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Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)最新文献

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Neurological manifestations of long COVID: clinical aspects and impact on quality of life 长期COVID的神经学表现:临床方面和对生活质量的影响
V. Skvortsov, E. A. Malyakina, G. Malyakin, A. R. Ponomareva, R. Tinaeva, A. V. Kiseleva, A. V. Leskova
Recent studies indicate an extremely high prevalence of long-term neurological manifestations among COVID-19 survivors, with nearly a third of patients diagnosed with neurological or psychiatric disorders in the first 6 months after acute COVID-19. Unlike the acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19, the pathophysiological mechanisms of long COVID-19 remain poorly understood. Several studies have concluded that both the CNS and the PNS are involved in patients with long COVID. The most common neurological symptoms were fatigue, memory/attention deficits, sleep disturbances, and myalgias, with each symptom occurring in one third of patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impact of COVID-19 on patients, regardless of severity, extends beyond hospitalization for severe cases to continued deterioration in quality of life, mental health, and employment problems. Doctors' awareness of this condition, strict control of metabolic changes and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and effective and safe treatment of identified disorders are the main tasks in the management of patients with this pathology.
最近的研究表明,COVID-19幸存者中长期神经系统表现的患病率极高,近三分之一的患者在急性COVID-19后的头6个月内被诊断患有神经或精神疾病。与COVID-19的急性神经系统表现不同,长期COVID-19的病理生理机制仍然知之甚少。几项研究得出结论,CNS和PNS都与长COVID患者有关。最常见的神经系统症状是疲劳、记忆/注意力缺陷、睡眠障碍和肌痛,每种症状都出现在三分之一的既往SARS-CoV-2感染患者中。COVID-19对患者的影响,无论严重程度如何,都超出了重症患者住院治疗的范围,还会导致生活质量持续恶化、精神健康和就业问题。医生对这一病症的认识,严格控制代谢变化和心血管疾病的危险因素,对已发现的疾病进行有效、安全的治疗是这一病理患者管理的主要任务。
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引用次数: 0
Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression in patients with residual-organic insufficiency of the central nervous system 经颅磁刺激治疗中枢神经系统残余器质性功能不全患者的难治性抑郁症
S. Rangus, B. Tsygankov, A. O. Prosvetov, Yury Yurshev
This article discusses the relationship of three global topics, each of which is of particular interest in the scientific community: transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment method, treatment-resistant depression, and residual-organic insufficiency of the central nervous system. Depression has become one of the most common diseases in the world, affecting more than 264 million people. According to various clinical data, drug therapy is effective in about 70 % of cases. In the remaining 30 %, there is no efficiency, or it turns out to be incomplete. These conditions can be comorbid with a variety of exogenous organic symptoms. Up to 30 % of patients seeking medical help in connection with neurotic disorders have signs of residual-organic insufficiency. The treatment of these conditions requires the search for methods to resolve them. One of these methods is transcranial magnetic stimulation. It is a non-invasive and well-tolerated treatment for depression, with proven clinical efficacy.
本文讨论了三个全球主题的关系,每个主题都是科学界特别感兴趣的:经颅磁刺激作为一种治疗方法,治疗难治性抑郁症和中枢神经系统残余器质性功能不全。抑郁症已成为世界上最常见的疾病之一,影响着超过2.64亿人。根据各种临床资料,药物治疗对约70%的病例有效。在剩下的30%中,没有效率,或者是不完整的。这些情况可与多种外源性器质性症状合并症。在寻求与神经性疾病有关的医疗帮助的患者中,高达30%的人有残余器质性功能不全的迹象。治疗这些病症需要寻找解决它们的方法。其中一种方法是经颅磁刺激。这是一种无创且耐受性良好的治疗抑郁症的方法,临床疗效已得到证实。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro effect of serum IgGs with oxidoreductase activities of schizophrenic patients on apoptosis level 精神分裂症患者血清氧化还原酶活性对细胞凋亡水平的影响
L. Smirnova, E. Epimakhova, D. Kazantseva, D. Kamaeva, A. Semke, S. Ivanova
This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of IgG with catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, isolated from the blood serum of patients with paranoid schizophrenia, on the parameters of apoptotic cell death in an in vitro experiment, using a model of the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of immunoglobulins G were evaluated, and these activities were proved to belong to antibodies. It has been shown for the first time that abzymes from patients with schizophrenia in the therapeutic remission phase significantly reduce the level of apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line after 24 incubations in an in vitro experiment.
