Abstract:In Odes 1.28, Horace deals with one of his favorite topics: death and the appropriate human disposition towards it, by focusing on the Pythagorean mathematician Archytas and his tomb near the sea. The paper tackles the old interpretive difficulty arising from the fact that several of the mathematician’s traits belong rather to Archimedes by arguing that Horace purposefully conflated the two mathematicians to respond to Cicero, who famously portrays himself cleaning Archimedes’ tomb in Tusculans 5.64. By identifying Archimedes with Archytas, Horace accentuates the aura of immortality attributed to Archimedes by Cicero and is able to offer his own contrasting view more forcefully.
{"title":"Horace’s Archytas Ode (1.28) and the Tomb of Archimedes in Cicero (Tusculanae Disputationes 5.64)","authors":"Cristian Tolsa","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2019.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2019.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Odes 1.28, Horace deals with one of his favorite topics: death and the appropriate human disposition towards it, by focusing on the Pythagorean mathematician Archytas and his tomb near the sea. The paper tackles the old interpretive difficulty arising from the fact that several of the mathematician’s traits belong rather to Archimedes by arguing that Horace purposefully conflated the two mathematicians to respond to Cicero, who famously portrays himself cleaning Archimedes’ tomb in Tusculans 5.64. By identifying Archimedes with Archytas, Horace accentuates the aura of immortality attributed to Archimedes by Cicero and is able to offer his own contrasting view more forcefully.","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"52 1","pages":"53 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2019.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article looks at a selection of Hellenistic epigrams (mostly by Callimachus), focusing on the way they produce humor through verbal ambiguity and subversion of the conventional form and meaning of epigrammatic topoi relating to religion, sexuality, common values and beliefs, and death. A detailed analysis of the epigrams is followed by a general discussion of their ideological orientations, which are shown to resemble the psychological motives for jokes identified by Freud in Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious. Epigrams discussed include Callimachus 10, 13, 23, 28, 30 Pfeiffer, Asclepiades 2 Sens, and Hippon 1 Page.
{"title":"Generic Ambiguity and “Tendentious” Humor in the Hellenistic Epigram","authors":"E. Bouchard","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2019.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2019.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article looks at a selection of Hellenistic epigrams (mostly by Callimachus), focusing on the way they produce humor through verbal ambiguity and subversion of the conventional form and meaning of epigrammatic topoi relating to religion, sexuality, common values and beliefs, and death. A detailed analysis of the epigrams is followed by a general discussion of their ideological orientations, which are shown to resemble the psychological motives for jokes identified by Freud in Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious. Epigrams discussed include Callimachus 10, 13, 23, 28, 30 Pfeiffer, Asclepiades 2 Sens, and Hippon 1 Page.","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"52 1","pages":"21 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2019.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42712535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In his versions of the rape of Proserpina, Ovid appeals to his contemporary reader by poetically playing with the rhetoric and law of the Augustan age—a practice defined as a “poetics of legalism” in this article. In his late antique epic, Claudian follows an Ovidian model, continuing the legalistic treatment of the myth and submitting his characters to Constantinian raptus marriage legislation that would resonate with his contemporary reader. The continuity of a poetics of legalism present in the rapes of Proserpina illustrates the interconnected dynamics of law and poetry in the mythopoesis of Augustan and late antique literature.
{"title":"The Poetics of Legalism: Ovid and Claudian on the Rape of Proserpina","authors":"B. Jones","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In his versions of the rape of Proserpina, Ovid appeals to his contemporary reader by poetically playing with the rhetoric and law of the Augustan age—a practice defined as a “poetics of legalism” in this article. In his late antique epic, Claudian follows an Ovidian model, continuing the legalistic treatment of the myth and submitting his characters to Constantinian raptus marriage legislation that would resonate with his contemporary reader. The continuity of a poetics of legalism present in the rapes of Proserpina illustrates the interconnected dynamics of law and poetry in the mythopoesis of Augustan and late antique literature.","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"52 1","pages":"104 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2019.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alcaeus Fragment 130b V and the Literature of Exile","authors":"Ippokratis Kantzios","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2018.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2018.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"51 1","pages":"191 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2018.0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narratological approaches to classical literature have long since extended beyond the limits of the conventionally narrative genres of epic, historiography, and the novel to encompass less obvious genres such as lyric, elegy, and tragedy.2 Didactic poetry, however, has received relatively little attention. There has been some work on “narrative technique” in the more obviously “narrative” sections, such as the Athenian plague in de Rerum Natura (DRN) 6 or the “Aristaeus” in Georgics 4, but these episodes, though integral to the didactic project of their respective poems, are nevertheless the least characteristic of didactic’s distinctive qualities.3 The excellent studies by Don Fowler (2000), Monica Gale (2004), and Simon
{"title":"You Too: The Narratology of Apostrophe and Second-Person Narrative in Virgil’s Georgics","authors":"R. Cowan","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2018.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2018.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Narratological approaches to classical literature have long since extended beyond the limits of the conventionally narrative genres of epic, historiography, and the novel to encompass less obvious genres such as lyric, elegy, and tragedy.2 Didactic poetry, however, has received relatively little attention. There has been some work on “narrative technique” in the more obviously “narrative” sections, such as the Athenian plague in de Rerum Natura (DRN) 6 or the “Aristaeus” in Georgics 4, but these episodes, though integral to the didactic project of their respective poems, are nevertheless the least characteristic of didactic’s distinctive qualities.3 The excellent studies by Don Fowler (2000), Monica Gale (2004), and Simon","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"51 1","pages":"269 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2018.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The title of this paper quotes a phrase from Jean-Pierre Vernant’s discussion of the Gorgon that focuses on the ways in which representations of the gorgoneion (a Gorgon mask) were depicted as “disrupting the features that make up a human face,” producing “an effect of disconcerting strangeness that expresses a form of the monstrous that oscillates between two extremes: the horror of the terrifying and the hilarity of the grotesque” (1991.113).1 This portrayal ushers the reader into a murky world of concepts of alterity: as Vernant puts it, the Gorgon’s mask “expresses and maintains the radical otherness, the alterity of the world of the dead, which no living person may approach” (1991.121), and his analysis reveals this otherness as comprising a network of ideas that associate not only the realm of the dead, but also night, some particular qualities of the female, and monstrosity.
