Journal of Neurorestoratology最新文献

Background

Ischemic stroke is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high recurrence rate. Stroke recurrence is a complex pathological phenomenon involving multiple factors. Logistic regression analysis is widely used in traditional medical statistical analysis. However, this method mainly investigates the net effect of single factors using large sample sizes. The fsQCA method is a more suitable means of analyzing the configuration effect of risk factors affecting cerebral infarction recurrence, because it is based on holism and considers interaction effects among the risk factors.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors of cerebral infarction recurrence using fsQCA, to reveal the configurations that resulted in cerebral infarction recurrence, and to provide novel ideas for the prevention of recurrence.

Methods

A total of 155 cerebral infarction patients admitted to the Department of Neurology of a tertiary class hospital in Shandong province from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected to participate. The demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with recurrence of cerebral infarction were collected, and participants were followed for one year.

Results

The comparative analysis was performed by fuzzy-set (fsQCA 3.0) software. We conducted a configuration analysis of the risk factors of cerebral infarction recurrence and generated eight different configurations by analyzing various combinations of eight risk factors.

Conclusion

This study presented results different from those reported in studies using linear regression models. It took into consideration the configurational effect of each conditional variable on cerebral infarction recurrence. To prevent such recurrences, medical workers should evaluate the combination of multiple influencing factors, instead of focusing on a single factor.

Background

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects more than 20 million people worldwide. DRE patients do not respond to anti-seizure medications. Shifting from anti-seizure to anti-epileptic and disease-modifying therapy will be an important aim for future research. The canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in epilepsy and neuroinflammation. However, the expression and regulation of RelB, which can be activated via both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling, are obscure in epilepsy. To clarify the expression and localization of RelB in the DRE phenotype and to determine the proteins related to RelB regulation, we conducted the following studies.

Methods

Quantitative PCR was performed to detect the transcription of RELB in pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats. Western blotting was used to determine the abundance of RelB and proteins related to RelB regulation in brain tissue from both epilepsy model rats and DRE patients and in liposaccharide-induced HT22 cells. Immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to locate RelB in brain sections from DRE patients. ELISA was used to determine inflammatory cytokines secreted by HT22 cells into the culture medium.

Results

RELB transcription and expression were increased in the hippocampus and cortex of epileptic rats during the acute and latent phases and in epileptic foci of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Additionally, RelB levels were mainly increased in epileptic rat neurons and accumulated in the nuclei of hippocampal neurons. Further research demonstrated increased GSK3β phosphorylation at the Ser9 inhibitory site and decreased IκBα levels, which contributed to RelB accumulation in hippocampal neurons after seizure and in liposaccharide-stimulated HT22 cells.

Conclusions

This study is the first to demonstrate that RelB is widely distributed and increased in epileptogenic foci neurons in epileptic phenotypes. These results indicate that RelB may play roles in DRE and is mediated by GSK3β and IκBα, providing a new target for anti-epileptic and disease-modifying therapy.

Background

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease with no clear molecular mechanisms or effective treatments. Murine models of SCI have been widely used to explore its pathogenesis.

Methods

In this study, a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis using GEO datasets was performed to evaluate the characteristics of different SCI models.

Results

We found that the contusion model was similar to the compression model, with inflammation and apoptosis significantly enriched, while more complex biological processes existed in hemisection and transection model. Inflammatory markers can be used as a primary evaluation index of SCI models not only in the acute and subacute phases, but also in the chronic phase. In the meantime, apoptosis markers are more suitable for evaluating mouse SCI models while inflammatory markers are more suitable for rat SCI models. In addition, SCI models with different ages, genders, injury positions, and injury levels were also analyzed.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that SCI is a heterogeneous disease and play an instructive role in model selecting.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the role of apoptosis and autophagy under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a lithium-treated SCI model.

Methods

We established a rat thoracic 10 (T10) spinal cord contusion model and observed its therapeutic effect by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of lithium. Histological and behavioral recovery with or without lithium injection were evaluated after rat spinal cord injury. In addition, we employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-PC12 cell model to study the effects of lithium on OGD-PC12 cell apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress.

Results

We found that lithium administration to SCI rats reduced neuronal apoptosis and autophagy, restored rat locomotor function by reducing ER stress via IRE1 and PERK/eIF2α pathways. In vitro experiments confirmed that upon lithium treatment, OGD-PC12 cells resisted ER stress caused by thapsigargin (TG) via the IRE1 and PERK/eIF2α signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Lithium attenuated neuronal apoptosis and autophagy, and facilitates the recovery after spinal cord injury through ameliorating ER stress, providing a new therapeutic mechanism for lithium to treat SCI.

