Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2099367
Brooks Marmon
This article explores the emergence and destruction of the Zimbabwe Times, a weekly, later daily newspaper in Rhodesia. Covertly aligned to the Patriotic Front, an uneasy coalition of Zimbabwe’s two leading liberation movements, it primarily backed Joshua Nkomo’s ZAPU. Financed by Lonrho, a London-based conglomerate, this nationalist friendly title dramatically altered Rhodesia’s media landscape. The paper first appeared in 1977 during the waning days of white settler rule. After 18 months of publication, it was banned amidst an abortive transition to a racially integrated interim government that incorporated more pliable black leaders. Despite its brief existence, the Zimbabwe Times’ reception and interaction with a range of political groups illuminates both political strategies and tensions that underpinned the fragile relations between a host of political actors during a dynamic era. This account is principally informed by the newspaper’s own coverage, external press accounts, and interviews with Zimbabwe Times staff.
{"title":"Rise and Demise of the Zimbabwe Times","authors":"Brooks Marmon","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2099367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2099367","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the emergence and destruction of the Zimbabwe Times, a weekly, later daily newspaper in Rhodesia. Covertly aligned to the Patriotic Front, an uneasy coalition of Zimbabwe’s two leading liberation movements, it primarily backed Joshua Nkomo’s ZAPU. Financed by Lonrho, a London-based conglomerate, this nationalist friendly title dramatically altered Rhodesia’s media landscape. The paper first appeared in 1977 during the waning days of white settler rule. After 18 months of publication, it was banned amidst an abortive transition to a racially integrated interim government that incorporated more pliable black leaders. Despite its brief existence, the Zimbabwe Times’ reception and interaction with a range of political groups illuminates both political strategies and tensions that underpinned the fragile relations between a host of political actors during a dynamic era. This account is principally informed by the newspaper’s own coverage, external press accounts, and interviews with Zimbabwe Times staff.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"29 1","pages":"384 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44001703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2107154
C. Pettitt
{"title":"Empire News: The Anglo-Indian Press Writes India / The Spread of Print in Colonial India: Into the Hinterland","authors":"C. Pettitt","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2107154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2107154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"28 1","pages":"458 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59846883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2107150
Michael Harris
This is a subtle, absorbing and important work of scholarship. In her multi-layered text, Professor Trettien pursues a number of objectives. Her core material on the ‘ bookwork ’ of three individually centred collectives is explicitly concerned with the future of publishing in the humanities as well as with the relationship of computerised data to print and other media forms during this time of radical change. The character of her book is signalled by its primary title. Cut/Copy/Paste are basic terms in computer use, which can also be referred back to the scissors and paste methodology of writing and publishing adopted by her three seventeenth-century subjects. As they reassembled old texts and other materials to create something new in multi-media forms, they also take on cur-rency as models for contemporary practices in the individual gathering, reordering and integration of electronic data with print. The women of Little Gidding and their ‘ harmo-nies ’ , composed from pieces cut from editions of the bible, John Benlowes, their neigh-bour, continuously extending and reinventing his own printed books, and John Bagford gathering quantities of surviving remnants of books and manuscripts for his fi nally unpub-lished history of print, are brought clearly into view each under one of the three terms in the book ’ s title. Her subjects are collectively described by Professor Trettien as outsiders. This derives in part from the geographical positioning of the fi rst two groupings located in self-contained isolation well away from the centre of print culture in London. Bagford ’ s outsider-ness arose from other causes. Both his modest social status as a former shoe-maker and his omnivorous approach to the collection of specimens, which never trans-ferred into the standard product of the printed book, left him on the fringes of both the book trade and elite culture. The subsequent view of her protagonists as outsiders is also identi fi ed in other ways. It was partly, she claims, a product of institutional conser-vatism; a failure of classi fi cation by scholars and to challenge the whitewashed, patriarchal, heteronormative brand of historicism still dominant in bibliography and literary studies that sees questions of identity as irrelevant to early modern Europe, and to do so speci fi cally by promoting objects, histories, formats, and arguments that evince a diverse (in many senses of that word) past, freely and across multiple platforms.