本文利用SH-SY5Y人神经母细胞瘤细胞系模型,研究了偏执型精神分裂症患者血清中过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的IgG对凋亡细胞死亡参数的影响。对免疫球蛋白G的过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性进行了测定,证实这些活性属于抗体。体外实验首次证实,经24次培养后,精神分裂症缓解期患者的抗体酶可显著降低SH-SY5Y人神经母细胞瘤细胞系的凋亡水平。
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引用次数: 0
Personalized rehabilitation of patients with psychostimulant addiction, taking into account the polymorphism of genes controlling the serotonin system and neuroplastic brain processes 精神兴奋剂成瘾患者的个性化康复,考虑到控制血清素系统和神经可塑性脑过程的基因多态性
K. N. Poplevchenkov, T. Agibalova, M. Zastrozhin, O. Buzik
The relevance of this study is due to the annual increase in patients with psychostimulant addiction and the lack of evidence-based methods of their rehabilitation within the framework of a personalized approach that takes into account the state of pathogenetic biomarkers of the disease. The aim of the study is to develop a personalized approach to the rehabilitation of patients with psychostimulant addiction, taking into account the polymorphism of genes controlling the work of the serotonin system and neuroplastic processes of the brain. As a result of the study of 325 patients with psychostimulant addiction, polymorphic variants of genes controlling the work of the serotonin system (SLC6A4, HTR2A, HTR2C) and neuroplastic brain processes (BDNF), affecting the formation of dependence and the effectiveness of therapy, were identified. It has been established that polymorphisms in these genes are associated with the effectiveness of motivational work for the rehabilitation program of patients with psychostimulant addiction and the duration of remissions. Based on the results obtained, personalized profiles of patients with psychostimulant addiction, taking into account certain clinical and genetic biomarkers and features of the response of patients to motivational psychotherapy aimed at rehabilitation and the formation of long-term remission, were identified.
这项研究的相关性是由于精神兴奋剂成瘾患者每年都在增加,并且缺乏在个性化方法框架内的基于证据的康复方法,该方法考虑了疾病的病理生物标志物状态。该研究的目的是开发一种个性化的方法来治疗精神兴奋剂成瘾患者,同时考虑到控制血清素系统和大脑神经可塑性过程工作的基因多态性。通过对325例精神兴奋剂成瘾患者的研究,发现了控制血清素系统(SLC6A4, HTR2A, HTR2C)和神经可塑性脑过程(BDNF)工作的基因多态性变异,影响依赖性的形成和治疗效果。已经确定,这些基因的多态性与精神兴奋剂成瘾患者康复计划的动机工作的有效性和缓解的持续时间有关。基于所获得的结果,考虑到某些临床和遗传生物标志物以及患者对旨在康复和形成长期缓解的动机性心理治疗的反应特征,确定了精神兴奋剂成瘾患者的个性化概况。
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引用次数: 0
Psychopathological aspects of compulsive sexual behavior in males 男性强迫性性行为的精神病理方面
I. Kan, M. Yagubov
The article is devoted to the study of the clinical picture of compulsive sexual disorders in men as a manifestation of various mental disorders. The authors compare and analyze psychopathological features in patients with compulsive behavioral disorders in the form of compulsive masturbation within four different clinical groups. Concurrently, the presence and clinical and psychopathological features of such a phenomenon as a compulsive sexual disorder are considered not only as an important diagnostic criterion for the qualification of mental disorder, but also for the development of adequate therapeutic measures. The article proposes a program of effective therapy and rehabilitation for these disorders.
