Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2023.2220195
Marguérite Corporaal
representations of ‘the same world’ to readers inhabiting very different parts of the globe. Did a picture of the 1851 Great Exhibition in the Illustrated London News mean the same thing to an ILN reader in Australia or New Zealand—crown colonies that ‘ascribed enormous cultural and political influence’ to the paper (p. 43)—as it did to a subscriber residing in the metropolis itself who had the opportunity to stroll through the Crystal Palace? A similar question could be asked of whether an image of Parisian revolutionaries at the barricades in an 1848 issue of l’Illustration might have been apprehended differently by a French reader than by a resident of one of the many countries or distant territories where that newspaper was aggressively retailed—the United States, Sweden, Russia, the Netherlands, Spain, or South America. Ultimately, the question Smits’ book leaves me asking is how seeing a pictorial representation of the world might generate in viewers a sensible conviction of that world’s monolithic ‘sameness’ across space and time.
向居住在全球不同地区的读者呈现“同一个世界”。《伦敦新闻画报》(Illustrated London News)上刊登的1851年万国博览会的图片，对于澳大利亚或新西兰的《伦敦新闻画报》读者——这些英国殖民地“对报纸产生了巨大的文化和政治影响”(第43页)——和对居住在大都市、有机会漫步于水晶宫的订阅者来说，意义是一样的吗?一个类似的问题也可以被问到，1848年一期《插图》上巴黎革命者站在街垒上的图片，法国读者和那些在美国、瑞典、俄罗斯、荷兰、西班牙或南美等许多国家或遥远地区的居民，是否会有不同的理解?最终，Smits的书留给我的问题是，观看世界的图像表现如何让观众产生一种合理的信念，即世界在空间和时间上是单一的“同一性”。
{"title":"Roundtable: The European Illustrated Press and the Emergence of a Transnational Visual News Culture, 1842–1870","authors":"Marguérite Corporaal","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2023.2220195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2023.2220195","url":null,"abstract":"representations of ‘the same world’ to readers inhabiting very different parts of the globe. Did a picture of the 1851 Great Exhibition in the Illustrated London News mean the same thing to an ILN reader in Australia or New Zealand—crown colonies that ‘ascribed enormous cultural and political influence’ to the paper (p. 43)—as it did to a subscriber residing in the metropolis itself who had the opportunity to stroll through the Crystal Palace? A similar question could be asked of whether an image of Parisian revolutionaries at the barricades in an 1848 issue of l’Illustration might have been apprehended differently by a French reader than by a resident of one of the many countries or distant territories where that newspaper was aggressively retailed—the United States, Sweden, Russia, the Netherlands, Spain, or South America. Ultimately, the question Smits’ book leaves me asking is how seeing a pictorial representation of the world might generate in viewers a sensible conviction of that world’s monolithic ‘sameness’ across space and time.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42274272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2023.2183826
Åsa Bharathi Larsson
This article explores exotic and orientalized motifs in the Swedish illustrated press at the end of the nineteenth century. I argue that one way to be part of the European colonial project was to engage in colonial practices, and among these were the mass production of exotic and Oriental motifs through the illustrated press that became prevalent throughout Scandinavia. Furthermore, I describe how illustrations were part of a broader media landscape in late nineteenth-century Sweden than previously perceived. To understand its relevance today I discuss briefly how Swedish artists have been engaged with colonial and exotic motifs. The article concludes that the various colonial visual media cultures have a long tradition in Swedish media culture which still engage questions of race and representation.
{"title":"Colonial Fantasies","authors":"Åsa Bharathi Larsson","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2023.2183826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2023.2183826","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores exotic and orientalized motifs in the Swedish illustrated press at the end of the nineteenth century. I argue that one way to be part of the European colonial project was to engage in colonial practices, and among these were the mass production of exotic and Oriental motifs through the illustrated press that became prevalent throughout Scandinavia. Furthermore, I describe how illustrations were part of a broader media landscape in late nineteenth-century Sweden than previously perceived. To understand its relevance today I discuss briefly how Swedish artists have been engaged with colonial and exotic motifs. The article concludes that the various colonial visual media cultures have a long tradition in Swedish media culture which still engage questions of race and representation.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42596115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2023.2183827
Richard Jones
Reporting on crime and the courts are among the classic functions of journalism. In the UK, journalists and others must abide by the Contempt of Court Act 1981, the main piece of primary legislation aimed at ensuring coverage of legal matters is fair to the participants. The restrictions are generally tighter in practice than in jurisdictions such as the US, where the media has a much freer hand to engage in pre-trial reporting. This paper argues that media coverage of the arrest of the so-called ‘Yorkshire Ripper’ serial killer, Peter Sutcliffe, in 1981 while Parliament was considering the question of contempt, has made the UK regime tougher than it might otherwise have been. Excessive reporting was influenced by an unusually celebratory police news conference. This news coverage coloured the contemporary debate around contempt, and any opportunity for a more relaxed approach to contempt in the UK's jurisdictions was lost.