{"title":"Cut/Copy/Paste: Fragments from the History of Bookwork","authors":"Michael Harris","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2107150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2107150","url":null,"abstract":"This is a subtle, absorbing and important work of scholarship. In her multi-layered text, Professor Trettien pursues a number of objectives. Her core material on the ‘ bookwork ’ of three individually centred collectives is explicitly concerned with the future of publishing in the humanities as well as with the relationship of computerised data to print and other media forms during this time of radical change. The character of her book is signalled by its primary title. Cut/Copy/Paste are basic terms in computer use, which can also be referred back to the scissors and paste methodology of writing and publishing adopted by her three seventeenth-century subjects. As they reassembled old texts and other materials to create something new in multi-media forms, they also take on cur-rency as models for contemporary practices in the individual gathering, reordering and integration of electronic data with print. The women of Little Gidding and their ‘ harmo-nies ’ , composed from pieces cut from editions of the bible, John Benlowes, their neigh-bour, continuously extending and reinventing his own printed books, and John Bagford gathering quantities of surviving remnants of books and manuscripts for his fi nally unpub-lished history of print, are brought clearly into view each under one of the three terms in the book ’ s title. Her subjects are collectively described by Professor Trettien as outsiders. This derives in part from the geographical positioning of the fi rst two groupings located in self-contained isolation well away from the centre of print culture in London. Bagford ’ s outsider-ness arose from other causes. Both his modest social status as a former shoe-maker and his omnivorous approach to the collection of specimens, which never trans-ferred into the standard product of the printed book, left him on the fringes of both the book trade and elite culture. The subsequent view of her protagonists as outsiders is also identi fi ed in other ways. It was partly, she claims, a product of institutional conser-vatism; a failure of classi fi cation by scholars and to challenge the whitewashed, patriarchal, heteronormative brand of historicism still dominant in bibliography and literary studies that sees questions of identity as irrelevant to early modern Europe, and to do so speci fi cally by promoting objects, histories, formats, and arguments that evince a diverse (in many senses of that word) past, freely and across multiple platforms.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"28 1","pages":"455 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43567044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2092463
Kristy Hess, Kerry McCallum
This study examines the role of a local newspaper in shaping a community’s collective memory of child sexual abuse by documenting changing representations of a former rural orphanage and its custodians where such horrific crimes took place. The paper conducts an across-time analysis of news coverage (1944–1954 and 2010–2020) to map these changing representations in their media, policy and social contexts. It extends scholarship around collective memory and temporal reflexivity as a provocation for journalists to acknowledge and engage with their news outlet’s own mediated past (no matter how uncomfortable) when reporting on and interpreting events such as Australia’s Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.
{"title":"Reflecting on a painful Past","authors":"Kristy Hess, Kerry McCallum","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2092463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2092463","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the role of a local newspaper in shaping a community’s collective memory of child sexual abuse by documenting changing representations of a former rural orphanage and its custodians where such horrific crimes took place. The paper conducts an across-time analysis of news coverage (1944–1954 and 2010–2020) to map these changing representations in their media, policy and social contexts. It extends scholarship around collective memory and temporal reflexivity as a provocation for journalists to acknowledge and engage with their news outlet’s own mediated past (no matter how uncomfortable) when reporting on and interpreting events such as Australia’s Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"29 1","pages":"401 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2085084
Charlotte Nilsson
This article examines the role of Swedish mail-order catalogues in the everyday life of the early twentieth century, and in the development of consumer culture. The study deals with the materiality, content and distribution of the mail-order catalogues as well as their use in everyday life. The case of Åhlén & Holm, a major Swedish mail-order company, and its audience is relevant beyond the national context, since it demonstrates how extensive distribution of and interaction with commercial media can induce a crucial societal change such as the development of consumer culture. Arguing for a ‘media history from below’, the source material consists of responses to a qualitative questionnaire, besides catalogues and other material from the company archive. The result shows that the mediated encounter with Åhlén & Holm provided its audience with a commercial literacy that entailed both an emancipation from the economic, geographical and social constraints of everyday life and a confinement in a commercial world.
