Tarik Ainane, F. Abdoul-Latif, Zineb El Montassir, Wissal Attahar, A. Ainane, A. Giuffré
Ziziphorahispanica L. and Menthapulegium L. are aromatic shrubs known to produce essential oils demanded by food industries. This study reports on the insecticidal activity of these two oils harvested in Khenifra (Morocco) and of its major compound (Pulegone) against the main legume bruchids. Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 33 compounds in the essential oil of Ziziphorahispanica (EOZH) and 24 compounds in the essential oil of Menthapulegium (EOMP), with pulegone being the most dominant in both with percentages respectively of 79.1% and 63.8%. According to the insecticidal activities exerted, the two essential oils, as well as the pulegone, showed significant results against all the bruchids tested of legumes. Pulegone has shown good insecticidal activity, thus the lethal doses of 50% are between 61.6mg/g and 74.4mg/g, which explains the remarkable activity of the two essential oils which are rich in this molecule. moreover, the addition of essential oils in the storage of legumes does not have a significant effect on the legumes and does not diminish their nutritional qualities. This study indicates that essential oils and their main constituent have the potential to be developed into botanical insecticides.
{"title":"Essential oils rich in pulegone for insecticide purpose against legume bruchus species: Case of Ziziphora hispanica L. and Mentha pulegium L.","authors":"Tarik Ainane, F. Abdoul-Latif, Zineb El Montassir, Wissal Attahar, A. Ainane, A. Giuffré","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2023005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2023005","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p><italic>Ziziphora</italic> <italic>hispanica</italic> L. and <italic>Mentha</italic> <italic>pulegium</italic> L. are aromatic shrubs known to produce essential oils demanded by food industries. This study reports on the insecticidal activity of these two oils harvested in Khenifra (Morocco) and of its major compound (Pulegone) against the main legume bruchids. Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 33 compounds in the essential oil of <italic>Ziziphora</italic> <italic>hispanica</italic> (EOZH) and 24 compounds in the essential oil of <italic>Mentha</italic> <italic>pulegium</italic> (EOMP), with pulegone being the most dominant in both with percentages respectively of 79.1% and 63.8%. According to the insecticidal activities exerted, the two essential oils, as well as the pulegone, showed significant results against all the bruchids tested of legumes. Pulegone has shown good insecticidal activity, thus the lethal doses of 50% are between 61.6mg/g and 74.4mg/g, which explains the remarkable activity of the two essential oils which are rich in this molecule. moreover, the addition of essential oils in the storage of legumes does not have a significant effect on the legumes and does not diminish their nutritional qualities. This study indicates that essential oils and their main constituent have the potential to be developed into botanical insecticides.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Jaradat, Batool Khataybeh, Abdull Majid Al Ghzawi, Qutaiba Ababneh, Anas Al Nabusli
The objectives of this study were to assess the microbial quality of honey, evaluate the effect of microwaves on microbial survival, and assess the antibacterial activity of honey. Bacteria, yeast and mold were evaluated in samples before and after microwave treatment. Dominant bacterial contaminants were also identified. The antibacterial activity of honey was assessed against nine pathogens using an agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for four honey samples that exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. In addition, one sample of Manuka honey was tested to compare its microbial load as well as its antibacterial activity to local honey samples. Sequencing using 16S rRNA gene was used for the identification of dominant bacteria. The average standard plate count, yeasts and molds were 286.5,161.0 and 25.5 CFU/g, respectively. Microwave treatment decreased microbial populations gradually with increasing power levels and exposure times. The present study indicated that raw honey had a significant antibacterial activity which decreased following microwave treatment. The identity of 125 isolates was confirmed with Bacillus being most frequently isolated.
