Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/185353
El Hassane Kasmi, Youcef Khattach, Abderrahman Makaoui, Abdessadek Essadek, Soukaina Terroufi, I. Mzabri, Kaoutar Aboukhalid, Abdesselam Maatougui, M. Neffa
The Moroccan olive oil industries generate a substantial amount of olive mill wastewater (OMW), causing a significant environmental issue. Consequently, its valorization represents a sustainable agroecological solution to the environmental problems caused by this uncontrolled discharge. In this context, the use of OMW as an organic biofertilizer in agriculture has been suggested as an alternative to restore soil fertility and improve agricultural production. To comprehensively understand its impact, the conducted study focused on the local cultivar Vicia faba L., investigating the consequences of daily applications of OMW at varying doses (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%). In the experimental design, NaCl solutions, mimicking the electrical conductivity of OMW, were used to pinpoint the potential phytotoxic agents within the wastewater. The results revealed that a high dose of OMW had significant effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. Additionally, phytotoxicity depended on both OMW concentration and the growth stage of Vicia faba L., causing growth delays, germination inhibition, as well as the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. These findings underscore the complexity of using OMW in agriculture and highlight the critical importance of precise control over application rates for the success of this approach. While reusing OMW presents a viable and practical solution, a nuanced understanding of its impact on specific crops and a meticulous approach to dosage man - agement are imperative to realize its potential benefits and mitigate any potential risks to crop productivity.
{"title":"Agronomic Impact and Phytotoxicity of Olive Mill Wastewater as a Biofertilizer on Vicia faba L.","authors":"El Hassane Kasmi, Youcef Khattach, Abderrahman Makaoui, Abdessadek Essadek, Soukaina Terroufi, I. Mzabri, Kaoutar Aboukhalid, Abdesselam Maatougui, M. Neffa","doi":"10.12912/27197050/185353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/185353","url":null,"abstract":"The Moroccan olive oil industries generate a substantial amount of olive mill wastewater (OMW), causing a significant environmental issue. Consequently, its valorization represents a sustainable agroecological solution to the environmental problems caused by this uncontrolled discharge. In this context, the use of OMW as an organic biofertilizer in agriculture has been suggested as an alternative to restore soil fertility and improve agricultural production. To comprehensively understand its impact, the conducted study focused on the local cultivar Vicia faba L., investigating the consequences of daily applications of OMW at varying doses (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%). In the experimental design, NaCl solutions, mimicking the electrical conductivity of OMW, were used to pinpoint the potential phytotoxic agents within the wastewater. The results revealed that a high dose of OMW had significant effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. Additionally, phytotoxicity depended on both OMW concentration and the growth stage of Vicia faba L., causing growth delays, germination inhibition, as well as the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. These findings underscore the complexity of using OMW in agriculture and highlight the critical importance of precise control over application rates for the success of this approach. While reusing OMW presents a viable and practical solution, a nuanced understanding of its impact on specific crops and a meticulous approach to dosage man - agement are imperative to realize its potential benefits and mitigate any potential risks to crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/185252
Mohamed Radi, Karim Anzid, A. Meddich, Ali Boularbah, M. Hafidi, Ouahmane Lahcen
Impacts of metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizopheric soils of date palms in urban and peri-urban areas were studied. The objective was to assess the impact of rhizospheric soil contamination. Various chemical species of heavy metals on the AMF spore density associated with date palms were evaluated . A collection of date palm rhizospheric soil samples from eight sites including three boulevards, three gardens and two distinct areas of the Marrakesh palm grove was under study. These samples were used for counting endomycorrhizal fungal spores, for estimating mycorrhization state of root system and for physico-chemical analyses. A five-stage sequential extraction scheme was used to evaluate the fractionation of some heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Pearson’s correlation coefficients between AMF spore’s density and metal species were determined and a multiple linear regression was tested to predict AMF spore density from the chemical species content of soil. A mycorrhizal dependency of date palm was indicated, since a high frequency from 61 to 98% and a middle intensity from 10 to 47% of root colonization by AMF were recorded. The spore density from all sites was found in increasing order of boulevards, garden then palm groves. A significant cor - relation between AMF spore density and some metal species rhizospheric soil content was recorded; negative for sulfide-bound lead ( r = -0.81) and zinc ( r = -0.70) and for exchangeable fraction copper (Cu), ( r = -0.79) whereas it is positive for exchangeable fraction zinc ( r = 0.70). AMF spore density predictions from sulfide-bound Zinc and exchangeable fraction copper exhibited a good fit, with higher R 2 value (0.91, p = 0.002). Since Date palm has a mycotrophic nature, the sustainability of the microbial populations associated with their roots might be ensured by modifying some chemical forms of heavy metals like sulfide-bound zinc and exchangeable fraction copper.
