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Agronomic Impact and Phytotoxicity of Olive Mill Wastewater as a Biofertilizer on Vicia faba L. 橄榄油厂废水作为生物肥料对紫花苜蓿的农艺影响和植物毒性
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/185353
El Hassane Kasmi, Youcef Khattach, Abderrahman Makaoui, Abdessadek Essadek, Soukaina Terroufi, I. Mzabri, Kaoutar Aboukhalid, Abdesselam Maatougui, M. Neffa
The Moroccan olive oil industries generate a substantial amount of olive mill wastewater (OMW), causing a significant environmental issue. Consequently, its valorization represents a sustainable agroecological solution to the environmental problems caused by this uncontrolled discharge. In this context, the use of OMW as an organic biofertilizer in agriculture has been suggested as an alternative to restore soil fertility and improve agricultural production. To comprehensively understand its impact, the conducted study focused on the local cultivar Vicia faba L., investigating the consequences of daily applications of OMW at varying doses (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%). In the experimental design, NaCl solutions, mimicking the electrical conductivity of OMW, were used to pinpoint the potential phytotoxic agents within the wastewater. The results revealed that a high dose of OMW had significant effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. Additionally, phytotoxicity depended on both OMW concentration and the growth stage of Vicia faba L., causing growth delays, germination inhibition, as well as the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. These findings underscore the complexity of using OMW in agriculture and highlight the critical importance of precise control over application rates for the success of this approach. While reusing OMW presents a viable and practical solution, a nuanced understanding of its impact on specific crops and a meticulous approach to dosage man - agement are imperative to realize its potential benefits and mitigate any potential risks to crop productivity.
摩洛哥的橄榄油产业产生了大量的橄榄油厂废水(OMW),造成了严重的环境问题。因此,将其价值化是解决这种无节制排放造成的环境问题的可持续农业生态解决方案。在这种情况下,有人建议在农业中使用 OMW 作为有机生物肥料,作为恢复土壤肥力和提高农业产量的替代方法。为了全面了解 OMW 的影响,本研究以当地种植的 Vicia faba L. 为重点,调查了每天施用不同剂量(5%、10%、20%、30%)OMW 的后果。在实验设计中,模拟 OMW 电导率的氯化钠溶液被用来确定废水中潜在的植物毒性物质。结果表明,高剂量的 OMW 对植物的形态、生理和生化参数有显著影响。此外,植物毒性取决于 OMW 的浓度和紫花苜蓿的生长阶段,会导致生长延迟、发芽抑制以及脯氨酸和可溶性糖的积累。这些发现凸显了在农业中使用 OMW 的复杂性,并强调了精确控制施用量对这种方法取得成功的至关重要性。虽然重复使用 OMW 是一种可行且实用的解决方案,但要实现其潜在效益并降低对作物生产力的潜在风险,就必须深入了解其对特定作物的影响,并采取细致的剂量管理方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Heavy Metal Speciation on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Phoenix dactylifera L. Growing in Moroccan Urban and Peri-Urban Environments 重金属物种对生长在摩洛哥城市和城市周边环境中的凤凰木丛枝菌根真菌的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/185252
Mohamed Radi, Karim Anzid, A. Meddich, Ali Boularbah, M. Hafidi, Ouahmane Lahcen
Impacts of metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizopheric soils of date palms in urban and peri-urban areas were studied. The objective was to assess the impact of rhizospheric soil contamination. Various chemical species of heavy metals on the AMF spore density associated with date palms were evaluated . A collection of date palm rhizospheric soil samples from eight sites including three boulevards, three gardens and two distinct areas of the Marrakesh palm grove was under study. These samples were used for counting endomycorrhizal fungal spores, for estimating mycorrhization state of root system and for physico-chemical analyses. A five-stage sequential extraction scheme was used to evaluate the fractionation of some heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Pearson’s correlation coefficients between AMF spore’s density and metal species were determined and a multiple linear regression was tested to predict AMF spore density from the chemical species content of soil. A mycorrhizal dependency of date palm was indicated, since a high frequency from 61 to 98% and a middle intensity from 10 to 47% of root colonization by AMF were recorded. The spore density from all sites was found in increasing order of boulevards, garden then palm groves. A significant cor - relation between AMF spore density and some metal species rhizospheric soil content was recorded; negative for sulfide-bound lead ( r = -0.81) and zinc ( r = -0.70) and for exchangeable fraction copper (Cu), ( r = -0.79) whereas it is positive for exchangeable fraction zinc ( r = 0.70). AMF spore density predictions from sulfide-bound Zinc and exchangeable fraction copper exhibited a good fit, with higher R 2 value (0.91, p = 0.002). Since Date palm has a mycotrophic nature, the sustainability of the microbial populations associated with their roots might be ensured by modifying some chemical forms of heavy metals like sulfide-bound zinc and exchangeable fraction copper.