{"title":"“The Horror of the Terrifying and the Hilarity of the Grotesque”: Daimonic Spaces—and Emotions—in Ancient Greek Literature","authors":"Esther Eidinow","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2018.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2018.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The title of this paper quotes a phrase from Jean-Pierre Vernant’s discussion of the Gorgon that focuses on the ways in which representations of the gorgoneion (a Gorgon mask) were depicted as “disrupting the features that make up a human face,” producing “an effect of disconcerting strangeness that expresses a form of the monstrous that oscillates between two extremes: the horror of the terrifying and the hilarity of the grotesque” (1991.113).1 This portrayal ushers the reader into a murky world of concepts of alterity: as Vernant puts it, the Gorgon’s mask “expresses and maintains the radical otherness, the alterity of the world of the dead, which no living person may approach” (1991.121), and his analysis reveals this otherness as comprising a network of ideas that associate not only the realm of the dead, but also night, some particular qualities of the female, and monstrosity.","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"51 1","pages":"209 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2018.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47547002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 249 bce, when the outcome of the First Punic War was still in the balance, a Roman consul misbehaved in a spectacularly memorable—and revealing—fashion. After leading a naval force towards the harbor of Drepana in an effort to surprise the Carthaginian fleet moored there, Publius Claudius Pulcher sought the approval of the gods prior to battle. The sacred chickens kept on board for auspice taking were let out of their cages and feed was sprinkled before them. They did not peck, an emphatic, “Do not proceed,” from the gods to P. Claudius Pulcher, but the commander, itching for battle, chose not only to ignore the omen but to have the chickens tossed overboard. The ensuing battle was a calamity: of the more than one hundred Roman ships at the encounter, only thirty escaped; the remainder were captured or sunk. Beating a quick return back to Rome, P. Claudius Pulcher was forced to appoint a dictator by the senate and narrowly escaped conviction on a malfeasance charge. In the exemplary discourses of the late Roman republic and early empire, the incident became a byword for the temerity and foolishness of mocking and disregarding the auspices.1
公元前249年，当第一次布匿战争的结果还处于平衡状态时，一位罗马执政官的行为不端，令人难忘，也很暴露。Publius Claudius Pulcher率领海军部队前往德雷帕纳港，试图给停泊在那里的迦太基舰队一个惊喜，之后在战斗前寻求众神的批准。船上为祈福而饲养的神鸡被从笼子里放出来，饲料撒在它们面前。他们没有啄，从众神那里向P·克劳迪乌斯·普彻（P.Claudius Pulcher）强调“不要继续”，但这位渴望战斗的指挥官不仅选择无视这一预兆，还选择把鸡扔到船外。随后的战斗是一场灾难：在遭遇战中的100多艘罗马船只中，只有30艘逃脱；其余部分被俘获或击沉。克劳迪乌斯·普尔彻（P.Claudius Pulcher）迅速返回罗马，被迫被参议院任命为独裁者，并侥幸逃脱渎职指控。在罗马共和国晚期和帝国早期的典型话语中，这一事件成为嘲笑和无视主持的鲁莽和愚蠢的代名词。1
{"title":"Ecology, Epistemology, and Divination in Cicero De Divinatione 1.90–94","authors":"Dan-el Padilla Peralta","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2018.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2018.0011","url":null,"abstract":"In 249 bce, when the outcome of the First Punic War was still in the balance, a Roman consul misbehaved in a spectacularly memorable—and revealing—fashion. After leading a naval force towards the harbor of Drepana in an effort to surprise the Carthaginian fleet moored there, Publius Claudius Pulcher sought the approval of the gods prior to battle. The sacred chickens kept on board for auspice taking were let out of their cages and feed was sprinkled before them. They did not peck, an emphatic, “Do not proceed,” from the gods to P. Claudius Pulcher, but the commander, itching for battle, chose not only to ignore the omen but to have the chickens tossed overboard. The ensuing battle was a calamity: of the more than one hundred Roman ships at the encounter, only thirty escaped; the remainder were captured or sunk. Beating a quick return back to Rome, P. Claudius Pulcher was forced to appoint a dictator by the senate and narrowly escaped conviction on a malfeasance charge. In the exemplary discourses of the late Roman republic and early empire, the incident became a byword for the temerity and foolishness of mocking and disregarding the auspices.1","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"51 1","pages":"237 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2018.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44117376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who Should be Sacrificed? Human Sacrifice and Status in Plutarch: Themistocles 13, Pelopidas 21–22, Philopoemen 21","authors":"M. G. González","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2019.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2019.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"52 1","pages":"165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2019.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66323098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current scholarly communis opinio holds that the referent of the title of Varro’s Bimarcus and the Menippean satire’s two speakers are not (as previously believed) two different men named Marcus but rather two sides of the Varro-ego himself, arguing in an internal dialogue.1 Joel Relihan sees the split-author dialogue of Persius poem 1 as a reiteration of Bimarcus, and Kirk Freudenburg argues that Bimarcus is the inspiration both for the split persona of the satirist in Persius poem 3 and for the bewildering nested quotations of Damasippus in Horace’s Sermones 2.3, while Mikhail Bakhtin presents Bimarcus as the foundation for the enduring western literary trope of the author split in two.2 I argue, in turn, that