这篇文章致力于研究男性强迫性性障碍的临床表现,作为各种精神障碍的表现。作者比较和分析了四个不同临床组中强迫性手淫形式的强迫性行为障碍患者的精神病理特征。同时,强迫性性障碍这种现象的存在及其临床和精神病理学特征不仅被认为是精神障碍资格的重要诊断标准,而且也被认为是制定适当治疗措施的重要标准。本文提出了一种有效的治疗和康复方案。
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引用次数: 0
Correlations between biochemical and clinical parameters in patients at risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders 精神分裂症谱系障碍风险患者的生化和临床参数的相关性
O. Savushkina, I. Boksha, M. Omelchenko, E. Tereshkina, T. Prokhorova, E. Vorobyeva, G. Burbaeva
Integrated clinical and biological approach to the early detection of attenuated psychotic symptoms within the frames of affective disorders makes it possible to detect the initial stage of the psychosis development and begin timely therapeutic intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of glutamate, glutathione, and energy metabolism enzymes in the blood of patients who are at risk for the development of schizophrenia and to search for clinical and biological correlations. Clinical, psychometric (SOPS and HDRS-21), and biochemical examinations were made in 60 young men aged 16–25 years belonging to the risk group for the development of schizophrenia and in 21 young men from the comparison group without signs of risk of schizophrenia. The control group consisted of 25 healthy young men aged 19–25 years. The activities of cytochrome c oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase were determined in platelets and erythrocytes. Decreased activities of platelet glutamate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase were observed in all groups of examined patients compared with the control group. In erythrocytes, changed activities of glutathione reductase were observed only in the group of patients without attenuated psychotic symptoms, and glutathione-S-transferase — in the group of patients with attenuated symptoms. The revealed correlations between biochemical and clinical parameters differed in the examined groups of patients. The obtained results reflect the features of the pathogenic mechanisms in the schizophrenia risk group in terms of the activity levels of blood enzymes involved in glutamate, energy, and glutathione metabolism.
综合临床和生物学方法,在情感性障碍框架内早期发现减轻的精神病症状,使发现精神病发展的初始阶段并开始及时的治疗干预成为可能。该研究的目的是评估有精神分裂症发展风险的患者血液中谷氨酸、谷胱甘肽和能量代谢酶的活性,并寻找临床和生物学相关性。对60名属于精神分裂症发展危险组的16-25岁青年男性和21名没有精神分裂症危险迹象的对照组青年男性进行临床、心理测量(SOPS和HDRS-21)和生化检查。对照组由25名19-25岁的健康青年男性组成。测定血小板和红细胞中细胞色素c氧化酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽s转移酶的活性。与对照组相比,各组患者血小板谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶活性均下降。在红细胞中,仅在精神病症状未减轻的患者组中观察到谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的变化,在症状减轻的患者组中观察到谷胱甘肽s -转移酶活性的变化。所揭示的生化和临床参数之间的相关性在检查的患者组中有所不同。本研究结果从谷氨酸、能量和谷胱甘肽代谢相关的血酶活性水平方面反映了精神分裂症危险组发病机制的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Features of gender identity disorders in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in comparison with transsexualism 精神分裂症谱系障碍与变性欲症的性别认同障碍特征比较
E. A. Starostina
The original study presents the results of a comparative analysis of the clinical, psychopathological, and psychosexual characteristics of gender identity disorders in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and transsexualism. The sample consisted of 120 people with complaints about the inconsistency between gender self-perception and the biological sex, divided into 2 groups: with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and transsexualism. It was found that in the patients with transsexualism, compared to those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the age of gender incongruence awareness fell on an earlier age period, and they more often had elements of trans-role behavior in childhood. The respondents with transsexualism more often had experience of living in an associated gender and less often made attempts to adapt in accordance with the gender assigned at birth. The psychosexual development of the patients with transsexualism was generally normative, while the patients with schizophrenia often showed delays in the platonic-erotic stage of libido. It was concluded that in the differential diagnosis of transsexualism and gender identity disorders in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, attention should be paid to such parameters as the presence of signs of gender identity disorders in childhood, age of gender incongruence awareness, experience of life in the associated gender, the presence of dysmorphophobic symptoms not related to sexual characteristics, and the results of a psychological examination of gender identity.
