Andrea Dall'olio, Mariana Iootty, Naoto Kanehira, Federica Saliola
Between 2003 and 2008 productivity patterns diverged between the fast growing, newest members of the European Union and the slower paced, elder ones JEL Classification: D22, H11, O47, O52
{"title":"Enterprise Productivity: A Three-Speed Europe","authors":"Andrea Dall'olio, Mariana Iootty, Naoto Kanehira, Federica Saliola","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2533429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2533429","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2003 and 2008 productivity patterns diverged between the fast growing, newest members of the European Union and the slower paced, elder ones JEL Classification: D22, H11, O47, O52","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116713774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I examine the effect of reducing export tariffs on the productivity of domestic suppliers of exporting firms. Using a panel of Chilean firms during a period of trade liberalization with the European Union, the United States, and the Republic of Korea, I show that the average reduction in the export tariff of downstream industries (1.1 percentage points) increases the productivity of intermediate input suppliers by 1.5 percent. The increase in productivity among domestic suppliers accounts for 22.5 percent of aggregate productivity gains. I find that tariff cuts induce firms to acquire new machinery and pay higher wages to skilled workers. These findings are consistent with a simple model in which lower export tariffs increase the sales of exporting firms and increase the derived demand for intermediates through input-output linkages.
{"title":"Trade Liberalization and Domestic Suppliers: Evidence from Chile","authors":"A. Linarello","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2571301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2571301","url":null,"abstract":"I examine the effect of reducing export tariffs on the productivity of domestic suppliers of exporting firms. Using a panel of Chilean firms during a period of trade liberalization with the European Union, the United States, and the Republic of Korea, I show that the average reduction in the export tariff of downstream industries (1.1 percentage points) increases the productivity of intermediate input suppliers by 1.5 percent. The increase in productivity among domestic suppliers accounts for 22.5 percent of aggregate productivity gains. I find that tariff cuts induce firms to acquire new machinery and pay higher wages to skilled workers. These findings are consistent with a simple model in which lower export tariffs increase the sales of exporting firms and increase the derived demand for intermediates through input-output linkages.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126184559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the effects of cash transfers to the poor on the labor market. This is investigated in a matching model with endogenous labor market participation and job destruction. Depending on their productivity, workers might want to stay in the job, become unemployed, or leave the labor market; in addition, workers out of the labor force might decide to search for a job. Cash transfers are introduced to all agents with income below a given level. Two qualitative results are found: (i) The size of cash transfers has a negative effect on the employment rate, but an ambiguous effect on the unemployment rate; and (ii) the coverage of this welfare program has a positive effect on the employment rate, and an ambiguous effect on the unemployment rate. The numerical simulations also show that: (i) if the government target is to reduce inequality and poverty, the more efficient policy is to increase the level of benefits instead of increasing the eligibility of the program; (ii) compared with a welfare program that condition eligibility to labor market participation, the “unconditional” cash transfer program has a stronger impact on inequality and poverty, but with a reduction in labor market participation and output.
{"title":"Cash Transfers to the Poor and the Labor Market: An Equilibrium Analysis","authors":"Tiago Cavalcanti, M. Corrêa","doi":"10.1111/rode.12116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effects of cash transfers to the poor on the labor market. This is investigated in a matching model with endogenous labor market participation and job destruction. Depending on their productivity, workers might want to stay in the job, become unemployed, or leave the labor market; in addition, workers out of the labor force might decide to search for a job. Cash transfers are introduced to all agents with income below a given level. Two qualitative results are found: (i) The size of cash transfers has a negative effect on the employment rate, but an ambiguous effect on the unemployment rate; and (ii) the coverage of this welfare program has a positive effect on the employment rate, and an ambiguous effect on the unemployment rate. The numerical simulations also show that: (i) if the government target is to reduce inequality and poverty, the more efficient policy is to increase the level of benefits instead of increasing the eligibility of the program; (ii) compared with a welfare program that condition eligibility to labor market participation, the “unconditional” cash transfer program has a stronger impact on inequality and poverty, but with a reduction in labor market participation and output.