In individuals with ventilatory pump failure (VPF) prophylactic, mechanically assisted airway clearance (ACT) by means of Mechanical Insufflation Exsufflation (MIE), is an important mitigation strategy to prevent respiratory infection, decompensation, and ultimately acute respiratory failure (ARF). VPF secondary to respiratory muscle dysfunction is a significant risk factor in neuromuscular disorders, spinal cord injury, chest wall disease, and may occur in some instances of morbid obesity. In the intensive care unit (ICU), MIE has been shown to help avoid the need for tracheostomy tube placement and improve the success rate of extubation from mechanical ventilation, especially when MIE is used in combination with continuous noninvasive ventilatory support (CNVS). Globally, clinicians are recognizing that initial titration of the settings and ongoing management of MIE can be guided by the flow and pressure waveforms that are a feature of at least one widely available MIE device.

Chiari malformation (CM) is a type of disease in which the cerebellar tonsils extend downward due to abnormal development of the hindbrain. Still, recent bibliometric studies on CM are a blind spot. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of research over the past decade to explore the hot spots and trends in this field. We used VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to perform a global bibliometric analysis of the articles from 2013 to 2022 on CM in the web of science (WOS) core collection. The query identified 2155 articles, of which most were published in the USA. Institutions like Akron University and the University of Washington published the most articles and were widely cited. Loth Francis and R. Shane Tubbs were the most productive authors on this topic. Besides, the top-cited article was also published by R.Shane Tubbs in J NEUROSURG-PEDIATR (2011). A great number of relevant studies focused on syringomyelia and surgical technique such as posterior fossa decompression. The CM field is still heating up and will continue to grow in popularity. Our findings offer a panoramic view of this research field for new researchers and policymakers.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a complicated neurobehavioral disorder, is characterised by challenges in social contact, a lack of verbal development, communication difficulties, and difficult and repetitive behaviour. Articles published in the years 2010–2022 were considered, and 46 articles came to be included. The review is structured according to the rehabilitation team and the services provided by them: drug intervention, diet, physiotherapy, occupational, vocational, psychological, family rehabilitation, and assistive technology. The result concluded with necessities and different technologies associated with the rehabilitation and the need for the rehabilitation in the upcoming statistics of the increasing number of children with ASD, and so the professional needs to be with unique ideas and technology to overcome the situation and meet expectations.

We report a case of pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage with cerebral herniation treated with stereotaxic minimally invasive surgery. A 4-month-old premature male infant with vitamin K deficiency presented to the emergency department with focal seizures and vomiting. A computed tomography scan revealed a massive intracerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe with cerebral herniation. The child successfully underwent stereotaxic minimally invasive surgery hematoma evacuation, and the neurological function improved significantly. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed to further characterize the lesion, but no intracranial vascular malformation was found. Overall, the neurological function was completely recovered at the 18-month follow-up, and there were no postoperative complications such as infection, rebleeding and seizures.

Approximately 10,000 cases of spinal cord injury (SCI), most caused by trauma, are reported each year. We present a unique case of injury secondary to electrical stimulation of the thoracic spinal cord for the treatment of diabetic foot. The patient developed symptoms of acute-phase spinal cord shock after surgery, and the expected therapeutic results were achieved by methylprednisolone and other treatments. Improper program control may destroy the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for pain relief. This case should alert physicians to the potential risks of neuroregulation following epidural placement of electrodes.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation has shown promising results in neurorehabilitation following a traumatic injury in brain and peripheral nerves. However, the effects of LIPUS stimulation in the injured neural circuit after spinal cord injury (SCI) are still unknown. We investigated the effects of LIPUS on forelimb functions in chronic cervical cord injured rats with and without a serotonergic agonist drug, Buspirone treatment. Twenty-six rats were trained for forelimb reaching and grasping followed by C4 dorsal funiculi crush injury. To deliver LIPUS, a silicon-coated ultrasound disc was implanted above the cervical cord and electromyography electrodes were implanted into forelimb muscles. In two cohorts (LIPUS and LIPUS + Buspirone combined) rats were tested pre-, with- and post-ultrasound stimulation. In LIPUS group rats, fore-limb reaching and grasping success rates first increased and then dropped after 3 weeks while for combination of drug and LIPUS stimulation the score continued to increase. Furthermore, LIPUS stimulation alone did not result in any significant improvement of grip strength compared to the control and combined groups. The findings of this study indicated the potential of LIPUS in SCI recovery and offer a future research direction of a new neuromodulation method.