{"title":"Molecular identification of major bacteria in honey and the effect of microwave treatment on its microbial quality and antibacterial activity","authors":"Z. Jaradat, Batool Khataybeh, Abdull Majid Al Ghzawi, Qutaiba Ababneh, Anas Al Nabusli","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022037","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to assess the microbial quality of honey, evaluate the effect of microwaves on microbial survival, and assess the antibacterial activity of honey. Bacteria, yeast and mold were evaluated in samples before and after microwave treatment. Dominant bacterial contaminants were also identified. The antibacterial activity of honey was assessed against nine pathogens using an agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for four honey samples that exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. In addition, one sample of Manuka honey was tested to compare its microbial load as well as its antibacterial activity to local honey samples. Sequencing using 16S rRNA gene was used for the identification of dominant bacteria. The average standard plate count, yeasts and molds were 286.5,161.0 and 25.5 CFU/g, respectively. Microwave treatment decreased microbial populations gradually with increasing power levels and exposure times. The present study indicated that raw honey had a significant antibacterial activity which decreased following microwave treatment. The identity of 125 isolates was confirmed with Bacillus being most frequently isolated.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ebrahimi, Alireza Emadi, Majid Arabameri, Ahmad Jayedi, A. Abdolshahi, B. S. Yancheshmeh, N. Shariatifar
Aflatoxins are secondary carcinogenic fungal metabolites derived from the toxic various Aspergillus species. These fungi can easily infect nuts and grains. A global systematic review was done to extract data on the concentration of aflatoxins in different nuts. Besides, risk assessment was conducted on data. The scientific databases were searched systematically from 2000 to 2020. Based on the results, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) had the most frequency in nut samples. The mean concentration of aflatoxin total (AFT) and AFB1 in nuts were as follows: peanut (37.85, 32.82 μg/kg), pistachio (31.42, 39.44 μg/kg), almond (3.54, 3.93 μg/kg), walnut (42.27, 22.23 μg/kg), hazelnut (17.33, 10.54 μg/kg), Brazil nut (4.61, 3.35 μg/kg), and other nuts (26.22, 7.38 μg/kg). According to country the margin of exposure (MOE) value for adult was as Argentina (21) > Congo (67) > India (117) > Bangladesh (175) > Cameroon (238) > Iran (357) > Bahrain (438) > Brazil (447) > Ghana (606) > South Africa (1017) > Egypt (1176) > USA (1505) > China (1526) > Cyprus (1588). The MOE of the consumers in some countries was considerably below the safety margin of 10,000. To conclude, nuts are highly consumed by different consumers, so it is necessary to emphasize strict control measures to prevent contamination of these foods with aflatoxins.
{"title":"The prevalence of aflatoxins in different nut samples: A global systematic review and probabilistic risk assessment","authors":"A. Ebrahimi, Alireza Emadi, Majid Arabameri, Ahmad Jayedi, A. Abdolshahi, B. S. Yancheshmeh, N. Shariatifar","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022009","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are secondary carcinogenic fungal metabolites derived from the toxic various Aspergillus species. These fungi can easily infect nuts and grains. A global systematic review was done to extract data on the concentration of aflatoxins in different nuts. Besides, risk assessment was conducted on data. The scientific databases were searched systematically from 2000 to 2020. Based on the results, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) had the most frequency in nut samples. The mean concentration of aflatoxin total (AFT) and AFB1 in nuts were as follows: peanut (37.85, 32.82 μg/kg), pistachio (31.42, 39.44 μg/kg), almond (3.54, 3.93 μg/kg), walnut (42.27, 22.23 μg/kg), hazelnut (17.33, 10.54 μg/kg), Brazil nut (4.61, 3.35 μg/kg), and other nuts (26.22, 7.38 μg/kg). According to country the margin of exposure (MOE) value for adult was as Argentina (21) > Congo (67) > India (117) > Bangladesh (175) > Cameroon (238) > Iran (357) > Bahrain (438) > Brazil (447) > Ghana (606) > South Africa (1017) > Egypt (1176) > USA (1505) > China (1526) > Cyprus (1588). The MOE of the consumers in some countries was considerably below the safety margin of 10,000. To conclude, nuts are highly consumed by different consumers, so it is necessary to emphasize strict control measures to prevent contamination of these foods with aflatoxins.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurafi Razna Suhaima, N. E. Suyatma, D. Hunaefi, A. Jayanegara
