Pub Date : 2025-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100249
Yunfa Fu, Yuyu Cao, Yong Hu
{"title":"How to make the best use of scalp electroencephalography in clinical neurorestorative research and practice?","authors":"Yunfa Fu, Yuyu Cao, Yong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100241
Yi Gao , Ye Sun , Zhuo Liu , Yi Yang , Jia-Xin Ren , Qiu-Xia Deng , Yang Qu , Fan Chen , Peng Zhang , Zi-Duo Shen , Xiu-Li Yan , Zhen-Ni Guo
Background
At present, the optimal head position for stroke patients undergoing reperfusion therapy remains unclear. Because different head positions may exert distinct effects on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA).
Methods
In this self-controlled study, the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the middle cerebral artery and finger blood pressure at the 0° and 30° head positions were continuously recorded using transcranial Doppler combined with servo-controlled finger plethysmography at 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after reperfusion. These data were then used to calculate the dCA parameters (phase difference [PD], gain, and coherence function) through transfer function analysis. Meanwhile, 30 healthy controls were included.
Results
Finally, 83 patients who underwent reperfusion therapy were included in the final analysis. For both sides, the phase difference in the 30° head position was significantly higher at 24 h (affected side: p = 0.047; unaffected side: p = 0.003), 3 days (affected side: p = 0.040, unaffected side: p = 0.016)), and 7 days (affected side: p < 0.001; unaffected side: p < 0.001) than that in the 0° head position. There was no significant difference in cerebral blood flow velocity between the 0° and 30° head positions on both affected and unaffected sides. Additionally, no difference of dCA and cerebral blood flow velocity was found in different head positions among healthy controls.
Conclusions
The 30° head position for patients undergoing reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke is beneficial for improving dCA.
{"title":"The 30° head position improves dynamic cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing reperfusion therapy: A prospective self-controlled study","authors":"Yi Gao , Ye Sun , Zhuo Liu , Yi Yang , Jia-Xin Ren , Qiu-Xia Deng , Yang Qu , Fan Chen , Peng Zhang , Zi-Duo Shen , Xiu-Li Yan , Zhen-Ni Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>At present, the optimal head position for stroke patients undergoing reperfusion therapy remains unclear. Because different head positions may exert distinct effects on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this self-controlled study, the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the middle cerebral artery and finger blood pressure at the 0° and 30° head positions were continuously recorded using transcranial Doppler combined with servo-controlled finger plethysmography at 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after reperfusion. These data were then used to calculate the dCA parameters (phase difference [PD], gain, and coherence function) through transfer function analysis. Meanwhile, 30 healthy controls were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Finally, 83 patients who underwent reperfusion therapy were included in the final analysis. For both sides, the phase difference in the 30° head position was significantly higher at 24 h (affected side: <em>p</em> = 0.047; unaffected side: <em>p</em> = 0.003), 3 days (affected side: <em>p</em> = 0.040, unaffected side: <em>p</em> = 0.016)), and 7 days (affected side: <em>p</em> < 0.001; unaffected side: <em>p</em> < 0.001) than that in the 0° head position. There was no significant difference in cerebral blood flow velocity between the 0° and 30° head positions on both affected and unaffected sides. Additionally, no difference of dCA and cerebral blood flow velocity was found in different head positions among healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 30° head position for patients undergoing reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke is beneficial for improving dCA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100240
Zuohui Yang , Hongbing Wu , Haiyan Wang , Xia Yu , Jingzheng Zhu , Ming Xie , Siyuan Chen , Yingfei Wu , Xinglei Zhou , Shuxin Song , Hongbo Zhang
Stroke can lead to extensive neurological dysfunction and is a leading cause of disability worldwide, primarily leading to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Within 6 months after a stroke, more than 60% of stroke survivors experience various cognitive impairments, such as post-stroke memory decline, visuospatial dysfunction, calculation difficulties, and orientation disorders. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that new technologies such as cell therapy, drug therapy, music therapy, and brain–computer interfaces have demonstrated positive effects on cognitive recovery. These technologies may enhance neural network repair and improve cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment, reducing the harm that it causes.