{"title":"The Effect of Heavy Metal Speciation on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Phoenix dactylifera L. Growing in Moroccan Urban and Peri-Urban Environments","authors":"Mohamed Radi, Karim Anzid, A. Meddich, Ali Boularbah, M. Hafidi, Ouahmane Lahcen","doi":"10.12912/27197050/185252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/185252","url":null,"abstract":"Impacts of metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizopheric soils of date palms in urban and peri-urban areas were studied. The objective was to assess the impact of rhizospheric soil contamination. Various chemical species of heavy metals on the AMF spore density associated with date palms were evaluated . A collection of date palm rhizospheric soil samples from eight sites including three boulevards, three gardens and two distinct areas of the Marrakesh palm grove was under study. These samples were used for counting endomycorrhizal fungal spores, for estimating mycorrhization state of root system and for physico-chemical analyses. A five-stage sequential extraction scheme was used to evaluate the fractionation of some heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Pearson’s correlation coefficients between AMF spore’s density and metal species were determined and a multiple linear regression was tested to predict AMF spore density from the chemical species content of soil. A mycorrhizal dependency of date palm was indicated, since a high frequency from 61 to 98% and a middle intensity from 10 to 47% of root colonization by AMF were recorded. The spore density from all sites was found in increasing order of boulevards, garden then palm groves. A significant cor - relation between AMF spore density and some metal species rhizospheric soil content was recorded; negative for sulfide-bound lead ( r = -0.81) and zinc ( r = -0.70) and for exchangeable fraction copper (Cu), ( r = -0.79) whereas it is positive for exchangeable fraction zinc ( r = 0.70). AMF spore density predictions from sulfide-bound Zinc and exchangeable fraction copper exhibited a good fit, with higher R 2 value (0.91, p = 0.002). Since Date palm has a mycotrophic nature, the sustainability of the microbial populations associated with their roots might be ensured by modifying some chemical forms of heavy metals like sulfide-bound zinc and exchangeable fraction copper.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141038538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/185312
H. A. Al-Zubaidi, A. Naje, Z. Al-Ridah, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, K. Sopian
Accurate determination of reaeration coefficient in lakes is a key factor for accurate modeling of dissolved oxy - gen. This study developed a new numerical model to determine the lake reaeration coefficient of Sawa lake, Iraq based on solving the transform mechanisms of dissolved oxygen without the using the empirical and laboratory methods. The model solved the gas transport at the water-air surface numerically to predict the dissolved oxygen and the reaeration coefficient simultaneously. Results showed that the lake reaeration coefficient was 0.001 day -1 at 20 °C with low root mean squared errors (0.138, 0.137, and 0.168 mg/L for the three years of simulation 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively) and absolute mean errors (0.121, 0.114, and 0.145 mg/L in 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively). It was noticed that the lake habitat was impacted causing unhealthy conditions (low reaeration rate), and there was upward dissolved oxygen movement due to the presence of positive trend in the yearly cycle of temperature. In addition, including this numerical approach along with other water quality models can improve the predictions of other water quality parameters.