研究了金属污染对城市和城市周边地区枣树根瘤土壤中的丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的影响。目的是评估根瘤土壤污染的影响。评估了各种重金属化学物质对与枣树相关的 AMF 孢子密度的影响。研究收集了八个地点的椰枣根瘤土壤样本,包括三个林荫大道、三个花园和马拉喀什棕榈林的两个不同区域。这些样本用于计数内生菌根真菌孢子、估计根系的菌根状态和进行物理化学分析。采用五级顺序萃取法对一些重金属如铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和铁(Fe)的分馏进行了评估。测定了 AMF 孢子密度与金属种类之间的皮尔逊相关系数,并测试了多元线性回归,以根据土壤中的化学种类含量预测 AMF 孢子密度。结果表明,枣椰树的菌根依赖性很强,AMF 在枣椰树根部的定殖频率从 61% 到 98% 不等,定殖强度从 10% 到 47% 不等。所有地点的孢子密度依次为林荫大道、花园和棕榈林。根据记录,AMF 孢子密度与根瘤土壤中某些金属物种的含量之间存在明显的相关性;硫化物结合铅(r = -0.81)和锌(r = -0.70)以及可交换部分铜(Cu)(r = -0.79)为负相关,而可交换部分锌(r = 0.70)为正相关。根据硫化物结合锌和可交换部分铜预测的 AMF 孢子密度拟合度较高,R 2 值较高 (0.91, p = 0.002)。由于枣椰树具有菌根性,因此可以通过改变重金属(如硫化物结合锌和可交换部分铜)的某些化学形态来确保与其根部相关的微生物种群的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Modeling of Reaeration Coefficient for Lakes: A Case Study of Sawa Lake, Iraq 湖泊曝气系数的数值建模:伊拉克萨瓦湖案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/185312
H. A. Al-Zubaidi, A. Naje, Z. Al-Ridah, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, K. Sopian
Accurate determination of reaeration coefficient in lakes is a key factor for accurate modeling of dissolved oxy - gen. This study developed a new numerical model to determine the lake reaeration coefficient of Sawa lake, Iraq based on solving the transform mechanisms of dissolved oxygen without the using the empirical and laboratory methods. The model solved the gas transport at the water-air surface numerically to predict the dissolved oxygen and the reaeration coefficient simultaneously. Results showed that the lake reaeration coefficient was 0.001 day -1 at 20 °C with low root mean squared errors (0.138, 0.137, and 0.168 mg/L for the three years of simulation 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively) and absolute mean errors (0.121, 0.114, and 0.145 mg/L in 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively). It was noticed that the lake habitat was impacted causing unhealthy conditions (low reaeration rate), and there was upward dissolved oxygen movement due to the presence of positive trend in the yearly cycle of temperature. In addition, including this numerical approach along with other water quality models can improve the predictions of other water quality parameters.