{"title":"Neurorestoration treatment for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI)","authors":"Zuohui Yang , Hongbing Wu , Haiyan Wang , Xia Yu , Jingzheng Zhu , Ming Xie , Siyuan Chen , Yingfei Wu , Xinglei Zhou , Shuxin Song , Hongbo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stroke can lead to extensive neurological dysfunction and is a leading cause of disability worldwide, primarily leading to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Within 6 months after a stroke, more than 60% of stroke survivors experience various cognitive impairments, such as post-stroke memory decline, visuospatial dysfunction, calculation difficulties, and orientation disorders. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that new technologies such as cell therapy, drug therapy, music therapy, and brain–computer interfaces have demonstrated positive effects on cognitive recovery. These technologies may enhance neural network repair and improve cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment, reducing the harm that it causes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100239
Wan-Qing Yang , Jian Shi , Jia-Chao Qin , Zhi-Jun Ye , Bao-Kang Yu , Meng-Ru Huang , Shu-Qi Huang , Jin Zhong , Zhong-Wen Li , Yu-Mei Zhang , Chun-Fang Zhang
Background
Facial nerve injury is a neurological condition that involves paralysis or weakness of the facial muscles. Repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation (rTAS) is a specialized acupuncture technique that has shown effectiveness in clinical studies for treating facial nerve paralysis; however, its underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We aimed to clarify the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of rTAS on facial nerve compression injury-induced facial paralysis in rats.
Methods
Fifty rats were divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): control group (CG), model group (MG), and three rTAS groups: 0-min repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation group (rTAS-0), 2-min repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation group (rTAS-2), 5-min repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation group (rTAS-5). The MG and rTAS groups underwent facial nerve compression to model paralysis, whereas CG underwent nerve exposure only. The rTAS groups then received acupuncture (30 min daily for 14 days) with varying twisting and rest durations. We assessed facial function, temperature, and electrophysiology, followed by serum and facial nerve collection for hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and Masson's staining, and for immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to explore nerve repair factors.
Results
Compared with the CG, the MG showed reduced facial function, prolonged latency and decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potentials, and more severe nerve injury, including lower Nissl body counts and collagen fiber ratios (p < 0.05). rTAS treatment alleviated facial nerve damage; rTAS-5 exhibited the greatest effects, with improved facial function, nerve activity, and electrophysiological indices and reduced pathological scores. rTAS-5 also enhanced histological features such as Nissl body density and collagen fiber ratios (p < 0.05). Moreover, rTAS-5 upregulated JAK1 and STAT3 expression in the facial nerve, suggesting activation of the JAK/STAT pathway during the repair process.
Conclusions
rTAS may improve facial function in rats with facial paralysis, and a longer twisting time might yield better results. Our findings suggest that rTAS increases JAK1 and STAT3 expression to activate the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby promoting the regeneration and repair of damaged nerves.
