kitchens. Residents could not retrofit their shared bathrooms for structural reasons, but they renegotiated a payment system (based on flat fees rather than actual usage) that they considered unfair. Interviews revealed significant differences in implementation between the shared facilities in vertical housing and the voluntary shared arrangements in the kampongs. The facility and management modifications that occurred in vertical housing, which applied bottom-up contextual design by considering users’ needs and sensitivities, indicate the complexity of applying a contextual design process into practice.
{"title":"The Complexity of Contextuality: A Case Study on Vertical Housing Facilities in Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"J. Adianto, Mohammad Fazrin Rahman, R. T. Gabe, A. Christina","doi":"10.1177/09754253221076351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221076351","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical housing has been considered an effective way to provide low-income housing in many megacities. As part of an effort to implement contextual architectural design, vertical housing projects in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, incorporated shared kitchens and bathrooms as observed in Indonesian kampong (slum) settlements. However, the residents eventually converted their shared kitchen spaces to other uses and constructed kitchens in their individual units. This research study investigated the nature of and reasons for such transformations through quantitative and qualitative data collection among residents of three vertical housing projects in Surabaya. We found that disputes over upkeep and rules of use, along with perceived invasions of privacy, precipitated the abandonment of shared kitchens. Residents could not retrofit their shared bathrooms for structural reasons, but they renegotiated a payment system (based on flat fees rather than actual usage) that they considered unfair. Interviews revealed significant differences in implementation between the shared facilities in vertical housing and the voluntary shared arrangements in the kampongs. The facility and management modifications that occurred in vertical housing, which applied bottom-up contextual design by considering users’ needs and sensitivities, indicate the complexity of applying a contextual design process into practice.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221083199
Shubhagato Dasgupta, N. Agarwal
Meeting the sanitation needs of a growing and urbanizing population in India led the incumbent national government to launch a large-scale sanitation programme, the Swachh Bharat Mission in 2014. Having reduced the deficit in basic rural sanitation in its first phase, the programme is targeting to achieve universal safely managed sanitation in its second phase launched in February 2020. Since the trajectory to achieving safely managed sanitation is inherently path-dependent, the present article utilizes novel survey data from rural India to understand the nature of sanitation systems in transitioning spaces and identify the investments they require to provide safely managed sanitation. It finds that the de facto preference in sanitation systems that households manifest is in direct contrast to the governmental choice of the low-cost twin pit system. The choice of the on-site sanitation system is informed by the household’s economic status and how ‘characteristically’ urban the settlements they reside in are. The article further discusses the implications of these findings for the short-term responsiveness and long-term effectiveness of the massive sanitation investments (USD 19 billion) planned for the next five years in India.
{"title":"Dichotomy to Continuum: Importance of Faecal Sludge Management in Shaping Future Urban–Rural Linkages in Urbanizing India","authors":"Shubhagato Dasgupta, N. Agarwal","doi":"10.1177/09754253221083199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221083199","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting the sanitation needs of a growing and urbanizing population in India led the incumbent national government to launch a large-scale sanitation programme, the Swachh Bharat Mission in 2014. Having reduced the deficit in basic rural sanitation in its first phase, the programme is targeting to achieve universal safely managed sanitation in its second phase launched in February 2020. Since the trajectory to achieving safely managed sanitation is inherently path-dependent, the present article utilizes novel survey data from rural India to understand the nature of sanitation systems in transitioning spaces and identify the investments they require to provide safely managed sanitation. It finds that the de facto preference in sanitation systems that households manifest is in direct contrast to the governmental choice of the low-cost twin pit system. The choice of the on-site sanitation system is informed by the household’s economic status and how ‘characteristically’ urban the settlements they reside in are. The article further discusses the implications of these findings for the short-term responsiveness and long-term effectiveness of the massive sanitation investments (USD 19 billion) planned for the next five years in India.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253221083206
Muhammad Zeeshan, Zaib Ali
The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has become a major concern for city sustainability in the wake of global warming and rapid urbanization. This has resulted in increased heat stress and worsened outdoor thermal comfort in urban microclimates. The study demonstrates that heat stress can be mitigated by reducing air temperature and surface temperature with the integration of cool materials into the urban environment using computational fluid dynamics, under representative climatic conditions. The thermal comfort conditions are examined at pedestrian height and the diverse vertical levels by evaluating two climatic parameters: first, the reduction of ambient air temperature and surface temperature characterizing the mitigation (cooling) intensity, and second, the alteration of airflow velocity. The analysis shows that the proposed intervention can effectively decrease surrounding temperature and promote airflow. Cool materials, when applied simultaneously on both buildings and ground, generate a more pronounced mitigation effect than on only the ground or the buildings as it results in a large reduction of air and surface temperature, that is, of 2°C and 6°C, respectively. For airflow velocity, it is highest for combined cool materials, with maximum effect at the time of highest solar irradiance. The study is expected to inform architects, urban designers and people involved in construction engineering regarding retrofitting mitigation of UHI under representative climatic conditions.