准确测定湖泊中的再曝气系数是准确建立溶解氧模型的关键因素。本研究在解决溶解氧转化机理的基础上,开发了一种新的数值模型来确定伊拉克萨瓦湖的湖泊再曝气系数,而不使用经验方法和实验室方法。该模型对水气表面的气体传输进行了数值求解,以同时预测溶解氧和再曝气系数。结果表明,在 20 °C 条件下,湖泊再曝气系数为 0.001 天-1,且均方根误差较小(2007、2012 和 2017 年三年模拟的均方根误差分别为 0.138、0.137 和 0.168 mg/L),绝对平均误差较小(2007、2012 和 2017 年分别为 0.121、0.114 和 0.145 mg/L)。结果表明,湖泊生境受到了影响,造成了不健康的状况(再通气率低),并且由于温度的年周期呈正趋势,溶解氧出现了上升。此外,将这一数值方法与其他水质模型结合起来,可以改进对其他水质参数的预测。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Compost’s Maturity of Different Mixtures of Olive Pomace and Poultry Manure 评估不同橄榄渣和家禽粪便混合物的堆肥成熟度
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/182287
Ayoub Doughmi, Ghizlane Elkafz, E. Cherkaoui, M. Khamar, Abderrahman Nounah, A. Zouahri
The environmental menace presented by olive pomace, a solid residue generated in the course of olive oil production, has been firmly established. Numerous investigations have underscored the efficacy of olive pomace as a soil enhancement. As a result, our examination centres on amplifying its agricultural advantages by means of com - posting and amalgamating it with other refuse materials. This strategy is designed to alleviate the environmental repercussions of olive pomace and trim down restoration expenses, thereby contributing to the transition toward a circular economy. Combinations for composting, comprising 15% to 50% olive pomace serving as a carbon input and 50% to 85% poultry manure as a nitrogen source, successfully underwent a 120-day composting procedure in barrels. The aim is to juxtapose the physic-chemical and microbiological traits of the composted olive pomace (Gr) and poultry manure (F), along with their amalgamations. This scrutiny endeavours to ascertain which treatment proves more efficacious as a plant fertilizer and soil amendment. The investigation also assesses the feasibility of reusing these two waste substances and gauges the maturity of the resultant compost. Throughout the composting progression, diverse microbiological and physic-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture levels, organic matter, and the evolution of the C/N ratio were systematically observed. The initial stages of the treatment disclosed heightened microbial activity in the blends, accompanied by a subsequent reduction in pathogen content towards the culmination of the composting course. The inquiry deduces that employing composts derived from olive pomace and poultry manure as sustainable substitutes for chemical fertilizers exem - plifies the viability and potential for ecologically sound agricultural practices.
橄榄渣是橄榄油生产过程中产生的一种固体残留物,其对环境造成的威胁已经得到证实。许多研究都强调了橄榄渣作为土壤改良剂的功效。因此,我们的研究重点是通过将橄榄渣与其他垃圾混合堆放来扩大其农业优势。这一战略旨在减轻橄榄渣对环境的影响,减少修复费用,从而促进向循环经济过渡。由 15%至 50%的橄榄渣作为碳输入,50%至 85%的家禽粪便作为氮源组成的堆肥组合在桶中成功进行了 120 天的堆肥处理。目的是将堆肥后的橄榄渣(Gr)和家禽粪便(F)的物理、化学和微生物特性以及它们的混合物并列起来。这项研究旨在确定哪种处理方法作为植物肥料和土壤改良剂更有效。调查还评估了重新利用这两种废物的可行性,并衡量了堆肥结果的成熟度。在整个堆肥过程中,系统地观察了各种微生物和物理化学参数,如温度、pH 值、电导率 (EC)、湿度、有机物质以及 C/N 比值的变化。堆肥处理的初始阶段显示混合物中的微生物活性增强,堆肥过程结束后病原体含量随之减少。这项研究推断,使用橄榄渣和家禽粪便制成的堆肥作为化肥的可持续替代品,可以提高生态农业实践的可行性和潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Hydrophobic Double-Layer Nanofibers Membranes for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation 用于直接接触膜蒸馏的增强型疏水双层纳米纤维膜
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/184224
Nawras N. Safi, Basma I. Waisi
There are several uses for electrospun nanofiber membranes because of their unique properties. Electrospinning, under suitable conditions, has allowed for the successful fabrication of nanofibrous membranes. This research, a dual-layer membrane was prepared and applied in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. Polyac-rylonitrile (PAN) based electrospun nanofibers comprised the initial (base) layer. Hydrophobic electrospun nanofi - bers made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) comprised the second (top) layer. The analysis was carried out using contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphology and wetting of a series of two-layer nanofiber membranes that were made with different percentages of PAN: PMMA. The study examined how the permeate flux was affected by changes in feed concentration, feed temperature, and feed flow rate. and optimized within a logical framework. These included feed inlet temperatures between 35 and 55 °C, salt concentrations between 70,000 and 210,000 ppm, and rates of supply flow of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 L/min. DCMD find - ings for the (25 PAN:75PMMA) membrane displayed that the amount of salt it rejected was better than 99.356% with flux 51.872 kg/m 2 .h and a penetrate through conductivity lower down 334 µs/cm when performed under optimally supplied conditions (i.e., 70 g/L; 0.6 L/min; and 55 °C).