{"title":"Therapeutic effects of repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation on facial nerve compression injury-induced facial paralysis in rats via Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway activation","authors":"Wan-Qing Yang , Jian Shi , Jia-Chao Qin , Zhi-Jun Ye , Bao-Kang Yu , Meng-Ru Huang , Shu-Qi Huang , Jin Zhong , Zhong-Wen Li , Yu-Mei Zhang , Chun-Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Facial nerve injury is a neurological condition that involves paralysis or weakness of the facial muscles. Repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation (rTAS) is a specialized acupuncture technique that has shown effectiveness in clinical studies for treating facial nerve paralysis; however, its underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We aimed to clarify the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of rTAS on facial nerve compression injury-induced facial paralysis in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty rats were divided into five groups (<em>n</em> = 10 per group): control group (CG), model group (MG), and three rTAS groups: 0-min repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation group (rTAS-0), 2-min repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation group (rTAS-2), 5-min repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation group (rTAS-5). The MG and rTAS groups underwent facial nerve compression to model paralysis, whereas CG underwent nerve exposure only. The rTAS groups then received acupuncture (30 min daily for 14 days) with varying twisting and rest durations. We assessed facial function, temperature, and electrophysiology, followed by serum and facial nerve collection for hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and Masson's staining, and for immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to explore nerve repair factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the CG, the MG showed reduced facial function, prolonged latency and decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potentials, and more severe nerve injury, including lower Nissl body counts and collagen fiber ratios (<em>p</em> < 0.05). rTAS treatment alleviated facial nerve damage; rTAS-5 exhibited the greatest effects, with improved facial function, nerve activity, and electrophysiological indices and reduced pathological scores. rTAS-5 also enhanced histological features such as Nissl body density and collagen fiber ratios (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Moreover, rTAS-5 upregulated JAK1 and STAT3 expression in the facial nerve, suggesting activation of the JAK/STAT pathway during the repair process.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>rTAS may improve facial function in rats with facial paralysis, and a longer twisting time might yield better results. Our findings suggest that rTAS increases JAK1 and STAT3 expression to activate the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby promoting the regeneration and repair of damaged nerves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100238
Zhaohui Li , Meng Li , Xiaorong Gao , Hongyan Cui , Xiaogang Chen
Background
Both action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) can elicit activity in mirror neurons and the motor cortex. Therefore, brain–computer interface (BCI) systems based on AO and MI hold broad application prospects in the field of motor rehabilitation. An increasing number of studies have incorporated steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) into AO or MI paradigms to construct hybrid BCI systems and enhance robustness of the systems.
Methods
In this study, AO, MI, and AO combined with MI experiments were designed, based on a SSVEP paradigm. In the AO experiment, subjects were required to observe alternating and flickering fisted- and extended-hand pictures. In the MI task, subjects were required to perform MI tasks while focusing on flickering extended-hand pictures. In the AO combined with MI experiment, subjects were required to execute the same task for the AO experiment while simultaneously perform the MI task. Task-discriminant component analysis and Tikhonov regularizing common spatio-spectral pattern algorithms were used to separately process inputs from the two modalities, with the system ultimately outputting a fusion result.
Results
The results found that AO combined with MI and MI alone more effectively activated the motor cortex compared with AO alone. The fusion classification accuracy of the proposed hybrid paradigm reached 86.42% ± 8.42%, 88.54% ± 10.31%, and 88.91% ± 9.61% for AO, MI, and AO combined with MI, respectively.
Conclusion
This study provided an alternative for the construction of a more robust and comfortable rehabilitation system.
{"title":"Enhancing motor rehabilitation using a hybrid BCI paradigm: integrating high-frequency SSVEP with action observation and motor imagery","authors":"Zhaohui Li , Meng Li , Xiaorong Gao , Hongyan Cui , Xiaogang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Both action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) can elicit activity in mirror neurons and the motor cortex. Therefore, brain–computer interface (BCI) systems based on AO and MI hold broad application prospects in the field of motor rehabilitation. An increasing number of studies have incorporated steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) into AO or MI paradigms to construct hybrid BCI systems and enhance robustness of the systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, AO, MI, and AO combined with MI experiments were designed, based on a SSVEP paradigm. In the AO experiment, subjects were required to observe alternating and flickering fisted- and extended-hand pictures. In the MI task, subjects were required to perform MI tasks while focusing on flickering extended-hand pictures. In the AO combined with MI experiment, subjects were required to execute the same task for the AO experiment while simultaneously perform the MI task. Task-discriminant component analysis and Tikhonov regularizing common spatio-spectral pattern algorithms were used to separately process inputs from the two modalities, with the system ultimately outputting a fusion result.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results found that AO combined with MI and MI alone more effectively activated the motor cortex compared with AO alone. The fusion classification accuracy of the proposed hybrid paradigm reached 86.42% ± 8.42%, 88.54% ± 10.31%, and 88.91% ± 9.61% for AO, MI, and AO combined with MI, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provided an alternative for the construction of a more robust and comfortable rehabilitation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100230
Zhe Li , Yang Liu , Ruixue Wei , Sara Xue , V. Wee Yong , Mengzhou Xue
Background
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a significant global health burden, characterized by high mortality rates and long-term disability. Despite advancements in stroke management, effective therapeutic strategies targeting secondary brain injury mechanisms post-ICH remain elusive. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective potential of edaravone (EDA) in a mouse model of ICH, with particular focus on the innovative approach of intranasal administration.