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Reaeration Coefficient for Lakes: A Case Study of Sawa Lake, Iraq","authors":"H. A. Al-Zubaidi, A. Naje, Z. Al-Ridah, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, K. Sopian","doi":"10.12912/27197050/185312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/185312","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate determination of reaeration coefficient in lakes is a key factor for accurate modeling of dissolved oxy - gen. This study developed a new numerical model to determine the lake reaeration coefficient of Sawa lake, Iraq based on solving the transform mechanisms of dissolved oxygen without the using the empirical and laboratory methods. The model solved the gas transport at the water-air surface numerically to predict the dissolved oxygen and the reaeration coefficient simultaneously. Results showed that the lake reaeration coefficient was 0.001 day -1 at 20 °C with low root mean squared errors (0.138, 0.137, and 0.168 mg/L for the three years of simulation 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively) and absolute mean errors (0.121, 0.114, and 0.145 mg/L in 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively). It was noticed that the lake habitat was impacted causing unhealthy conditions (low reaeration rate), and there was upward dissolved oxygen movement due to the presence of positive trend in the yearly cycle of temperature. In addition, including this numerical approach along with other water quality models can improve the predictions of other water quality parameters.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/182287
Ayoub Doughmi, Ghizlane Elkafz, E. Cherkaoui, M. Khamar, Abderrahman Nounah, A. Zouahri
The environmental menace presented by olive pomace, a solid residue generated in the course of olive oil production, has been firmly established. Numerous investigations have underscored the efficacy of olive pomace as a soil enhancement. As a result, our examination centres on amplifying its agricultural advantages by means of com - posting and amalgamating it with other refuse materials. This strategy is designed to alleviate the environmental repercussions of olive pomace and trim down restoration expenses, thereby contributing to the transition toward a circular economy. Combinations for composting, comprising 15% to 50% olive pomace serving as a carbon input and 50% to 85% poultry manure as a nitrogen source, successfully underwent a 120-day composting procedure in barrels. The aim is to juxtapose the physic-chemical and microbiological traits of the composted olive pomace (Gr) and poultry manure (F), along with their amalgamations. This scrutiny endeavours to ascertain which treatment proves more efficacious as a plant fertilizer and soil amendment. The investigation also assesses the feasibility of reusing these two waste substances and gauges the maturity of the resultant compost. Throughout the composting progression, diverse microbiological and physic-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture levels, organic matter, and the evolution of the C/N ratio were systematically observed. The initial stages of the treatment disclosed heightened microbial activity in the blends, accompanied by a subsequent reduction in pathogen content towards the culmination of the composting course. The inquiry deduces that employing composts derived from olive pomace and poultry manure as sustainable substitutes for chemical fertilizers exem - plifies the viability and potential for ecologically sound agricultural practices.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Compost’s Maturity of Different Mixtures of Olive Pomace and Poultry Manure","authors":"Ayoub Doughmi, Ghizlane Elkafz, E. Cherkaoui, M. Khamar, Abderrahman Nounah, A. Zouahri","doi":"10.12912/27197050/182287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/182287","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental menace presented by olive pomace, a solid residue generated in the course of olive oil production, has been firmly established. Numerous investigations have underscored the efficacy of olive pomace as a soil enhancement. As a result, our examination centres on amplifying its agricultural advantages by means of com - posting and amalgamating it with other refuse materials. This strategy is designed to alleviate the environmental repercussions of olive pomace and trim down restoration expenses, thereby contributing to the transition toward a circular economy. Combinations for composting, comprising 15% to 50% olive pomace serving as a carbon input and 50% to 85% poultry manure as a nitrogen source, successfully underwent a 120-day composting procedure in barrels. The aim is to juxtapose the physic-chemical and microbiological traits of the composted olive pomace (Gr) and poultry manure (F), along with their amalgamations. This scrutiny endeavours to ascertain which treatment proves more efficacious as a plant fertilizer and soil amendment. The investigation also assesses the feasibility of reusing these two waste substances and gauges the maturity of the resultant compost. Throughout the composting progression, diverse microbiological and physic-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture levels, organic matter, and the evolution of the C/N ratio were systematically observed. The initial stages of the treatment disclosed heightened microbial activity in the blends, accompanied by a subsequent reduction in pathogen content towards the culmination of the composting course. The inquiry deduces that employing composts derived from olive pomace and poultry manure as sustainable substitutes for chemical fertilizers exem - plifies the viability and potential for ecologically sound agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140353085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/184224
Nawras N. Safi, Basma I. Waisi
There are several uses for electrospun nanofiber membranes because of their unique properties. Electrospinning, under suitable conditions, has allowed for the successful fabrication of nanofibrous membranes. This research, a dual-layer membrane was prepared and applied in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. Polyac-rylonitrile (PAN) based electrospun nanofibers comprised the initial (base) layer. Hydrophobic electrospun nanofi - bers made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) comprised the second (top) layer. The analysis was carried out using contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphology and wetting of a series of two-layer nanofiber membranes that were made with different percentages of PAN: PMMA. The study examined how the permeate flux was affected by changes in feed concentration, feed temperature, and feed flow rate. and optimized within a logical framework. These included feed inlet temperatures between 35 and 55 °C, salt concentrations between 70,000 and 210,000 ppm, and rates of supply flow of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 L/min. DCMD find - ings for the (25 PAN:75PMMA) membrane displayed that the amount of salt it rejected was better than 99.356% with flux 51.872 kg/m 2 .h and a penetrate through conductivity lower down 334 µs/cm when performed under optimally supplied conditions (i.e., 70 g/L; 0.6 L/min; and 55 °C).