电纺纳米纤维膜因其独特的性能而有多种用途。在适当的条件下,电纺丝可以成功制造纳米纤维膜。本研究制备了一种双层膜,并将其应用于直接接触膜蒸馏(DCMD)系统。基于聚丙烯腈(PAN)的电纺纳米纤维构成了初始(基础)层。第二层(顶层)是由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的疏水性电纺纳米纤维。使用接触角测量法和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 分析了一系列双层纳米纤维膜的形态和润湿情况,这些纳米纤维膜由不同比例的 PAN:PMMA 制成。该研究考察了渗透通量如何受到进料浓度、进料温度和进料流速变化的影响。其中包括进料温度介于 35 至 55 °C,盐浓度介于 70,000 至 210,000 ppm,以及 0.2、0.4 和 0.6 升/分钟的供料流速。DCMD 对 (25 PAN:75PMMA) 膜的研究结果表明,在最佳供应条件下(即 70 克/升;0.6 升/分钟;55 °C),其盐剔除量优于 99.356%,通量为 51.872 公斤/米 2 .小时,穿透电导率低于 334 微秒/厘米。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Leachate and Assessment of the Leachate Pollution Index – A Study of the Controlled Landfill in Fez 渗滤液的特征和渗滤液污染指数评估--对非斯受控垃圾填埋场的研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/183132
Abdelaziz Touzani, Yahya El Hammoudani, F. Dimane, Mohamed Tahiri, K. Haboubi
The rapid increase in municipal solid waste in developing areas, as demonstrated by the Fez landfill, has led to the production of leachate with alarmingly high levels of pollutants, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive analysis and advanced treatment methods. This study uncovered exceptionally high concentrations of organic and inorganic substances, as well as heavy metals in the leachate, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaching 57,100 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) at 39.400 mg/L, and a significant presence of iron (Fe) at 1,370 mg/L, underscoring the extreme contamination levels. Importantly, this research introduced a notable contribu - tion to the field by calculating a leachate pollution index (LPI) of 88.8, a figure considerably exceeding the limits considered safe for environmental discharge. The results of the current study complement the already existing information about the critical environmental threat posed by the leachate, emphasizing the necessity for extensive treatment prior to release into the environment. The study insights are crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce the risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health, as well as for guiding policy and practice in waste management in developing regions.