Methods
A total of 96 C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to sham group (n = 32), ICH + vehicle group (n = 32) and ICH + EDA group (n = 32). ICH was induced using 0.5 μL bacterial collagenase VII. EDA (3 mg/kg) was administered intranasally starting 2 h after ICH and every 12 h thereafter (20 μL per mouse; 5 μL per nostril every 5 min). The ICH + vehicle group received the identical solvent at an equivalent volume as the EDA group via intranasal administration. We evaluated neurological functions through mNSS, corner turn, and forelimb placement tests. Additionally, brain water content, immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, Evans blue extravasation assay, and TUNEL staining were utilized to examine the neuroprotective effects of EDA in ICH.
Results
Our findings demonstrate that intranasal delivery of EDA significantly alleviated neurological deficits and reduced brain injury following ICH. This was evidenced by improvements in behavioral assessments, decreased brain water content, reduced lesion volume, and diminished cell death in the perihematomal region. Notably, intranasal EDA administration preserved blood-brain barrier integrity, suppressed microglia/macrophage activation, and mitigated oxidative stress, highlighting its multifaceted neuroprotective mechanisms.
Conclusion
These outcomes underscore the therapeutic promise of intranasal administration of EDA as a prospective intervention for alleviating secondary brain injury post-ICH and advocate for further translational and clinical investigations to validate its efficacy and safety in ICH patients.
{"title":"Intranasal administration of edaravone attenuates brain injury by targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice","authors":"Zhe Li , Yang Liu , Ruixue Wei , Sara Xue , V. Wee Yong , Mengzhou Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a significant global health burden, characterized by high mortality rates and long-term disability. Despite advancements in stroke management, effective therapeutic strategies targeting secondary brain injury mechanisms post-ICH remain elusive. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective potential of edaravone (EDA) in a mouse model of ICH, with particular focus on the innovative approach of intranasal administration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 96 C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to sham group (<em>n</em> = 32), ICH + vehicle group (<em>n</em> = 32) and ICH + EDA group (<em>n</em> = 32). ICH was induced using 0.5 μL bacterial collagenase VII. EDA (3 mg/kg) was administered intranasally starting 2 h after ICH and every 12 h thereafter (20 μL per mouse; 5 μL per nostril every 5 min). The ICH + vehicle group received the identical solvent at an equivalent volume as the EDA group via intranasal administration. We evaluated neurological functions through mNSS, corner turn, and forelimb placement tests. Additionally, brain water content, immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, Evans blue extravasation assay, and TUNEL staining were utilized to examine the neuroprotective effects of EDA in ICH.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that intranasal delivery of EDA significantly alleviated neurological deficits and reduced brain injury following ICH. This was evidenced by improvements in behavioral assessments, decreased brain water content, reduced lesion volume, and diminished cell death in the perihematomal region. Notably, intranasal EDA administration preserved blood-brain barrier integrity, suppressed microglia/macrophage activation, and mitigated oxidative stress, highlighting its multifaceted neuroprotective mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These outcomes underscore the therapeutic promise of intranasal administration of EDA as a prospective intervention for alleviating secondary brain injury post-ICH and advocate for further translational and clinical investigations to validate its efficacy and safety in ICH patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100229
Changkai Hou , Bangyue Wang , Quanlei Liu , Yang Dai , Jinkun Xu , Wen Ren , Guoguang Zhao
Background
The landmark discovery of the meningeal lymphatic system (MLS) has revolutionized our understanding of CNS waste clearance and immune surveillance. Despite a decade of transformative research since its identification in 2015, a comprehensive analysis of its developmental trajectory, current research landscape, and future directions is lacking. This bibliometric study systematically analyzes the first decade of MLS research (2015–2025), with a particular emphasis on neurorestoration potential.