{"title":"Enhanced Hydrophobic Double-Layer Nanofibers Membranes for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation","authors":"Nawras N. Safi, Basma I. Waisi","doi":"10.12912/27197050/184224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/184224","url":null,"abstract":"There are several uses for electrospun nanofiber membranes because of their unique properties. Electrospinning, under suitable conditions, has allowed for the successful fabrication of nanofibrous membranes. This research, a dual-layer membrane was prepared and applied in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. Polyac-rylonitrile (PAN) based electrospun nanofibers comprised the initial (base) layer. Hydrophobic electrospun nanofi - bers made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) comprised the second (top) layer. The analysis was carried out using contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphology and wetting of a series of two-layer nanofiber membranes that were made with different percentages of PAN: PMMA. The study examined how the permeate flux was affected by changes in feed concentration, feed temperature, and feed flow rate. and optimized within a logical framework. These included feed inlet temperatures between 35 and 55 °C, salt concentrations between 70,000 and 210,000 ppm, and rates of supply flow of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 L/min. DCMD find - ings for the (25 PAN:75PMMA) membrane displayed that the amount of salt it rejected was better than 99.356% with flux 51.872 kg/m 2 .h and a penetrate through conductivity lower down 334 µs/cm when performed under optimally supplied conditions (i.e., 70 g/L; 0.6 L/min; and 55 °C).","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140354201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/183132
Abdelaziz Touzani, Yahya El Hammoudani, F. Dimane, Mohamed Tahiri, K. Haboubi
The rapid increase in municipal solid waste in developing areas, as demonstrated by the Fez landfill, has led to the production of leachate with alarmingly high levels of pollutants, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive analysis and advanced treatment methods. This study uncovered exceptionally high concentrations of organic and inorganic substances, as well as heavy metals in the leachate, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaching 57,100 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) at 39.400 mg/L, and a significant presence of iron (Fe) at 1,370 mg/L, underscoring the extreme contamination levels. Importantly, this research introduced a notable contribu - tion to the field by calculating a leachate pollution index (LPI) of 88.8, a figure considerably exceeding the limits considered safe for environmental discharge. The results of the current study complement the already existing information about the critical environmental threat posed by the leachate, emphasizing the necessity for extensive treatment prior to release into the environment. The study insights are crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce the risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health, as well as for guiding policy and practice in waste management in developing regions.
{"title":"Characterization of Leachate and Assessment of the Leachate Pollution Index – A Study of the Controlled Landfill in Fez","authors":"Abdelaziz Touzani, Yahya El Hammoudani, F. Dimane, Mohamed Tahiri, K. Haboubi","doi":"10.12912/27197050/183132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/183132","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase in municipal solid waste in developing areas, as demonstrated by the Fez landfill, has led to the production of leachate with alarmingly high levels of pollutants, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive analysis and advanced treatment methods. This study uncovered exceptionally high concentrations of organic and inorganic substances, as well as heavy metals in the leachate, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaching 57,100 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) at 39.400 mg/L, and a significant presence of iron (Fe) at 1,370 mg/L, underscoring the extreme contamination levels. Importantly, this research introduced a notable contribu - tion to the field by calculating a leachate pollution index (LPI) of 88.8, a figure considerably exceeding the limits considered safe for environmental discharge. The results of the current study complement the already existing information about the critical environmental threat posed by the leachate, emphasizing the necessity for extensive treatment prior to release into the environment. The study insights are crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce the risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health, as well as for guiding policy and practice in waste management in developing regions.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/183599
Yahya El Idrissi, J. Mabrouki, B. Baghdad, Mohammed Alaoui El Belghiti, Mohammed El Azzouzi, Soukaina El Hasini, Abdelali El Mekkaoui, Kenza Kadiri Hassani, El Habib El Azzouzi
The peri-urban solid waste in the Kenitra region is experiencing a significant change in terms of quantity and qual - ity. High concentrations of both inorganic and organic materials are present in these wastes, posing a significant threat of pollution. This research sought to analyze the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals, providing valuable insights to prompt proactive interventions and propose alternative solutions for sustainable waste management. The objective of this work was to study peri-urban soil contamination in the Kenitra region-Morocco. For that purpose, several soil contamination indicators were analyzed, namely: nitrogenous, fertilizer and heavy metals concentration, soil pH, etc. The analyzed soil samples were taken from water from the different points at the levels of the studied region. The analysis shows that the studied soils are polluted with Zn, Mg, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and other chemical elements. The results obtained suggest a correlation between soil pollution and the concentrations of the measured heavy metals. Furthermore, the analysis shows that heavy metals, contamination is particularly related to the presence of lead, cadmium, and zinc. The zinc contamination in the soil is about 390 mg/kg for a standard of between 0.2 and 2 mg/kg. Lead concentrations are 53 mg/kg for a standard of 0.3 mg/kg. On the basis of Moroccan standards, the soil is contaminated by lead, cadmium, and zinc.