{"title":"‘Absolutely Delighted’","authors":"Richard Jones","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2023.2183827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2023.2183827","url":null,"abstract":"Reporting on crime and the courts are among the classic functions of journalism. In the UK, journalists and others must abide by the Contempt of Court Act 1981, the main piece of primary legislation aimed at ensuring coverage of legal matters is fair to the participants. The restrictions are generally tighter in practice than in jurisdictions such as the US, where the media has a much freer hand to engage in pre-trial reporting. This paper argues that media coverage of the arrest of the so-called ‘Yorkshire Ripper’ serial killer, Peter Sutcliffe, in 1981 while Parliament was considering the question of contempt, has made the UK regime tougher than it might otherwise have been. Excessive reporting was influenced by an unusually celebratory police news conference. This news coverage coloured the contemporary debate around contempt, and any opportunity for a more relaxed approach to contempt in the UK's jurisdictions was lost.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2158793
Baijayanti Roy
The bi-lingual (English/German) periodical Azad Hind/Freies Indien (‘Free India’) was published in Berlin from 1942 till at least 1944. It was the mouthpiece of the Free India Centre, established in Berlin by the Indian nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose with the help of the German Foreign Ministry, to conduct diasporic anti-colonial politics. Based mainly on unutilized archival material, this article focusses on the following facets of this magazine: (i) its role in synthesizing Indian anti-colonialism with Nazi propaganda and Axis military goals. (ii) intersections between the knowledge production for the magazine and the dynamic political trajectories of the Indians who produced such knowledge, particularly the expression of certain leftist visions and ideals in the magazine by a number of Marxist anti-colonialist Indians. Notably, the Nazis displayed remarkable pragmatism in suspending their ideological antagonism to all forms of leftist politics as far as Azad Hind was concerned.
{"title":"At The Crossroads of Anti-Colonialism, Axis Propaganda and International Communism","authors":"Baijayanti Roy","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2158793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2158793","url":null,"abstract":"The bi-lingual (English/German) periodical Azad Hind/Freies Indien (‘Free India’) was published in Berlin from 1942 till at least 1944. It was the mouthpiece of the Free India Centre, established in Berlin by the Indian nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose with the help of the German Foreign Ministry, to conduct diasporic anti-colonial politics. Based mainly on unutilized archival material, this article focusses on the following facets of this magazine: (i) its role in synthesizing Indian anti-colonialism with Nazi propaganda and Axis military goals. (ii) intersections between the knowledge production for the magazine and the dynamic political trajectories of the Indians who produced such knowledge, particularly the expression of certain leftist visions and ideals in the magazine by a number of Marxist anti-colonialist Indians. Notably, the Nazis displayed remarkable pragmatism in suspending their ideological antagonism to all forms of leftist politics as far as Azad Hind was concerned.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44864190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2153656
Manina Mestas, F. Arendt
During the nineteenth century, suicide rates rose substantially in many countries, including the geographic region of the present state of Austria. Sensational news reporting about suicides may have contributed to this rise by eliciting so-called copycat suicides, a phenomenon termed the ‘Werther effect.’ We conducted a large-scale content analysis of nineteenth-century suicide reporting (N = 14,638) to provide a descriptive account of the quality of suicide reporting back then. We found that much of the sensational reporting of the nineteenth century was characterized by presenting vivid details on the suicide method, specific location, and personal details, such as the deceased’s name, occupation, and exact address. To put these findings into context, we compared them to twenty-first-century suicide reporting (N = 300 articles). We found that the quality of reporting has improved since then, containing less Werther-effect-facilitative elements, however, the reports still fail to adhere to modern-day guidelines of responsible reporting.
{"title":"Suicide Reporting in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Manina Mestas, F. Arendt","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2153656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2153656","url":null,"abstract":"During the nineteenth century, suicide rates rose substantially in many countries, including the geographic region of the present state of Austria. Sensational news reporting about suicides may have contributed to this rise by eliciting so-called copycat suicides, a phenomenon termed the ‘Werther effect.’ We conducted a large-scale content analysis of nineteenth-century suicide reporting (N = 14,638) to provide a descriptive account of the quality of suicide reporting back then. We found that much of the sensational reporting of the nineteenth century was characterized by presenting vivid details on the suicide method, specific location, and personal details, such as the deceased’s name, occupation, and exact address. To put these findings into context, we compared them to twenty-first-century suicide reporting (N = 300 articles). We found that the quality of reporting has improved since then, containing less Werther-effect-facilitative elements, however, the reports still fail to adhere to modern-day guidelines of responsible reporting.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46674343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2146905
Jana Keck, Mila Oiva, Paul Fyfe
The scale of newspaper digitization and emergence of computational research methods has opened new opportunities for scholarship on the history of the press–as well as a new set of problems. Those problems compound for research that spans national as well as linguistic contexts. This article offers a novel methodological approach for confronting these challenges by synthesizing computational with conventional methods and working across a collaborative multilingual team. We present a case study studying the transnational and multilingual news event of Hungarian revolutionary Lajos Kossuth’s journey to the United States in 1851–52. Our approach helps to demonstrate some of the characteristic patterns and complexities in transatlantic news circulation, including the pathways, reach, temporality, vagaries, and silences of this system. These patterns, in turn, offer some insights into how we understand the significance of this era for histories of the press.
{"title":"Lajos Kossuth and the Transnational News","authors":"Jana Keck, Mila Oiva, Paul Fyfe","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2146905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2146905","url":null,"abstract":"The scale of newspaper digitization and emergence of computational research methods has opened new opportunities for scholarship on the history of the press–as well as a new set of problems. Those problems compound for research that spans national as well as linguistic contexts. This article offers a novel methodological approach for confronting these challenges by synthesizing computational with conventional methods and working across a collaborative multilingual team. We present a case study studying the transnational and multilingual news event of Hungarian revolutionary Lajos Kossuth’s journey to the United States in 1851–52. Our approach helps to demonstrate some of the characteristic patterns and complexities in transatlantic news circulation, including the pathways, reach, temporality, vagaries, and silences of this system. These patterns, in turn, offer some insights into how we understand the significance of this era for histories of the press.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41673267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2141494
A. Asseraf
{"title":"Roundtable: Wireless Internationalism and Distant Listening: Britain, Propaganda, and the Invention of Global Radio, 1920–1939","authors":"A. Asseraf","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2141494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2141494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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