Methods
We retrieved relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 2015 and 2025. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel, while collaborative networks among countries, institutions, journals, and authors were analyzed via VOSviewer, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, Web of Science, and the online bibliometric platform (http://bibliometric.com/). The key metrics included article types, research trends, citation patterns, and keyword frequency.
Results
A total of 449 publications from 2546 authors across 703 institutions in 46 countries published in 230 academic journals were identified. Nature communications contributed the largest number of MLS-related articles, whereas Nature was the most cocited journal. The majority of publications focused on immunology and cell biology. The United States and China emerged as leading contributors, with the University of Virginia producing the largest number of publications. Kipnis Jonathan was the most prolific author, whereas Louveau Antoine received the greatest number of cocitations. Keyword co-occurrence and reference analysis revealed that the “glymphatic system” and “meningeal lymphatic vessels” were central research themes. Notably, neurodegenerative diseases emerged as a rapidly growing research hotspot in MLS studies.
Conclusion
This decade-spanning analysis reveals the potential of MLS research for clinically relevant neurorestorative applications. The recognition of MLS as a regulator of immune function and neural repair has positioned them as compelling therapeutic targets. Our study highlights key trends and predicts future directions in MLS research. These insights will help prioritize research efforts to harness MLS biology for central nervous system repair paradigms.
脑膜淋巴系统（MLS）的里程碑式发现彻底改变了我们对中枢神经系统废物清除和免疫监测的理解。尽管自2015年被确定以来，已有十年的变革性研究，但缺乏对其发展轨迹、当前研究格局和未来方向的全面分析。本文献计量学研究系统地分析了MLS研究的第一个十年（2015-2025），特别强调了神经修复的潜力。方法检索Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) 2015 ~ 2025年的相关文献。数据使用Microsoft Excel处理，国家、机构、期刊和作者之间的合作网络通过VOSviewer、CiteSpace、GraphPad Prism、Web of Science和在线文献计量平台（http://bibliometric.com/）进行分析。关键指标包括文章类型、研究趋势、引用模式和关键词频率。结果共检索到46个国家703家机构2546位作者在230种学术期刊上发表的449篇论文。《自然通讯》杂志发表的mls相关文章最多，而《自然》杂志发表的mls相关文章最多。大多数出版物集中于免疫学和细胞生物学。美国和中国成为主要贡献者，其中弗吉尼亚大学发表的论文数量最多。Kipnis Jonathan是最多产的作家，而Louveau Antoine则获得了最多的荣誉。关键词共现和参考分析显示，“淋巴系统”和“脑膜淋巴管”是中心研究主题。值得注意的是，神经退行性疾病成为MLS研究中快速增长的研究热点。结论这一跨越十年的分析揭示了MLS研究在临床相关神经修复应用方面的潜力。认识到MLS作为免疫功能和神经修复的调节剂，使它们成为引人注目的治疗靶点。我们的研究突出了MLS研究的主要趋势并预测了未来的方向。这些见解将有助于优先考虑利用MLS生物学进行中枢神经系统修复范例的研究工作。
{"title":"Decoding the evolution of meningeal lymphatic system research: A decade of bibliometric insights (2015–2025)","authors":"Changkai Hou , Bangyue Wang , Quanlei Liu , Yang Dai , Jinkun Xu , Wen Ren , Guoguang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The landmark discovery of the meningeal lymphatic system (MLS) has revolutionized our understanding of CNS waste clearance and immune surveillance. Despite a decade of transformative research since its identification in 2015, a comprehensive analysis of its developmental trajectory, current research landscape, and future directions is lacking. This bibliometric study systematically analyzes the first decade of MLS research (2015–2025), with a particular emphasis on neurorestoration potential.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrieved relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 2015 and 2025. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel, while collaborative networks among countries, institutions, journals, and authors were analyzed via VOSviewer, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, Web of Science, and the online bibliometric platform (<span><span>http://bibliometric.com/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). The key metrics included article types, research trends, citation patterns, and keyword frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 449 publications from 2546 authors across 703 institutions in 46 countries published in 230 academic journals were identified. <em>Nature communications</em> contributed the largest number of MLS-related articles, whereas <em>Nature</em> was the most cocited journal. The majority of publications focused on immunology and cell biology. The United States and China emerged as leading contributors, with the University of Virginia producing the largest number of publications. Kipnis Jonathan was the most prolific author, whereas Louveau Antoine received the greatest number of cocitations. Keyword co-occurrence and reference analysis revealed that the “glymphatic system” and “meningeal lymphatic vessels” were central research themes. Notably, neurodegenerative diseases emerged as a rapidly growing research hotspot in MLS studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This decade-spanning analysis reveals the potential of MLS research for clinically relevant neurorestorative applications. The recognition of MLS as a regulator of immune function and neural repair has positioned them as compelling therapeutic targets. Our study highlights key trends and predicts future directions in MLS research. These insights will help prioritize research efforts to harness MLS biology for central nervous system repair paradigms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100228
Dapeng Zhao , Hengrui Li , Xiaoyu Wang , Ailing Yu , Lanhua Li , Baoliang Sun , Ying Wang , Guojun Wang , Jingyi Sun
Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI), which often results from traumatic incidents, leads to neural damage and impaired sensory and motor functions and may pose a serious threat to life. Secondary injury mechanisms caused by persistent inflammation disrupt the local microenvironment, causing neuronal cell death and hindering neural regeneration. This study used a chitosan-citric acid (CS-CA) hydrogel as a carrier for Catalpol (CAT-CS-CA), which was directly applied to the injury site to promote SCI repair.
Methods
CAT-CS-CA and CS-CA hydrogels were characterized and implanted into rat SCI models. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (230–250 g) rats were involved in the experiment. Six rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 3 per group) for in vivo degradation of hydrogels. Forty-eight rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 12) using a randomization protocol: sham operation group (laminectomy only), SCI group, CS-CA hydrogel group, and CAT-CS-CA hydrogel group. From each group, 3 rats were randomly selected for serum and spinal cord tissue extraction, followed by ELISA and RT-qPCR assays to determine the expression levels of various inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10). Another 3 randomly selected rats were used for the evaluation of hindlimb motor function. The remaining 6 rats in each group were used to detect the expression of neuronal nuclei (NeuN), βIII-tubulin (Tuj1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and macrophage polarization (M1/M2 markers).
Results
The CAT-CS-CA hydrogel retains CS-CA hydrogel's advantages and gains enhanced neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory abilities. The implantation of CAT-CS-CA into injured rat spinal cords enhanced neuronal survival, stimulated axonal regeneration, and significantly suppressed glial proliferation at the injury site. In addition, it promoted macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype and substantially enhanced hindlimb motor function in rats with SCI.
Conclusion
CAT-CS-CA hydrogel promotes neuronal survival, suppresses glial scarring, and improves motor function, offering a promising strategy for SCI repair.