{"title":"The Study of Peri-Urban Soil Contamination in the Kenitra Region, Morocco – Characterization and Assessment Using a Statistical Approach","authors":"Yahya El Idrissi, J. Mabrouki, B. Baghdad, Mohammed Alaoui El Belghiti, Mohammed El Azzouzi, Soukaina El Hasini, Abdelali El Mekkaoui, Kenza Kadiri Hassani, El Habib El Azzouzi","doi":"10.12912/27197050/183599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/183599","url":null,"abstract":"The peri-urban solid waste in the Kenitra region is experiencing a significant change in terms of quantity and qual - ity. High concentrations of both inorganic and organic materials are present in these wastes, posing a significant threat of pollution. This research sought to analyze the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals, providing valuable insights to prompt proactive interventions and propose alternative solutions for sustainable waste management. The objective of this work was to study peri-urban soil contamination in the Kenitra region-Morocco. For that purpose, several soil contamination indicators were analyzed, namely: nitrogenous, fertilizer and heavy metals concentration, soil pH, etc. The analyzed soil samples were taken from water from the different points at the levels of the studied region. The analysis shows that the studied soils are polluted with Zn, Mg, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and other chemical elements. The results obtained suggest a correlation between soil pollution and the concentrations of the measured heavy metals. Furthermore, the analysis shows that heavy metals, contamination is particularly related to the presence of lead, cadmium, and zinc. The zinc contamination in the soil is about 390 mg/kg for a standard of between 0.2 and 2 mg/kg. Lead concentrations are 53 mg/kg for a standard of 0.3 mg/kg. On the basis of Moroccan standards, the soil is contaminated by lead, cadmium, and zinc.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"93 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/184031
I. Cacaj, Nazmi Hasanaj
This two-year research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chemical preparations and the resistance of tomato cultivars (Amati and Bella) against the Phytophthora infestans pathogen causing fruit blight. Fungicides, including Metalaxyl, Azoxystrobin, Mancozeb, and Copper, were tested in seven combinations, and dis - ease assessments were conducted using the McKinney Index. Results from 2021 and 2022 consistently demonstrated that the combination of Azoxystrobin and Metalaxyl exhibited the highest efficiency in pro - tecting both cultivars against Phytophthora infestans , with infection rates as low as 5.30% and 4.43%, respectively. In addition to fungicide effectiveness, cultivar resistance analysis revealed that Bella consis - tently displayed higher sustainability to the pathogen compared to Amati, with infection rates ranging from 4.43% to 6.30% for Bella, compared to 5.30% to 7.03% for Amati. This enhanced resistance in Bella was attributed to its smaller vegetative mass. The study underscores the importance of meticulous systemic fungicide use to prevent the development of pathogen resistance. Furthermore, the research recommends adjusting the frequency of sprayings based on climatic conditions to optimize blight management strate - gies. This research provides valuable insights into effective blight management strategies, highlighting specific fungicide combinations, and emphasizing the resistance characteristics of tomato cultivars. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable practices for protecting tomatoes against Phytophthora infestans , ultimately aiding in the cultivation of more resilient and disease-resistant tomato crops.