发展中地区城市固体废物的迅速增加(非斯垃圾填埋场的情况就是证明)导致产生了污染物含量高得惊人的沥滤液,突出表明迫切需要进行全面分析和采用先进的处理方法。这项研究发现,垃圾渗滤液中的有机物、无机物和重金属浓度极高,化学需氧量 (COD) 达到 57 100 毫克/升,生化需氧量 (BOD₅) 为 39 400 毫克/升,铁 (Fe) 含量高达 1 370 毫克/升,污染程度极其严重。重要的是,这项研究通过计算出 88.8 的渗滤液污染指数 (LPI),为该领域做出了显著贡献,这一数字大大超出了环境排放的安全限值。本研究的结果补充了有关渗滤液对环境构成严重威胁的现有信息,强调了在向环境排放之前进行广泛处理的必要性。这项研究的见解对于制定有效战略以降低对水生生态系统和公众健康的风险,以及指导发展中地区的废物管理政策和实践至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Study of Peri-Urban Soil Contamination in the Kenitra Region, Morocco – Characterization and Assessment Using a Statistical Approach 摩洛哥凯尼特拉地区城市周边土壤污染研究--利用统计方法进行特征描述和评估
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/183599
Yahya El Idrissi, J. Mabrouki, B. Baghdad, Mohammed Alaoui El Belghiti, Mohammed El Azzouzi, Soukaina El Hasini, Abdelali El Mekkaoui, Kenza Kadiri Hassani, El Habib El Azzouzi
The peri-urban solid waste in the Kenitra region is experiencing a significant change in terms of quantity and qual - ity. High concentrations of both inorganic and organic materials are present in these wastes, posing a significant threat of pollution. This research sought to analyze the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals, providing valuable insights to prompt proactive interventions and propose alternative solutions for sustainable waste management. The objective of this work was to study peri-urban soil contamination in the Kenitra region-Morocco. For that purpose, several soil contamination indicators were analyzed, namely: nitrogenous, fertilizer and heavy metals concentration, soil pH, etc. The analyzed soil samples were taken from water from the different points at the levels of the studied region. The analysis shows that the studied soils are polluted with Zn, Mg, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and other chemical elements. The results obtained suggest a correlation between soil pollution and the concentrations of the measured heavy metals. Furthermore, the analysis shows that heavy metals, contamination is particularly related to the presence of lead, cadmium, and zinc. The zinc contamination in the soil is about 390 mg/kg for a standard of between 0.2 and 2 mg/kg. Lead concentrations are 53 mg/kg for a standard of 0.3 mg/kg. On the basis of Moroccan standards, the soil is contaminated by lead, cadmium, and zinc.
凯尼特拉地区城郊的固体废物在数量和质量上都发生了重大变化。这些垃圾中含有高浓度的无机物和有机物,构成了严重的污染威胁。这项研究旨在分析土壤受重金属污染的程度,为采取积极干预措施提供有价值的见解,并为可持续废物管理提出替代解决方案。这项工作的目的是研究摩洛哥凯尼特拉地区的城郊土壤污染情况。为此,对几项土壤污染指标进行了分析,即:氮、肥料和重金属浓度、土壤 pH 值等。所分析的土壤样本取自所研究地区各级不同点的水源。分析表明,所研究的土壤受到锌、镁、铜、镍、铬、镉、铅和其他化学元素的污染。结果表明,土壤污染与所测重金属浓度之间存在相关性。此外,分析表明,重金属污染尤其与铅、镉和锌的存在有关。按照 0.2 至 2 毫克/千克的标准,土壤中的锌污染约为 390 毫克/千克。铅浓度为 53 毫克/千克,标准为 0.3 毫克/千克。根据摩洛哥的标准,土壤受到铅、镉和锌的污染。
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引用次数: 0
The Protection of Tomatoes against the Fruit Blight and the Sustainability of Cultivars to the Pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) 西红柿对果实疫病的保护以及栽培品种对病原体(Phytophthora infestans)的适应性
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/184031
I. Cacaj, Nazmi Hasanaj
This two-year research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chemical preparations and the resistance of tomato cultivars (Amati and Bella) against the Phytophthora infestans pathogen causing fruit blight. Fungicides, including Metalaxyl, Azoxystrobin, Mancozeb, and Copper, were tested in seven combinations, and dis - ease assessments were conducted using the McKinney Index. Results from 2021 and 2022 consistently demonstrated that the combination of Azoxystrobin and Metalaxyl exhibited the highest efficiency in pro - tecting both cultivars against Phytophthora infestans , with infection rates as low as 5.30% and 4.43%, respectively. In addition to fungicide effectiveness, cultivar resistance analysis revealed that Bella consis - tently displayed higher sustainability to the pathogen compared to Amati, with infection rates ranging from 4.43% to 6.30% for Bella, compared to 5.30% to 7.03% for Amati. This enhanced resistance in Bella was attributed to its smaller vegetative mass. The study underscores the importance of meticulous systemic fungicide use to prevent the development of pathogen resistance. Furthermore, the research recommends adjusting the frequency of sprayings based on climatic conditions to optimize blight management strate - gies. This research provides valuable insights into effective blight management strategies, highlighting specific fungicide combinations, and emphasizing the resistance characteristics of tomato cultivars. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable practices for protecting tomatoes against Phytophthora infestans , ultimately aiding in the cultivation of more resilient and disease-resistant tomato crops.