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133455005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Formal attribution provides a means of recognizing scientific contributions as well as allocating scientific credit. This article examines the processes by which attribution arises and its interaction with market assessments of the relative contributions of members of scientific teams and communities—a topic of interest for the organizational economics of science and in understanding scientific labor markets. We demonstrate that a pioneer or senior scientist’s decision to co-author with a follower or junior scientist depends critically on market attributions as well as the timing of the co-authoring decision. This results in multiple equilibrium outcomes each with different implications for expected quality of research projects. However, we demonstrate that the Pareto efficient organizational regime is for the follower researcher to be granted co-authorship contingent on their own performance without any earlier pre-commitment to formal attribution. We then compare this with the alternative for the pioneer of publishing their contribution and being rewarded through citations. While in some equilibria (especially where co-authoring commitments are possible) there is no advantage to interim publication, in others this can increase expected research quality. (JEL O31; O36)
{"title":"Markets for Scientific Attribution","authors":"J. Gans, Fiona E. Murray","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2519603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2519603","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Formal attribution provides a means of recognizing scientific contributions as well as allocating scientific credit. This article examines the processes by which attribution arises and its interaction with market assessments of the relative contributions of members of scientific teams and communities—a topic of interest for the organizational economics of science and in understanding scientific labor markets. We demonstrate that a pioneer or senior scientist’s decision to co-author with a follower or junior scientist depends critically on market attributions as well as the timing of the co-authoring decision. This results in multiple equilibrium outcomes each with different implications for expected quality of research projects. However, we demonstrate that the Pareto efficient organizational regime is for the follower researcher to be granted co-authorship contingent on their own performance without any earlier pre-commitment to formal attribution. We then compare this with the alternative for the pioneer of publishing their contribution and being rewarded through citations. While in some equilibria (especially where co-authoring commitments are possible) there is no advantage to interim publication, in others this can increase expected research quality. (JEL O31; O36)","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of corporate income between profits and compensation had been stable for decades, but, beginning around 1980, U.S. firms shifted corporate income away from labor and toward capital, decreasing labor’s share. Labor’s declining share of corporate income has contributed both to widening income inequality and slowing the recovery of jobs lost during the past recession.The declining labor share exacerbated income inequality, with total compensation decreasing by roughly 2 percent annually during 1995-99, 4 percent per annum in 2001-07, and 7 percent per year in 2009-12. Rising economic inequality appears to explain about two-thirds of the failure of typical workers’ pay to keep pace with overall economic growth, as measured by productivity. The decline in labor’s share slowed the economic recovery from the last recession by constraining wage-based household consumption. The decline in the corporate investment rate translates to cumulative post-1986 underinvestment of about $4.6 trillion, which is associated with roughly 5.4 million jobs lost through 2012. These lost jobs represent 53 percent of the shortfall of 10.1 million jobs which has persisted from November 2011 through the end of 2013. The post-2005 decline in household investment rates placed increasing reliance on the corporate sector to fund investments. Several intertwined long-term economic processes and trends are associated with widening income inequality and dampening economic recovery. Globalization is associated with rising income inequality. With high-skill jobs no longer immune to replacement by machines and software, job opportunities may be on the cusp of being further diminished by advances in digital technology. Globalization and technological change have contributed to devaluation of the labor force and polarization of job opportunities. Financialization appears to be a major cause of rising income inequality. Declines in union bargaining power increased the vulnerability of domestic workers. Government underinvestment in the underlying productive capacity of the economy contributed in part to below-average GDP growth.The dearth of jobs created during 2000-2012 suggests yet another burgeoning disparity – inequality in job opportunities – between the fortunate few with entree to high-paying and high-skilled positions generated by technological advances and the large marginalized majority vying for low-income, low-skilled jobs in competition with even-lower-paid workers from emerging markets. Labor has been marginalized by the declining labor share; widening inequalities in wages, income, wealth, and job opportunities; declining corporate and government investment rates; the spreading gap between wage growth and productivity gains; below-two-percent average annual growth in real GDP during 2000-13; negative job creation beginning in 2000 and job losses in the past two recessions. The paper contains over 60 charts illustrating many of these observations.