Edible films (EF) are continuously developed as food packaging alternatives due to their biodegradable properties. EF can be made from polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and composite components. The use of raw materials certainly affects the properties of EF. Some studies reported that mammalian gelatin films were significantly different from fish gelatin films. However, there have been different results among individual studies. Therefore, the present study would like to obtain a valid conclusion across different studies using a meta-analysis approach. Study selection was performed with the PRISMA guideline. There were six relevant studies and 28 data used for meta-analysis. The statistical analysis was calculated by using Hedges*d. The results show that fish gelatin films had significantly lower (p < 0.05) tensile strength, elastic modulus, water vapor permeability, and transparency compared to mammalian gelatin films. Besides, there were two additional factors that are also discussed such as different film fabrication methods and gelatin concentration. Those seasonal factors were conducted by using subgroup analysis and meta-regression, respectively. The results described that the film production method, i.e., casting and compression molding significantly effect (p < 0.05) the tensile strength and elongation at break. Slightly different from the method, gelatin concentration was significantly affected (p < 0.05) the tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability.
{"title":"Comparison of fish and mammalian gelatin film properties: A meta-analysis","authors":"Nurafi Razna Suhaima, N. E. Suyatma, D. Hunaefi, A. Jayanegara","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022029","url":null,"abstract":"Edible films (EF) are continuously developed as food packaging alternatives due to their biodegradable properties. EF can be made from polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and composite components. The use of raw materials certainly affects the properties of EF. Some studies reported that mammalian gelatin films were significantly different from fish gelatin films. However, there have been different results among individual studies. Therefore, the present study would like to obtain a valid conclusion across different studies using a meta-analysis approach. Study selection was performed with the PRISMA guideline. There were six relevant studies and 28 data used for meta-analysis. The statistical analysis was calculated by using Hedges*d. The results show that fish gelatin films had significantly lower (p < 0.05) tensile strength, elastic modulus, water vapor permeability, and transparency compared to mammalian gelatin films. Besides, there were two additional factors that are also discussed such as different film fabrication methods and gelatin concentration. Those seasonal factors were conducted by using subgroup analysis and meta-regression, respectively. The results described that the film production method, i.e., casting and compression molding significantly effect (p < 0.05) the tensile strength and elongation at break. Slightly different from the method, gelatin concentration was significantly affected (p < 0.05) the tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Anshori, B. S. Purwoko, I. Dewi, W. Suwarno, S. W. Ardie
The development of tolerant rice varieties using doubled-haploid technology is necessary to speed up the release of a variety tolerant to salinity stress. However, this requires a reliable screening method and selection index model for enhancing selection effectiveness. One approach is through the development of a selection index based on factor analysis under soil salinity screening in the greenhouse. The objective of this study was to develop a selection index model based on factor analysis and select tolerant doubled-haploid lines under high salinity conditions. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with salinity stress treatments as the main plot, i.e., normal (0 mM NaCl) and saline (25 mM NaCl ~ 5.6–5.8 dS/m) and 42 genotypes as the subplot. The genotypes consisted of 36 doubled-haploid lines, four commercial varieties, and two check varieties. The results indicated that a salinity selection index model involving yield and productive tiller traits could be used for selecting rice genotypes tolerant to salinity stress in soil artificial screening. This index which was developed through a combination of factor analysis, stress tolerance index (STI), and path analyses have identified 15 doubled haploid rice lines which were considered as good tolerant lines under salinity stress in soil artificial screening.