最初的研究提出了对精神分裂症谱系障碍和变性欲症中性别认同障碍的临床、精神病理和性心理特征的比较分析结果。样本包括120名抱怨性别自我认知与生理性别不一致的人,分为两组:精神分裂症谱系障碍组和易性癖组。研究发现,与精神分裂症谱系障碍患者相比,易性癖患者的性别不一致意识年龄下降得更早,且易性癖患者在儿童期更容易出现跨角色行为。易性癖的受访者通常都有过与自己性别相关联的生活经历,而很少尝试去适应自己出生时的性别。变性欲症患者的性心理发展总体上是规范的,而精神分裂症患者的性欲往往表现为柏拉图-情色阶段的延迟。因此,在对精神分裂症谱系障碍中的变性欲症和性别认同障碍进行鉴别诊断时,应注意以下参数:儿童时期是否存在性别认同障碍的迹象、性别不一致意识的年龄、相关性别的生活经历、是否存在与性特征无关的畸形恐惧症症状,以及性别认同的心理检查结果。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of psychogenic factors on the dynamics of suicidal behavior in patients of a psychiatric hospital who have committed suicide or a suicidal attempt 心理因素对精神病院自杀或企图自杀患者自杀行为动态的影响
S. Vaulin, M. V. Alekseeva, T. V. Morenets
The article presents an attempt to assess the impact of individual psychotraumatic events in the life of patients of a psychiatric hospital, including the strength of the psychotraumatic effect, subjective significance, duration, and impact of its resolution on the severity of suicidal risk (under the control of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and the Montgomery — Åsberg Depression Rating Scale). The ideas of psychiatrists about suicidal risks have been studied. The data obtained can be used to assess suicidal risk during treatment in a psychiatric hospital and in the early stages after discharge.
本文试图评估个体心理创伤事件对精神病院患者生活的影响,包括心理创伤效应的强度、主观意义、持续时间以及其解决对自杀风险严重程度的影响(在Beck自杀意念量表和Montgomery - Åsberg抑郁评定量表的控制下)。精神科医生关于自杀风险的观点已经被研究过。获得的数据可用于评估在精神病院治疗期间和出院后早期阶段的自杀风险。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical and psychopathological concept of the combined course of recurrent depressive and panic disorders 复发性抑郁和惊恐障碍合并病程的临床和精神病理概念
I. A. Pastukh, B. Tsygankov
A comprehensive clinical and psychopathological concept of the combined course of recurrent depressive and panic disorders, based on the patterns of their relationship, is presented in the article.
一个综合的临床和精神病理概念的合并过程复发性抑郁和惊恐障碍,基于他们的关系模式,在文章中提出。
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引用次数: 0
Stress and nutrition (Literature review) 应激与营养(文献综述)
V. A. Dudareva, M. Maksimov, I. G. Dyadikova, Ya.A. Korbanov, P. A. Ivashchenko, L.V. Chizhik
The article presents modern reviews, meta-analyses, and studies on the issues of nutritional stress correction and the contribution of some nutritional factors to its development. The role of a diet low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, the Mediterranean diet, supplementation of folic acid and other B vitamins, as well as the role of a healthy diet model in the prevention of stress and its consequences are considered.
本文介绍了营养应激纠正的现代综述、荟萃分析和研究,以及一些营养因素对其发展的贡献。考虑了低饱和脂肪酸和高多不饱和脂肪酸饮食、地中海饮食、补充叶酸和其他B族维生素的作用,以及健康饮食模式在预防压力及其后果方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)
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