{"title":"The Development of Commercial Literacy","authors":"Charlotte Nilsson","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2085084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2085084","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of Swedish mail-order catalogues in the everyday life of the early twentieth century, and in the development of consumer culture. The study deals with the materiality, content and distribution of the mail-order catalogues as well as their use in everyday life. The case of Åhlén & Holm, a major Swedish mail-order company, and its audience is relevant beyond the national context, since it demonstrates how extensive distribution of and interaction with commercial media can induce a crucial societal change such as the development of consumer culture. Arguing for a ‘media history from below’, the source material consists of responses to a qualitative questionnaire, besides catalogues and other material from the company archive. The result shows that the mediated encounter with Åhlén & Holm provided its audience with a commercial literacy that entailed both an emancipation from the economic, geographical and social constraints of everyday life and a confinement in a commercial world.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"28 1","pages":"385 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42412377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2079481
B. Beattie
Russel Ward claimed that Miles ‘Staniforth Smith, a radical Protectionist, who later joined the Labor Party, was perhaps the most rabidly racist member of either House’ 1 of the first parliament. It has gone unchallenged in the literature, a case of sans aucun doubte. 2 This article inquiries into the strength of the claim by first drawing on newspaper reporting and finds that Ward had drawn a longbow. In sum, the article provides an important lesson on taking statements at face value and allowing them to become historical fact.
{"title":"Russel Ward on Staniforth Smith","authors":"B. Beattie","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2079481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2079481","url":null,"abstract":"Russel Ward claimed that Miles ‘Staniforth Smith, a radical Protectionist, who later joined the Labor Party, was perhaps the most rabidly racist member of either House’ 1 of the first parliament. It has gone unchallenged in the literature, a case of sans aucun doubte. 2 This article inquiries into the strength of the claim by first drawing on newspaper reporting and finds that Ward had drawn a longbow. In sum, the article provides an important lesson on taking statements at face value and allowing them to become historical fact.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"29 1","pages":"321 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44896227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2079482
M. Y. Zara
This study explores how an English-language magazine affiliated with the Indonesian government, The Voice of Free Indonesia (TVFI), conveyed to foreigners Indonesia’s views of the British occupation in Indonesia in October–December 1945. By using historical method, this study argues that for TVFI providing Indonesia’s perspectives to global readers was crucial for Indonesia’s struggle for maintaining independence. The magazine constantly emphasized that Indonesia’s independence was in accordance with the Atlantic Charter, that the British had broken their initial promises to Indonesians, and that the British committed excessive and inhuman violence against the Indonesians. This study shows that at the beginning of their independence, Indonesian nationalists not only fought physically against the British, as is well known, but also tried to win the battle of ‘hearts and minds’ in the international public through the publication of TVFI. This study offers a rethinking on media and colonialism studies by providing Indonesia’s interpretations of the post-war British mission in the context of decolonization, emerging Indonesian nation-state and British occupation that followed.
{"title":"Indonesian English-language Magazine Reports on the British Occupation of Indonesia","authors":"M. Y. Zara","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2079482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2079482","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how an English-language magazine affiliated with the Indonesian government, The Voice of Free Indonesia (TVFI), conveyed to foreigners Indonesia’s views of the British occupation in Indonesia in October–December 1945. By using historical method, this study argues that for TVFI providing Indonesia’s perspectives to global readers was crucial for Indonesia’s struggle for maintaining independence. The magazine constantly emphasized that Indonesia’s independence was in accordance with the Atlantic Charter, that the British had broken their initial promises to Indonesians, and that the British committed excessive and inhuman violence against the Indonesians. This study shows that at the beginning of their independence, Indonesian nationalists not only fought physically against the British, as is well known, but also tried to win the battle of ‘hearts and minds’ in the international public through the publication of TVFI. This study offers a rethinking on media and colonialism studies by providing Indonesia’s interpretations of the post-war British mission in the context of decolonization, emerging Indonesian nation-state and British occupation that followed.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"29 1","pages":"353 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43930456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2079478
Richard Legay, Jessica Burton
Thought as a case study illustrating the connections between comics (bandes dessinées) and radio, this article analyses the short-lived radio show ‘Le Feu de camp du dimanche matin’ (Sunday Morning Campfire). It aired for 13 episodes in 1969 on the waves of Europe n°1 and was presented by members of the comics magazine Pilote. This article is based on the two surviving episodes and a few issues of the magazine to offer an analysis that reveals the links between two mass media of popular culture. Rather unknown, this show is a fascinating, although not so successful, experiment of ‘comics celebrities’ to transpose their culture, references and sense of humour, onto a different medium. These connections highlight the permeability between two highly popular media in the late 1960s, and the ways in which the norms of each medium were played with and, at times, transgressed.