{"title":"The Protection of Tomatoes against the Fruit Blight and the Sustainability of Cultivars to the Pathogen (Phytophthora infestans)","authors":"I. Cacaj, Nazmi Hasanaj","doi":"10.12912/27197050/184031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/184031","url":null,"abstract":"This two-year research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chemical preparations and the resistance of tomato cultivars (Amati and Bella) against the Phytophthora infestans pathogen causing fruit blight. Fungicides, including Metalaxyl, Azoxystrobin, Mancozeb, and Copper, were tested in seven combinations, and dis - ease assessments were conducted using the McKinney Index. Results from 2021 and 2022 consistently demonstrated that the combination of Azoxystrobin and Metalaxyl exhibited the highest efficiency in pro - tecting both cultivars against Phytophthora infestans , with infection rates as low as 5.30% and 4.43%, respectively. In addition to fungicide effectiveness, cultivar resistance analysis revealed that Bella consis - tently displayed higher sustainability to the pathogen compared to Amati, with infection rates ranging from 4.43% to 6.30% for Bella, compared to 5.30% to 7.03% for Amati. This enhanced resistance in Bella was attributed to its smaller vegetative mass. The study underscores the importance of meticulous systemic fungicide use to prevent the development of pathogen resistance. Furthermore, the research recommends adjusting the frequency of sprayings based on climatic conditions to optimize blight management strate - gies. This research provides valuable insights into effective blight management strategies, highlighting specific fungicide combinations, and emphasizing the resistance characteristics of tomato cultivars. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable practices for protecting tomatoes against Phytophthora infestans , ultimately aiding in the cultivation of more resilient and disease-resistant tomato crops.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"1 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140353311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate climatic data, especially precipitation measurements, play a critical role in various studies concerning the water cycle, particularly in modeling flood and drought risks. Unfortunately, these datasets often suffer from tem - porary gaps that are randomly dispersed over time. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of three imputation methods: KNN, MICE, and missForest, in impute missing values in climate series. The evaluation is conducted in two distinct rainfall regimes: the Moulouya basin and the Sous Massa basin. The performance analysis considers the percentage of missing data across the entire dataset. The imputed datasets are used to estimate annual precipitation, which are then subjected to statistical tests to identify potential trends and detect changepoints. The analysis focuses on the precipitation series within the Souss Massa watershed, encompassing 27 rainfall stations. Results indicate that data imputation has a highly positive impact on the study of rainfall series trends and change point detection. The study found that studying trends without data imputation could lead to questionable conclusions. The most significant breakpoints detected in the analyzed rainfall series were in the years 1988, 1991, 1997, 2007, and 2010. The decrease in precipitation at stations showing a downward trend varies between -60 mm and -137 mm using the MICE method, and between -40 mm and 186 mm using the missForest method.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Gap Filling Technology in Precipitation Series on the Estimation of Climate Trends, the Case of the Souss Massa Watershed","authors":"Oumechtaq Ismail, Abbdelmajid Laghzali, T. Bahaj, Oulidi Abderrahim, Amghar Lamya, Allaoui Abdelhamid, Mouadil Manal, Mustapha Boualoul, Bachaoui El Mostafa, Elkhaldi Khalid","doi":"10.12912/27197050/183791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/183791","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate climatic data, especially precipitation measurements, play a critical role in various studies concerning the water cycle, particularly in modeling flood and drought risks. Unfortunately, these datasets often suffer from tem - porary gaps that are randomly dispersed over time. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of three imputation methods: KNN, MICE, and missForest, in impute missing values in climate series. The evaluation is conducted in two distinct rainfall regimes: the Moulouya basin and the Sous Massa basin. The performance analysis considers the percentage of missing data across the entire dataset. The imputed datasets are used to estimate annual precipitation, which are then subjected to statistical tests to identify potential trends and detect changepoints. The analysis focuses on the precipitation series within the Souss Massa watershed, encompassing 27 rainfall stations. Results indicate that data imputation has a highly positive impact on the study of rainfall series trends and change point detection. The study found that studying trends without data imputation could lead to questionable conclusions. The most significant breakpoints detected in the analyzed rainfall series were in the years 1988, 1991, 1997, 2007, and 2010. The decrease in precipitation at stations showing a downward trend varies between -60 mm and -137 mm using the MICE method, and between -40 mm and 186 mm using the missForest method.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/183635