这项为期两年的研究旨在评估化学制剂的功效以及番茄栽培品种(Amati 和 Bella)对导致果实枯萎病的 Phytophthora infestans 病原体的抗性。对包括 Metalaxyl、Azoxystrobin、Mancozeb 和 Copper 在内的七种杀菌剂组合进行了测试,并使用麦金尼指数进行了难易程度评估。2021 年和 2022 年的结果一致表明,唑啉草酯和甲霜灵的组合在保护两种栽培品种免受疫霉侵染方面表现出最高的效率,感染率分别低至 5.30% 和 4.43%。除了杀真菌剂的效果外,栽培品种抗性分析表明,与阿玛蒂相比,贝拉对病原体的抗性更强,贝拉的感染率从 4.43% 到 6.30%,而阿玛蒂的感染率从 5.30% 到 7.03%。贝拉抗病性的增强得益于其较小的植株。这项研究强调了精心使用系统杀菌剂以防止病原体产生抗药性的重要性。此外,研究还建议根据气候条件调整喷洒频率,以优化枯萎病管理策略。这项研究为有效的枯萎病管理策略提供了宝贵的见解,突出了特定的杀菌剂组合,并强调了番茄栽培品种的抗性特征。这些发现有助于开发保护番茄免受疫霉菌侵袭的可持续方法,最终有助于培育更有韧性和抗病性的番茄作物。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Impact of Gap Filling Technology in Precipitation Series on the Estimation of Climate Trends, the Case of the Souss Massa Watershed 评估降水序列填隙技术对气候趋势估算的影响,苏斯马萨流域案例
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/183791
Oumechtaq Ismail, Abbdelmajid Laghzali, T. Bahaj, Oulidi Abderrahim, Amghar Lamya, Allaoui Abdelhamid, Mouadil Manal, Mustapha Boualoul, Bachaoui El Mostafa, Elkhaldi Khalid
Accurate climatic data, especially precipitation measurements, play a critical role in various studies concerning the water cycle, particularly in modeling flood and drought risks. Unfortunately, these datasets often suffer from tem - porary gaps that are randomly dispersed over time. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of three imputation methods: KNN, MICE, and missForest, in impute missing values in climate series. The evaluation is conducted in two distinct rainfall regimes: the Moulouya basin and the Sous Massa basin. The performance analysis considers the percentage of missing data across the entire dataset. The imputed datasets are used to estimate annual precipitation, which are then subjected to statistical tests to identify potential trends and detect changepoints. The analysis focuses on the precipitation series within the Souss Massa watershed, encompassing 27 rainfall stations. Results indicate that data imputation has a highly positive impact on the study of rainfall series trends and change point detection. The study found that studying trends without data imputation could lead to questionable conclusions. The most significant breakpoints detected in the analyzed rainfall series were in the years 1988, 1991, 1997, 2007, and 2010. The decrease in precipitation at stations showing a downward trend varies between -60 mm and -137 mm using the MICE method, and between -40 mm and 186 mm using the missForest method.