作为一个说明漫画（bandes dessinées）和广播之间联系的案例研究，本文分析了短命的广播节目“Le Feu de camp du dimanche matin”（周日早晨篝火）。1969年，它在《欧洲第一号》的浪潮中播出了13集，由漫画杂志《飞行员》的成员介绍。本文以现存的两集和几期杂志为基础，分析了两种大众文化媒介之间的联系。这部电视剧虽然不太成功，但却是一场引人入胜的实验，让“漫画名人”将他们的文化、参考资料和幽默感转移到另一种媒介上。这些联系突显了20世纪60年代末两种非常流行的媒体之间的渗透性，以及每种媒体的规范被玩弄的方式，有时甚至被违反。
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Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2079484
P. Snickars
In an explorative manner, this article uses a data-driven digital history set-up to focus on media political issues in Sweden during the second half of the twentieth century. By distant reading and topic modeling a dataset of 3100 Swedish Government Official Reports between 1945 and 1989—a corpus of some 87 million tokens—the article gives a new perspective of how the Swedish state examined and discussed media in general and media politics in particular. Topic modeling is a computational method to study latent themes or discourses in a dataset by accentuating words that tend to co-occur and together create different topics. Via a computational interrogation of the dataset in a Jupyter Lab environment a number of media topics can be detected. They include the most common words for each media topic, but also reveal temporal periodizations when media political issues were foremost discussed as well as other societal topics that media was related to.
{"title":"Modeling Media History","authors":"P. Snickars","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2079484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2079484","url":null,"abstract":"In an explorative manner, this article uses a data-driven digital history set-up to focus on media political issues in Sweden during the second half of the twentieth century. By distant reading and topic modeling a dataset of 3100 Swedish Government Official Reports between 1945 and 1989—a corpus of some 87 million tokens—the article gives a new perspective of how the Swedish state examined and discussed media in general and media politics in particular. Topic modeling is a computational method to study latent themes or discourses in a dataset by accentuating words that tend to co-occur and together create different topics. Via a computational interrogation of the dataset in a Jupyter Lab environment a number of media topics can be detected. They include the most common words for each media topic, but also reveal temporal periodizations when media political issues were foremost discussed as well as other societal topics that media was related to.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"28 1","pages":"403 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48961609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.1080/13688804.2022.2065972
A. Borden
My research suggests that in addition to local practices, American film historians should continue to be attentive to mass experiences determined not only by location but, in this case, by 19th century periodical reading habits. I focus on the first four years of US public photochemical motion picture exhibition to consider the similarities I found in the use of still photographs to explain and introduce the machines and development processes used to introduce photochemical motion pictures to middle-class reading publics, effectively inviting readers to mentally animate the images themselves in imitatiion of a screening apparatus. I argue that the use of photographs in US magazines, the result of changes in printing practices in the period following the Civil War, shows that in addition to documented exhibitor practices, published magazine accounts also readied potential audience members for the new experience they would encounter by emphasizing the synthesis of individual photographs to create motion pictures. This relationship demonstrates that American periodicals played a crucial role in the way photochemical motion pictures and still photographs were depicted in mass culture to visualize the hidden relationship between photograms once they are placed in motion.
{"title":"Stillness and Motion on the Coffee Table","authors":"A. Borden","doi":"10.1080/13688804.2022.2065972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2065972","url":null,"abstract":"My research suggests that in addition to local practices, American film historians should continue to be attentive to mass experiences determined not only by location but, in this case, by 19th century periodical reading habits. I focus on the first four years of US public photochemical motion picture exhibition to consider the similarities I found in the use of still photographs to explain and introduce the machines and development processes used to introduce photochemical motion pictures to middle-class reading publics, effectively inviting readers to mentally animate the images themselves in imitatiion of a screening apparatus. I argue that the use of photographs in US magazines, the result of changes in printing practices in the period following the Civil War, shows that in addition to documented exhibitor practices, published magazine accounts also readied potential audience members for the new experience they would encounter by emphasizing the synthesis of individual photographs to create motion pictures. This relationship demonstrates that American periodicals played a crucial role in the way photochemical motion pictures and still photographs were depicted in mass culture to visualize the hidden relationship between photograms once they are placed in motion.","PeriodicalId":44733,"journal":{"name":"Media History","volume":"29 1","pages":"177 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45856714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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