T. Moskalets, Nataliia Bordiug, Vadym Pеlеkhаtyi, Oksana Ishchuk, M. Svitelskyi
The relevance of the research lies in constant desire to increase the possibilities of using dogwood, in the system of fruit horticulture. The methodological basis for conducting research include the method of carrying out an examination of suitability of fruit and berry group varieties for spreading in Ukraine, the method of assessing the quality of fruit and berry products as well as the state standards of Ukraine for determining the quality of fruits. The original data on the morphology plants and biochemical properties of the fruits of different dogwood varieties selected by Ukrainian scientists have been presented. Attention was focused on the content of dry soluble substances, sugars, pectin substances, organic acids, and polyphenolic substances as a source of antioxidants. It was found that the content of dry soluble substances in the fruits of the Stoyan form is at the level of the Olena and Radist varieties, about 18.5%. The Hrafskyi dogwood fruits are characterized by a low content of titrated acids, which results in a balanced taste considering the sugar-acid index (SAI, 5.5). The Hrafskyi form is distinguished by the increased content of pectin substances in the fruits. It has been studied that the form of Stoyan (F-32-5-18) contains the highest amount of polyphenolic substances (944 mg/100 g), while Vydubytskyi contains 274, Vyshgorodskyi – 327, Radist – 375 mg/100 g. The content of polyphenolic substances in the fruits of the Hrafskyi form is 483 mg/100 g, which is almost on a par with the Volodymyrskyi and Lukyanivskyi varieties. The Stoyan and Hrafskyi forms have the highest content of flavonoids - 107.5±4.4 and 102.5±2.0 mg/100 g. It was found that the fruits of the Hrafskyi form have an above average content of anthocyanins (52.83±1.92 mg/100 g), compared to other varieties. The originality of the study lies in the fact that the knowledge about the morphological characteristics of plants and the biochemical characteristics of the common dogwood fruits, developed by Ukrainian scientists, was expanded. On the basis of the research results, the best varieties were selected, the fruits of which are suitable for developing technologies for the production of blended syrups for a healthy diet.
{"title":"Ecological Aspects of the Comparative Study of Cornus mas L. Genotypes According to Morphological Characteristics of the Fruits, the Content of Functional Groups of Biochemical Substances and Suitability for Healthy Food Production","authors":"T. Moskalets, Nataliia Bordiug, Vadym Pеlеkhаtyi, Oksana Ishchuk, M. Svitelskyi","doi":"10.12912/27197050/183635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/183635","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the research lies in constant desire to increase the possibilities of using dogwood, in the system of fruit horticulture. The methodological basis for conducting research include the method of carrying out an examination of suitability of fruit and berry group varieties for spreading in Ukraine, the method of assessing the quality of fruit and berry products as well as the state standards of Ukraine for determining the quality of fruits. The original data on the morphology plants and biochemical properties of the fruits of different dogwood varieties selected by Ukrainian scientists have been presented. Attention was focused on the content of dry soluble substances, sugars, pectin substances, organic acids, and polyphenolic substances as a source of antioxidants. It was found that the content of dry soluble substances in the fruits of the Stoyan form is at the level of the Olena and Radist varieties, about 18.5%. The Hrafskyi dogwood fruits are characterized by a low content of titrated acids, which results in a balanced taste considering the sugar-acid index (SAI, 5.5). The Hrafskyi form is distinguished by the increased content of pectin substances in the fruits. It has been studied that the form of Stoyan (F-32-5-18) contains the highest amount of polyphenolic substances (944 mg/100 g), while Vydubytskyi contains 274, Vyshgorodskyi – 327, Radist – 375 mg/100 g. The content of polyphenolic substances in the fruits of the Hrafskyi form is 483 mg/100 g, which is almost on a par with the Volodymyrskyi and Lukyanivskyi varieties. The Stoyan and Hrafskyi forms have the highest content of flavonoids - 107.5±4.4 and 102.5±2.0 mg/100 g. It was found that the fruits of the Hrafskyi form have an above average content of anthocyanins (52.83±1.92 mg/100 g), compared to other varieties. The originality of the study lies in the fact that the knowledge about the morphological characteristics of plants and the biochemical characteristics of the common dogwood fruits, developed by Ukrainian scientists, was expanded. On the basis of the research results, the best varieties were selected, the fruits of which are suitable for developing technologies for the production of blended syrups for a healthy diet.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"76 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140355663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}