{"title":"Labor's Declining Share of Corporate Income: Impact on Income Inequality and the U.S. Job Recovery","authors":"Serge L. Wind","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2441795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2441795","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of corporate income between profits and compensation had been stable for decades, but, beginning around 1980, U.S. firms shifted corporate income away from labor and toward capital, decreasing labor’s share. Labor’s declining share of corporate income has contributed both to widening income inequality and slowing the recovery of jobs lost during the past recession.The declining labor share exacerbated income inequality, with total compensation decreasing by roughly 2 percent annually during 1995-99, 4 percent per annum in 2001-07, and 7 percent per year in 2009-12. Rising economic inequality appears to explain about two-thirds of the failure of typical workers’ pay to keep pace with overall economic growth, as measured by productivity. The decline in labor’s share slowed the economic recovery from the last recession by constraining wage-based household consumption. The decline in the corporate investment rate translates to cumulative post-1986 underinvestment of about $4.6 trillion, which is associated with roughly 5.4 million jobs lost through 2012. These lost jobs represent 53 percent of the shortfall of 10.1 million jobs which has persisted from November 2011 through the end of 2013. The post-2005 decline in household investment rates placed increasing reliance on the corporate sector to fund investments. Several intertwined long-term economic processes and trends are associated with widening income inequality and dampening economic recovery. Globalization is associated with rising income inequality. With high-skill jobs no longer immune to replacement by machines and software, job opportunities may be on the cusp of being further diminished by advances in digital technology. Globalization and technological change have contributed to devaluation of the labor force and polarization of job opportunities. Financialization appears to be a major cause of rising income inequality. Declines in union bargaining power increased the vulnerability of domestic workers. Government underinvestment in the underlying productive capacity of the economy contributed in part to below-average GDP growth.The dearth of jobs created during 2000-2012 suggests yet another burgeoning disparity – inequality in job opportunities – between the fortunate few with entree to high-paying and high-skilled positions generated by technological advances and the large marginalized majority vying for low-income, low-skilled jobs in competition with even-lower-paid workers from emerging markets. Labor has been marginalized by the declining labor share; widening inequalities in wages, income, wealth, and job opportunities; declining corporate and government investment rates; the spreading gap between wage growth and productivity gains; below-two-percent average annual growth in real GDP during 2000-13; negative job creation beginning in 2000 and job losses in the past two recessions. The paper contains over 60 charts illustrating many of these observations.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115894836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current account imbalances and their sustainability are among the most debated international policy issues. Through the recently designed External Balance Assessment methodology (EBA), the IMF estimates the impact of several countries’ fundamentals and policies on their current account balance, calculates misalignments in their current account position and indicates policy recommendations which, if implemented, should contribute to reducing these imbalances. In this paper, we explore some extensions to the EBA, following two courses. First, we distinguish in current account regressions between countries that are considered safe investment destinations and non-safe economies. Since this distinction is likely to acquire special relevance in periods of global turmoil, we also distinguish between periods of global stress and tranquil times. Second, we embed in EBA regressions variables that drive countries’ external competitiveness. Results show that current account dynamics may be affected by competitiveness factors and differ significantly between safe and non-safe economies, with such differences becoming particularly relevant in turbulent times. These fi ndings suggest that EBA regressions may be overlooking the influence of countries’ safety and competitiveness on external balances. Our alternative misalignment estimations show larger imbalances than those calculated with the EBA for some Asian economies and smaller imbalances for some high-surplus EU countries.
{"title":"Countries’ Safety and Competitiveness, and the Estimation of Current Account Misalignments","authors":"Teresa Sastre, F. Viani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2388590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2388590","url":null,"abstract":"Current account imbalances and their sustainability are among the most debated international policy issues. Through the recently designed External Balance Assessment methodology (EBA), the IMF estimates the impact of several countries’ fundamentals and policies on their current account balance, calculates misalignments in their current account position and indicates policy recommendations which, if implemented, should contribute to reducing these imbalances. In this paper, we explore some extensions to the EBA, following two courses. First, we distinguish in current account regressions between countries that are considered safe investment destinations and non-safe economies. Since this distinction is likely to acquire special relevance in periods of global turmoil, we also distinguish between periods of global stress and tranquil times. Second, we embed in EBA regressions variables that drive countries’ external competitiveness. Results show that current account dynamics may be affected by competitiveness factors and differ significantly between safe and non-safe economies, with such differences becoming particularly relevant in turbulent times. These fi ndings suggest that EBA regressions may be overlooking the influence of countries’ safety and competitiveness on external balances. Our alternative misalignment estimations show larger imbalances than those calculated with the EBA for some Asian economies and smaller imbalances for some high-surplus EU countries.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125419405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daron Acemoglu, David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Brendan M. Price
An increasingly influential "technological-discontinuity" paradigm suggests that IT-induced technological changes are rapidly raising productivity while making workers redundant. This paper explores the evidence for this view among the IT-using U.S. manufacturing industries. There is some limited support for more rapid productivity growth in IT-intensive industries depending on the exact measures, though not since the late 1990s. Most challenging to this paradigm, and our expectations, is that output contracts in IT-intensive industries relative to the rest of manufacturing. Productivity increases, when detectable, result from the even faster declines in employment.