{"title":"The Potential of Cool Materials Towards Improving Thermal Comfort Conditions Inside Real-urban Hot-humid Microclimate","authors":"Muhammad Zeeshan, Zaib Ali","doi":"10.1177/09754253221083206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221083206","url":null,"abstract":"The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has become a major concern for city sustainability in the wake of global warming and rapid urbanization. This has resulted in increased heat stress and worsened outdoor thermal comfort in urban microclimates. The study demonstrates that heat stress can be mitigated by reducing air temperature and surface temperature with the integration of cool materials into the urban environment using computational fluid dynamics, under representative climatic conditions. The thermal comfort conditions are examined at pedestrian height and the diverse vertical levels by evaluating two climatic parameters: first, the reduction of ambient air temperature and surface temperature characterizing the mitigation (cooling) intensity, and second, the alteration of airflow velocity. The analysis shows that the proposed intervention can effectively decrease surrounding temperature and promote airflow. Cool materials, when applied simultaneously on both buildings and ground, generate a more pronounced mitigation effect than on only the ground or the buildings as it results in a large reduction of air and surface temperature, that is, of 2°C and 6°C, respectively. For airflow velocity, it is highest for combined cool materials, with maximum effect at the time of highest solar irradiance. The study is expected to inform architects, urban designers and people involved in construction engineering regarding retrofitting mitigation of UHI under representative climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46509814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09754253211040193
Darshini Mahadevia, Neha Bhatia
An urbanizing country such as India has its own development challenges given the conditions of dystopias and discontent in the urban areas. In addition, three global agendas, namely the New Urban Agenda, Sustainable Development Goals and the Nationally Determined Contributions towards climate change mitigation also demand actions in the cities. The traditional urban planning approach, based on master/development planning, and stemming from it, urban planning education, is highly technocratic and unable to deal with the reality of development challenges. In addition, urban planning education in India suffers from over-regulation and standardization, which leaves educational institutions devoid of innovation. Thus, for urban planning education to be relevant in India there is a need to revise and broaden the scope of the urban planning profession, non-standardize its contents, pay attention to substantive aspects including issues of equity and sustainability, have a future-facing approach towards dealing with climate change and rethink its pedagogic methods. However, for these changes to occur, urban planning educational institutes must take the lead and initiate radical reforms in country’s higher education regulatory system.
{"title":"Towards New Urban Agenda: A Radical Reorientation of Urban Planning Education in India","authors":"Darshini Mahadevia, Neha Bhatia","doi":"10.1177/09754253211040193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253211040193","url":null,"abstract":"An urbanizing country such as India has its own development challenges given the conditions of dystopias and discontent in the urban areas. In addition, three global agendas, namely the New Urban Agenda, Sustainable Development Goals and the Nationally Determined Contributions towards climate change mitigation also demand actions in the cities. The traditional urban planning approach, based on master/development planning, and stemming from it, urban planning education, is highly technocratic and unable to deal with the reality of development challenges. In addition, urban planning education in India suffers from over-regulation and standardization, which leaves educational institutions devoid of innovation. Thus, for urban planning education to be relevant in India there is a need to revise and broaden the scope of the urban planning profession, non-standardize its contents, pay attention to substantive aspects including issues of equity and sustainability, have a future-facing approach towards dealing with climate change and rethink its pedagogic methods. However, for these changes to occur, urban planning educational institutes must take the lead and initiate radical reforms in country’s higher education regulatory system.","PeriodicalId":44690,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Urbanization ASIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42197918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：