{"title":"Varro's Bimarcus and Encounters with the Self in Plautus's Epidicus and Amphitruo","authors":"T. Gellar-Goad","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2018.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2018.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The current scholarly communis opinio holds that the referent of the title of Varro’s Bimarcus and the Menippean satire’s two speakers are not (as previously believed) two different men named Marcus but rather two sides of the Varro-ego himself, arguing in an internal dialogue.1 Joel Relihan sees the split-author dialogue of Persius poem 1 as a reiteration of Bimarcus, and Kirk Freudenburg argues that Bimarcus is the inspiration both for the split persona of the satirist in Persius poem 3 and for the bewildering nested quotations of Damasippus in Horace’s Sermones 2.3, while Mikhail Bakhtin presents Bimarcus as the foundation for the enduring western literary trope of the author split in two.2 I argue, in turn, that","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"51 1","pages":"117 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2018.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46436737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epistolary authors envision a reader at the very beginning of the act of composition. Epistles are sent to somebody, addressed to an individual or series of individuals that constitute the public addressee (the pubic reader). When epistles are collected, arranged, and circulated, another act of reading is envisaged by the author and thus another reader (the implied reader). As long as the epistolary author exerts control over the act of composition, collection, arrangement, and circulation, then both the public and implied readers are constructed and can be directed by the author to disregard or prioritise information, infer or ignore the letter’s context, and accept the author’s self-fashioning or claims as to why the epistle was written, sent, or arranged for them to read.1 According to Janet Altman (1982.111): “The external reader’s experience is partially governed by the presence of their internal counterpart [the addressee]; we read any given letter from at least three points of view—that of the intended or actual recipient as well as that of the writer and our own.” The implied reader’s (or external reader’s) multiple vantage points, including the assumed perspective of the addressee, renders him or her subject to multiple forms of authorial direction. In addition, the genre’s mimesis of real speech enables a comparison between the dynamics of a conversation and an epistle. Implied readers are akin to bystanders who, as Erving Goffman argues, are placed under pressure to be quiet and not disrupt or eavesdrop on a nearby conversation that does not directly involve
{"title":"Pliny's Epistolary Directions","authors":"M. Hanaghan","doi":"10.1353/ARE.2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ARE.2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Epistolary authors envision a reader at the very beginning of the act of composition. Epistles are sent to somebody, addressed to an individual or series of individuals that constitute the public addressee (the pubic reader). When epistles are collected, arranged, and circulated, another act of reading is envisaged by the author and thus another reader (the implied reader). As long as the epistolary author exerts control over the act of composition, collection, arrangement, and circulation, then both the public and implied readers are constructed and can be directed by the author to disregard or prioritise information, infer or ignore the letter’s context, and accept the author’s self-fashioning or claims as to why the epistle was written, sent, or arranged for them to read.1 According to Janet Altman (1982.111): “The external reader’s experience is partially governed by the presence of their internal counterpart [the addressee]; we read any given letter from at least three points of view—that of the intended or actual recipient as well as that of the writer and our own.” The implied reader’s (or external reader’s) multiple vantage points, including the assumed perspective of the addressee, renders him or her subject to multiple forms of authorial direction. In addition, the genre’s mimesis of real speech enables a comparison between the dynamics of a conversation and an epistle. Implied readers are akin to bystanders who, as Erving Goffman argues, are placed under pressure to be quiet and not disrupt or eavesdrop on a nearby conversation that does not directly involve","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":"51 1","pages":"137 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ARE.2018.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44236285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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