利用双单倍体技术培育耐盐水稻品种是加快耐盐品种释放的必要条件。但这需要可靠的筛选方法和筛选指标模型来提高筛选效果。一种方法是在温室土壤盐分筛选的基础上，通过因子分析制定选择指数。本研究的目的是建立一个基于因子分析的选择指数模型，筛选高盐条件下的耐受性双单倍体品系。试验设计采用裂图设计，以盐胁迫处理为主图，即正常(0 mM NaCl)和盐胁迫处理(25 mM NaCl ~ 5.6 ~ 5.8 dS/m)， 42个基因型为亚图。基因型包括36个双单倍体系、4个商品品种和2个检验品种。结果表明，在土壤人工筛选中，可采用包含产量性状和分蘖性状的盐胁迫选择指数模型进行耐盐水稻基因型筛选。通过因子分析、逆境耐受性指数(STI)和通径分析相结合的方法，在土壤人工筛选中鉴定出15个双单倍体水稻耐盐性优良品系。
{"title":"Salinity tolerance selection of doubled-haploid rice lines based on selection index and factor analysis","authors":"M. Anshori, B. S. Purwoko, I. Dewi, W. Suwarno, S. W. Ardie","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022032","url":null,"abstract":"The development of tolerant rice varieties using doubled-haploid technology is necessary to speed up the release of a variety tolerant to salinity stress. However, this requires a reliable screening method and selection index model for enhancing selection effectiveness. One approach is through the development of a selection index based on factor analysis under soil salinity screening in the greenhouse. The objective of this study was to develop a selection index model based on factor analysis and select tolerant doubled-haploid lines under high salinity conditions. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with salinity stress treatments as the main plot, i.e., normal (0 mM NaCl) and saline (25 mM NaCl ~ 5.6–5.8 dS/m) and 42 genotypes as the subplot. The genotypes consisted of 36 doubled-haploid lines, four commercial varieties, and two check varieties. The results indicated that a salinity selection index model involving yield and productive tiller traits could be used for selecting rice genotypes tolerant to salinity stress in soil artificial screening. This index which was developed through a combination of factor analysis, stress tolerance index (STI), and path analyses have identified 15 doubled haploid rice lines which were considered as good tolerant lines under salinity stress in soil artificial screening.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Amagwula, C. Osuji, G. Omeire, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi, C. Okpala
The preparation of moi-moi either from cowpea flour (processed by dry-milling) or paste (processed by wet-milling) has evolved from the indigenous processing methods. Feasibly, freezing should enhance the characteristics of the cowpea grain, and when combined with conventional processing, help to improve emergent products. In this current work, therefore, the combined impact of freezing with soaking times on different cowpea varieties' flour functionality and resultant gel strength, sensory and product yield of moi-moi were studied. Analysis of flour functionality involved the determinations of moisture content, bulk density, oil absorption capacity, swelling index and water absorption capacity, whereas those of moi-moi products involved gel strength, sensory and (product) yield. Across the cowpea flour samples, the functional attributes significantly differed (p < 0.05). Moi-moi products' gel strength of dry-milled appeared higher than wet-milled by specific variety and soaking times. Moi-moi products' sensory attributes of taste, color, texture and general acceptability resembled (p > 0.05), except for the aroma (p < 0.05). Moi-moi products' yield varied widely (p < 0.05) by different reconstituted water volumes. Overall, combining freezing with conventional processing that involved reconstituted water volumes of cowpea promises an enhanced moi-moi yield.