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Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100227
Zhengwang Liu , Haifeng Gao , Yidi Man , Xiaoyu Zhang , Liang Chen , Mingliang Yang , Yingli Jing , Jun Li
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a severe neurological condition that frequently leads to permanent disability. Serum inflammatory markers and structural proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for TSCI. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum biomarkers in TSCI. In this article, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Wanfang, VIP Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software to compare serum biomarker concentrations between TSCI patients and healthy controls (diagnostic group) and between patients with favorable and unfavorable prognoses (prognostic group). The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The results showed that: (1) In the diagnostic group, the meta-analysis revealed that serum levels of NSE, MIF, S100β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-16, CCL2, CCL4, CCL21, CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL12 were significantly elevated in TSCI patients compared with healthy controls, while IL-10 levels were decreased. (2) In the prognostic group, meta-analysis indicated that serum GFAP and NSE concentrations were significantly lower in patients with favorable prognoses than in those with poor prognoses. In conclusion, the serum levels of most structural proteins and inflammatory factors in patients with TSCI are elevated compared with healthy controls, and patients with poor prognosis exhibit even higher concentrations than those with favorable outcomes. These findings indicate the potential value of these markers for diagnosing TSCI and assessing prognosis.
创伤性脊髓损伤（TSCI）是一种严重的神经系统疾病，经常导致永久性残疾。血清炎症标志物和结构蛋白可作为TSCI潜在的生物标志物。本研究旨在评价血清生物标志物在TSCI中的诊断和预后价值。本文利用万方数据库、维普数据库、中国国家知识基础设施、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase、Web of Science等数据库进行了全面的文献检索。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行meta分析，比较TSCI患者与健康对照（诊断组）、预后良好组与预后不良组（预后组）的血清生物标志物浓度。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估纳入研究的质量。结果显示：(1)诊断组患者血清NSE、MIF、S100β、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-16、CCL2、CCL4、CCL21、CXCL1、CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL12水平较健康对照组显著升高，IL-10水平较健康对照组降低。(2)预后组，meta分析显示，预后良好的患者血清GFAP和NSE浓度明显低于预后不良的患者。综上所述，与健康对照相比，TSCI患者血清中大多数结构蛋白和炎症因子水平升高，预后较差的患者甚至高于预后良好的患者。这些发现提示了这些标志物在诊断TSCI和评估预后方面的潜在价值。
{"title":"Serum biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Zhengwang Liu , Haifeng Gao , Yidi Man , Xiaoyu Zhang , Liang Chen , Mingliang Yang , Yingli Jing , Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a severe neurological condition that frequently leads to permanent disability. Serum inflammatory markers and structural proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for TSCI. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum biomarkers in TSCI. In this article, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Wanfang, VIP Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software to compare serum biomarker concentrations between TSCI patients and healthy controls (diagnostic group) and between patients with favorable and unfavorable prognoses (prognostic group). The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The results showed that: (1) In the diagnostic group, the meta-analysis revealed that serum levels of NSE, MIF, S100β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-16, CCL2, CCL4, CCL21, CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL12 were significantly elevated in TSCI patients compared with healthy controls, while IL-10 levels were decreased. (2) In the prognostic group, meta-analysis indicated that serum GFAP and NSE concentrations were significantly lower in patients with favorable prognoses than in those with poor prognoses. In conclusion, the serum levels of most structural proteins and inflammatory factors in patients with TSCI are elevated compared with healthy controls, and patients with poor prognosis exhibit even higher concentrations than those with favorable outcomes. These findings indicate the potential value of these markers for diagnosing TSCI and assessing prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100225
Panpan Shen , Yili Lin , Jiawei Ye , Peiwen Wang , Lujie Han , Weitao Yu , Xiang Yu , Qiannan Hu , Weifen Zhang , Huiyuan Wang , Pengfei Sun , Xinchun Jin , Sheng Zhang , Yu Geng
Objective
We investigated retinal and choroidal microvascular parameters as potential biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS).