准确的气候数据,尤其是降水测量数据,在有关水循环的各种研究中,特别是在洪水和干旱风险建模中发挥着至关重要的作用。遗憾的是,这些数据集往往存在随时间随机分散的临时缺口。本研究旨在评估三种估算方法的有效性:KNN、MICE 和 missForest 这三种估算方法在估算气候序列缺失值方面的有效性。评估在两个不同的降雨系统中进行:穆鲁亚盆地和苏马萨盆地。性能分析考虑了整个数据集中缺失数据的百分比。估算数据集用于估算年降水量,然后进行统计检验,以确定潜在趋势并检测变化点。分析的重点是 Souss Massa 流域内的降水序列,包括 27 个雨量站。结果表明,数据估算对降水序列趋势研究和变化点检测具有非常积极的影响。研究发现,在没有数据估算的情况下研究降雨趋势可能会得出令人质疑的结论。在分析的降雨序列中,1988 年、1991 年、1997 年、2007 年和 2010 年发现了最重要的变化点。采用 MICE 方法,降水量呈下降趋势的站点降水量在-60 毫米至-137 毫米之间,采用 missForest 方法,降水量在-40 毫米至 186 毫米之间。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological Aspects of the Comparative Study of Cornus mas L. Genotypes According to Morphological Characteristics of the Fruits, the Content of Functional Groups of Biochemical Substances and Suitability for Healthy Food Production 根据果实形态特征、生化物质功能群含量和健康食品生产适宜性对山茱萸基因型进行比较研究的生态学意义
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.12912/27197050/183635
T. Moskalets, Nataliia Bordiug, Vadym Pеlеkhаtyi, Oksana Ishchuk, M. Svitelskyi
The relevance of the research lies in constant desire to increase the possibilities of using dogwood, in the system of fruit horticulture. The methodological basis for conducting research include the method of carrying out an examination of suitability of fruit and berry group varieties for spreading in Ukraine, the method of assessing the quality of fruit and berry products as well as the state standards of Ukraine for determining the quality of fruits. The original data on the morphology plants and biochemical properties of the fruits of different dogwood varieties selected by Ukrainian scientists have been presented. Attention was focused on the content of dry soluble substances, sugars, pectin substances, organic acids, and polyphenolic substances as a source of antioxidants. It was found that the content of dry soluble substances in the fruits of the Stoyan form is at the level of the Olena and Radist varieties, about 18.5%. The Hrafskyi dogwood fruits are characterized by a low content of titrated acids, which results in a balanced taste considering the sugar-acid index (SAI, 5.5). The Hrafskyi form is distinguished by the increased content of pectin substances in the fruits. It has been studied that the form of Stoyan (F-32-5-18) contains the highest amount of polyphenolic substances (944 mg/100 g), while Vydubytskyi contains 274, Vyshgorodskyi – 327, Radist – 375 mg/100 g. The content of polyphenolic substances in the fruits of the Hrafskyi form is 483 mg/100 g, which is almost on a par with the Volodymyrskyi and Lukyanivskyi varieties. The Stoyan and Hrafskyi forms have the highest content of flavonoids - 107.5±4.4 and 102.5±2.0 mg/100 g. It was found that the fruits of the Hrafskyi form have an above average content of anthocyanins (52.83±1.92 mg/100 g), compared to other varieties. The originality of the study lies in the fact that the knowledge about the morphological characteristics of plants and the biochemical characteristics of the common dogwood fruits, developed by Ukrainian scientists, was expanded. On the basis of the research results, the best varieties were selected, the fruits of which are suitable for developing technologies for the production of blended syrups for a healthy diet.
研究的意义在于不断提高在水果园艺系统中使用山茱萸的可能性。开展研究的方法论基础包括:在乌克兰推广水果和浆果类品种的适宜性检查方法、水果和浆果产品的质量评估方法以及乌克兰国家水果质量标准。介绍了乌克兰科学家挑选的不同山茱萸品种果实的形态植物和生化特性的原始数据。重点关注了干溶性物质、糖、果胶物质、有机酸和作为抗氧化剂来源的多酚类物质的含量。研究发现,"斯托扬 "山茱萸果实中的干可溶性物质含量与 "奥列娜 "和 "拉迪斯特 "山茱萸果实的含量相当,约为 18.5%。Hrafskyi 山茱萸果实的特点是滴定酸含量较低,因此从糖酸指数(SAI,5.5)来看,口感比较均衡。Hrafskyi 型山茱萸的特点是果实中果胶物质的含量增加。据研究,"斯托扬"(F-32-5-18)多酚物质含量最高(944 毫克/100 克),"维杜比茨基"(Vydubytskyi)为 274 毫克/100 克,"维什戈罗茨基"(Vyshgorodskyi)为 327 毫克/100 克,"拉迪斯特"(Radist)为 375 毫克/100 克。研究发现,与其他品种相比,Hrafskyi 品种果实中的花青素含量高于平均水平(52.83±1.92 mg/100g)。这项研究的独创性在于扩大了乌克兰科学家对植物形态特征和普通山茱萸果实生化特征的认识。在研究成果的基础上,选出了最佳品种,其果实适合用于开发健康饮食混合糖浆的生产技术。
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Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
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