{"title":"Combined impact of freezing and soaking times on different cowpea varieties' flour functionality and resultant gel strength, sensory and product yield of moi-moi","authors":"I. Amagwula, C. Osuji, G. Omeire, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi, C. Okpala","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022047","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of moi-moi either from cowpea flour (processed by dry-milling) or paste (processed by wet-milling) has evolved from the indigenous processing methods. Feasibly, freezing should enhance the characteristics of the cowpea grain, and when combined with conventional processing, help to improve emergent products. In this current work, therefore, the combined impact of freezing with soaking times on different cowpea varieties' flour functionality and resultant gel strength, sensory and product yield of moi-moi were studied. Analysis of flour functionality involved the determinations of moisture content, bulk density, oil absorption capacity, swelling index and water absorption capacity, whereas those of moi-moi products involved gel strength, sensory and (product) yield. Across the cowpea flour samples, the functional attributes significantly differed (p < 0.05). Moi-moi products' gel strength of dry-milled appeared higher than wet-milled by specific variety and soaking times. Moi-moi products' sensory attributes of taste, color, texture and general acceptability resembled (p > 0.05), except for the aroma (p < 0.05). Moi-moi products' yield varied widely (p < 0.05) by different reconstituted water volumes. Overall, combining freezing with conventional processing that involved reconstituted water volumes of cowpea promises an enhanced moi-moi yield.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70182923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Zakaria, P. Vit, Adi Wijaya, A. H. Ahmad, Zahiruddin Othman, B. Mezzetti
Avocado's global acceptance has grown, resulting in expanding cultivation, agricultural development, and significant marketing efforts. Publicizing avocado also targets its by-products' nutritional and functional benefits. This is the first bibliometric analysis for avocado. It aims to provide a descriptive structure to identify collaborative patterns and emerging themes in avocado research. Based on the search string used in the article title, the study retrieved 2576 documents from the Scopus database for further analysis. For comparison, we separated the data into two study periods: 1916–2011 and 2012–2021. BibliometriX and VOSviewer software were used to examine the descriptive structure and collaborative patterns, as well as to create maps based on network data. When we compared the two study periods, we identified a changing pattern in descriptive structure, collaboration and research trends. Based on the identified emergent themes of the last decade, we propose that future research focuses on the functional and medicinal properties of avocado, postharvest management and its biological control, plant cultivars and diseases, and physicochemical properties of avocado and its by-products. Further bibliographic support revealed that, in addition to the fruit pulp, non-edible parts of Persea americana (bark, leaves, peel, seeds, and stem), and oil have remarkable concentrations of bioactive compounds with potential biological activity for health benefits.
{"title":"A bibliometric review of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae): A green gold in agroindustry","authors":"R. Zakaria, P. Vit, Adi Wijaya, A. H. Ahmad, Zahiruddin Othman, B. Mezzetti","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022051","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado's global acceptance has grown, resulting in expanding cultivation, agricultural development, and significant marketing efforts. Publicizing avocado also targets its by-products' nutritional and functional benefits. This is the first bibliometric analysis for avocado. It aims to provide a descriptive structure to identify collaborative patterns and emerging themes in avocado research. Based on the search string used in the article title, the study retrieved 2576 documents from the Scopus database for further analysis. For comparison, we separated the data into two study periods: 1916–2011 and 2012–2021. BibliometriX and VOSviewer software were used to examine the descriptive structure and collaborative patterns, as well as to create maps based on network data. When we compared the two study periods, we identified a changing pattern in descriptive structure, collaboration and research trends. Based on the identified emergent themes of the last decade, we propose that future research focuses on the functional and medicinal properties of avocado, postharvest management and its biological control, plant cultivars and diseases, and physicochemical properties of avocado and its by-products. Further bibliographic support revealed that, in addition to the fruit pulp, non-edible parts of Persea americana (bark, leaves, peel, seeds, and stem), and oil have remarkable concentrations of bioactive compounds with potential biological activity for health benefits.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helena Hanusová, Karolína Juřenová, Erika Hurajová, M. Vaverková, J. Winkler
Loss of biological diversity is one of the greatest challenges that our civilization must face nowadays. Reaction to the diminishing biodiversity of agricultural landscapes is various measures promoting free-living organisms. The study deals with the vegetation composition and structure of agro-environmental-climatic measures applied on arable land in operating conditions (intensively farmed regions of the Czech Republic). Additional study focus was applied to a popular measure of the feeding bio-belts. Bio-belts are not only hiding places for free-living animals but can provide them a rich food offer in the period from the harvest of main crops until winter. Thanks to the bio-belts, the landscape gains in biodiversity, and sloping sites can be protected from soil erosion. The vegetation of land parts used as bio-belts was assessed using phytocoenological relevés. Dominant plant species sown in the bio-belts were Avena sativa, Panicum miliaceum, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Fagopyrum esculentum, Phacelia tanacetifolia, and Pisum arvense. Apart from the sown plants, there were also weeds occurring in the bio-belts, of which the most abundant were Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria verticillata, Cirsium arvense, Equisetum arvense, etc. Risks connected with the realization of feeding bio-belts in respect of weeds occurring on arable land are negligible. Weeds from bio-belts have only a limited potential to spread to adjacent arable land. A potential spreading of weeds from the bio-belts to adjacent arable land was not demonstrated. On the contrary, thanks to its composition, the vegetation of bio-belts has the potential to extend the food offer for animals. Thus, bio-belts are useful for supporting biodiversity in regions intensively used for agriculture.