Methods
We enrolled 123 asymptomatic ICAS patients and categorized them into vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) and vascular dementia (VaD) groups using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to evaluate vessel densities and perfusion areas in various retinal layers. Magnetic resonance imaging-based neuroimaging biomarkers for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) were also assessed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression identified predictor variables, and receiver operating curve analysis assessed the ability of key parameters to distinguish between VMCI and VaD.
Results
Compared with VMCI patients, VaD patients had lower radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) perfusion area, higher CSVD burden score, and larger white matter hyperintensity volume (all p < 0.05). Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that the RPC perfusion area of the affected eye had superior discriminatory power for distinguishing VaD from VMCI compared with both the CSVD burden score (Z = 1.99, p = 0.047) and white matter hyperintensity (Z = 1.97, p = 0.049). The optimal cutoff value for the 0–1 mm macular RPC perfusion area was determined as 0.068 mm2.
Conclusion
The optical coherence tomography angiography-derived RPC perfusion area can effectively differentiate VaD from VMCI, suggesting its potential as a noninvasive diagnostic method to support clinical decision-making for ICAS patients.
目的探讨视网膜和脉络膜微血管参数作为内颈动脉狭窄（ICAS）患者血管性认知障碍的潜在生物标志物。方法纳入123例无症状ICAS患者，采用蒙特利尔认知评估将其分为血管性轻度认知障碍（VMCI）组和血管性痴呆（VaD）组。使用光学相干断层血管造影评估视网膜各层血管密度和灌注面积。基于磁共振成像的脑小血管疾病（CSVD）神经成像生物标志物也进行了评估。最小绝对收缩和选择算子逻辑回归确定了预测变量，接受者工作曲线分析评估了区分VMCI和VaD的关键参数的能力。结果与VMCI患者相比，VaD患者桡动脉乳头周围毛细血管（RPC）灌注面积更小，CSVD负荷评分更高，白质高密度体积更大(p <；0.05)。受试者工作曲线分析显示，与CSVD负荷评分（Z = 1.99, p = 0.047）和白质高信号（Z = 1.97, p = 0.049）相比，患眼RPC灌注区对VaD和VMCI具有更强的区分能力。0-1 mm黄斑RPC灌注区最佳临界值为0.068 mm2。结论光学相干断层血管造影衍生的RPC灌注区可有效区分VaD和VMCI，提示其作为一种无创诊断方法支持ICAS患者的临床决策。
{"title":"Macular radial peripapillary capillary: a potential optical coherence tomography angiography biomarker of cognitive impairment in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis","authors":"Panpan Shen , Yili Lin , Jiawei Ye , Peiwen Wang , Lujie Han , Weitao Yu , Xiang Yu , Qiannan Hu , Weifen Zhang , Huiyuan Wang , Pengfei Sun , Xinchun Jin , Sheng Zhang , Yu Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated retinal and choroidal microvascular parameters as potential biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We enrolled 123 asymptomatic ICAS patients and categorized them into vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) and vascular dementia (VaD) groups using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to evaluate vessel densities and perfusion areas in various retinal layers. Magnetic resonance imaging-based neuroimaging biomarkers for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) were also assessed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression identified predictor variables, and receiver operating curve analysis assessed the ability of key parameters to distinguish between VMCI and VaD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with VMCI patients, VaD patients had lower radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) perfusion area, higher CSVD burden score, and larger white matter hyperintensity volume (all <em>p</em> < 0.05). Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that the RPC perfusion area of the affected eye had superior discriminatory power for distinguishing VaD from VMCI compared with both the CSVD burden score (<em>Z</em> = 1.99, <em>p</em> = 0.047) and white matter hyperintensity (<em>Z</em> = 1.97, <em>p</em> = 0.049). The optimal cutoff value for the 0–1 mm macular RPC perfusion area was determined as 0.068 mm<sup>2</sup>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The optical coherence tomography angiography-derived RPC perfusion area can effectively differentiate VaD from VMCI, suggesting its potential as a noninvasive diagnostic method to support clinical decision-making for ICAS patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":44709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurorestoratology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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