{"title":"Return of the Solow Paradox? It, Productivity, and Employment in U.S. Manufacturing","authors":"Daron Acemoglu, David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Brendan M. Price","doi":"10.1257/AER.104.5.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.104.5.394","url":null,"abstract":"An increasingly influential \"technological-discontinuity\" paradigm suggests that IT-induced technological changes are rapidly raising productivity while making workers redundant. This paper explores the evidence for this view among the IT-using U.S. manufacturing industries. There is some limited support for more rapid productivity growth in IT-intensive industries depending on the exact measures, though not since the late 1990s. Most challenging to this paradigm, and our expectations, is that output contracts in IT-intensive industries relative to the rest of manufacturing. Productivity increases, when detectable, result from the even faster declines in employment.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124321953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An endogenous growth model is developed where each period firms invest in researching and developing new ideas. An idea increases a firm's productivity. By how much depends on the technological propinquity between an idea and the firm's line of business. Ideas can be bought and sold on a market for patents. A firm can sell an idea that is not relevant to its business or buy one if it fails to innovate. The developed model is matched up with stylized facts about the market for patents in the United States. The analysis gauges how efficiency in the patent market affects growth.
{"title":"Buy, Keep or Sell: Economic Growth and the Market for Ideas","authors":"Ufuk Akcigit, M. Celik, Jeremy Greenwood","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2368232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2368232","url":null,"abstract":"An endogenous growth model is developed where each period firms invest in researching and developing new ideas. An idea increases a firm's productivity. By how much depends on the technological propinquity between an idea and the firm's line of business. Ideas can be bought and sold on a market for patents. A firm can sell an idea that is not relevant to its business or buy one if it fails to innovate. The developed model is matched up with stylized facts about the market for patents in the United States. The analysis gauges how efficiency in the patent market affects growth.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"54 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120920302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a workshop paper for the Asia Productivity Organization workshop entitled "Effects of Advances in ICT on Total Factor Productivity: Analyzing Productivity Gains and Future Trends" on 3-6 September 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. This paper answers three questions in the context of Singapore: ICT developments and its application to service and manufacturing sectors; Initiatives and measures taken by the government to promote ICT applications; Status of productivity measurement including TFP.
{"title":"Effects of Advances in ICT on Total Factor Productivity: Analyzing Productivity Gains and Future Trends","authors":"B. Tan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2711158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2711158","url":null,"abstract":"This is a workshop paper for the Asia Productivity Organization workshop entitled \"Effects of Advances in ICT on Total Factor Productivity: Analyzing Productivity Gains and Future Trends\" on 3-6 September 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. This paper answers three questions in the context of Singapore: ICT developments and its application to service and manufacturing sectors; Initiatives and measures taken by the government to promote ICT applications; Status of productivity measurement including TFP.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128912435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-20DOI: 10.5176/2251-2012_QQE13.26
Thanapol Srithanpong
This paper empirically examines the relationship between innovation, R&D (Research and Development), and productivity in Thai manufacturing using cross-sectional data from the 2007 Industrial Census of Thailand. We utilize a simplified structural model (CDM model) that describes the link between innovation output, R&D and productivity for the Thai case. Various estimation techniques are used to compare and provide evidence for empirical results. Our findings generally suggest that government aid and plant characteristics play an important role for a plant to engage in R&D and to be innovative, both in terms of process innovation and product innovation. Exporting plants, plants in the central region, and plants that are categorized as Head Branch type are more likely to engage in R&D and be innovative. The type of industry and specific technological characteristics of plants are shown to influence innovation effort and decisions to undertake R&D. On average, plant size, foreign ownership, exporting and product innovation are important drivers of productivity enhancement in Thai manufacturing.
{"title":"Innovation, R&D and Productivity: Evidence from Thai Manufacturing","authors":"Thanapol Srithanpong","doi":"10.5176/2251-2012_QQE13.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2012_QQE13.26","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically examines the relationship between innovation, R&D (Research and Development), and productivity in Thai manufacturing using cross-sectional data from the 2007 Industrial Census of Thailand. We utilize a simplified structural model (CDM model) that describes the link between innovation output, R&D and productivity for the Thai case. Various estimation techniques are used to compare and provide evidence for empirical results. Our findings generally suggest that government aid and plant characteristics play an important role for a plant to engage in R&D and to be innovative, both in terms of process innovation and product innovation. Exporting plants, plants in the central region, and plants that are categorized as Head Branch type are more likely to engage in R&D and be innovative. The type of industry and specific technological characteristics of plants are shown to influence innovation effort and decisions to undertake R&D. On average, plant size, foreign ownership, exporting and product innovation are important drivers of productivity enhancement in Thai manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":448105,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Productivity (Topic)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116301653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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