{"title":"Vegetation structure of bio-belts as agro-environmentally-climatic measures to support biodiversity on arable land: A case study","authors":"Helena Hanusová, Karolína Juřenová, Erika Hurajová, M. Vaverková, J. Winkler","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022054","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of biological diversity is one of the greatest challenges that our civilization must face nowadays. Reaction to the diminishing biodiversity of agricultural landscapes is various measures promoting free-living organisms. The study deals with the vegetation composition and structure of agro-environmental-climatic measures applied on arable land in operating conditions (intensively farmed regions of the Czech Republic). Additional study focus was applied to a popular measure of the feeding bio-belts. Bio-belts are not only hiding places for free-living animals but can provide them a rich food offer in the period from the harvest of main crops until winter. Thanks to the bio-belts, the landscape gains in biodiversity, and sloping sites can be protected from soil erosion. The vegetation of land parts used as bio-belts was assessed using phytocoenological relevés. Dominant plant species sown in the bio-belts were Avena sativa, Panicum miliaceum, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Fagopyrum esculentum, Phacelia tanacetifolia, and Pisum arvense. Apart from the sown plants, there were also weeds occurring in the bio-belts, of which the most abundant were Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria verticillata, Cirsium arvense, Equisetum arvense, etc. Risks connected with the realization of feeding bio-belts in respect of weeds occurring on arable land are negligible. Weeds from bio-belts have only a limited potential to spread to adjacent arable land. A potential spreading of weeds from the bio-belts to adjacent arable land was not demonstrated. On the contrary, thanks to its composition, the vegetation of bio-belts has the potential to extend the food offer for animals. Thus, bio-belts are useful for supporting biodiversity in regions intensively used for agriculture.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhd Arif Shaffiq Sahrir, N. Yusoff, Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
Weeds are one of the significant problems that impact agriculture production. Farmers have been using synthetic herbicides to control weed infestations in the field. However, the excessive usage of herbicides has led to various environmental concerns, including the emergence of herbicide resistant weeds. Allelopathy is an environment-friendly alternative that can control weeds. Here, we performed a systematic literature review to assess the potential and effects of allelopathy under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. Articles were collected by searching the SCOPUS database and guided by PRISMA. Of 371 studies identified, forty-three articles used allelopathy to control weeds under greenhouse and field conditions, with Poaceae being the prominent family studied as donor plants. Six articles reported up to 80% weed growth suppression when spraying allelopathy extract under greenhouse conditions, while mulch and soil incorporated with donor plants contributed over 50% suppression under field conditions. The findings revealed that 20 studies had conducted metabolite identification to determine the allelochemicals with phytotoxic activity against target plants. However, the mechanism of allelopathy was not thoroughly investigated. In conclusion, we found an increasing trend of allelopathy experiments conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. Furthermore, field trials should be included to validate laboratory data and to provide insight into allelochemical action and its relationship with the environment.
{"title":"Allelopathy activity under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions: A review","authors":"Muhd Arif Shaffiq Sahrir, N. Yusoff, Kamalrul Azlan Azizan","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2023004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2023004","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are one of the significant problems that impact agriculture production. Farmers have been using synthetic herbicides to control weed infestations in the field. However, the excessive usage of herbicides has led to various environmental concerns, including the emergence of herbicide resistant weeds. Allelopathy is an environment-friendly alternative that can control weeds. Here, we performed a systematic literature review to assess the potential and effects of allelopathy under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. Articles were collected by searching the SCOPUS database and guided by PRISMA. Of 371 studies identified, forty-three articles used allelopathy to control weeds under greenhouse and field conditions, with Poaceae being the prominent family studied as donor plants. Six articles reported up to 80% weed growth suppression when spraying allelopathy extract under greenhouse conditions, while mulch and soil incorporated with donor plants contributed over 50% suppression under field conditions. The findings revealed that 20 studies had conducted metabolite identification to determine the allelochemicals with phytotoxic activity against target plants. However, the mechanism of allelopathy was not thoroughly investigated. In conclusion, we found an increasing trend of allelopathy experiments conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. Furthermore, field trials should be included to validate laboratory data and to provide insight into allelochemical action and its relationship with the environment.","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pinc, Rosselyn Gimenes Baisch, Regiane Urcoviche Lastra, C. Silva, E. Jacomassi, O. Alberton
This study aimed to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and the growth parameters of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different rates of phosphorus (P). Treatments comprised a high and low P rate combined or not with inoculation of Rhizophagus clarus (C. Walker & A. Schüßler) or Claroideoglomus etunicatum (C. Walker & A. Schüßler), arranged according to a 2 × 3 factorial design with 8 replications. At 4 months after transplanting, shoot fresh and dry weights increased in both AMF-inoculated treatments under a low P rate. There was an increase in shoot P content with C. etunicatum inoculation under a high P rate. EO yields ranged from 0.04% to 0.12% and increased with R. clarus inoculation. Eighteen compounds were identified in EOs. The major components were geranial (43.96%–54.93%), neral (29.95%–34.66%), geraniol (3.11%–12.85%), and (E)-caryophyllene (2.62%–6.66%). It was concluded that AMF inoculation increased plant growth, improved EO yield, and modified EO composition. It is recommended to inoculate lemon balm with R. clarus under low P rates.
{"title":"Bioprospecting of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) inoculated with mycorrhiza under different rates of phosphorus for sustainable essential oil production","authors":"M. Pinc, Rosselyn Gimenes Baisch, Regiane Urcoviche Lastra, C. Silva, E. Jacomassi, O. Alberton","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2022056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022056","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>This study aimed to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and the growth parameters of <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic> L. (lemon balm) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different rates of phosphorus (P). Treatments comprised a high and low P rate combined or not with inoculation of <italic>Rhizophagus clarus</italic> (C. Walker & A. Schüßler) or <italic>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</italic> (C. Walker & A. Schüßler), arranged according to a 2 × 3 factorial design with 8 replications. At 4 months after transplanting, shoot fresh and dry weights increased in both AMF-inoculated treatments under a low P rate. There was an increase in shoot P content with <italic>C. etunicatum</italic> inoculation under a high P rate. EO yields ranged from 0.04% to 0.12% and increased with <italic>R. clarus</italic> inoculation. Eighteen compounds were identified in EOs. The major components were geranial (43.96%–54.93%), neral (29.95%–34.66%), geraniol (3.11%–12.85%), and (<italic>E</italic>)-caryophyllene (2.62%–6.66%). It was concluded that AMF inoculation increased plant growth, improved EO yield, and modified EO composition. It is recommended to inoculate lemon balm with <italic>R</italic>. <italic>clarus</italic> under low P rates.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":44793,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70183315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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