Due to its widespread presence in groundwater, nitrate contamination has become a major global concern. Identifying the different sources of this contamination, particularly those related to agricultural practices, is therefore crucial to assess its negative impacts. The European Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) requires the protection of all natural freshwater resources with a maximum nitrate concentration threshold of 50 mgNO 3+ L -1 , applicable to all groundwater, regardless of its intended use. Many studies have used a chemical approach to identify these contaminations, but one of the possible approaches to identify contamination and the source of the contamination is a microbiological approach. An aquifer’s unique groundwater fingerprint: its hydrology, chemistry, and geology are shaped by the communities of heterotrophic bacteria that thrive in this underground environment. The present study carries out an evaluation of the impact of nitrate and ammonia on the bacterial community of groundwater, in particular by studying the correlations between the two chemical forms analyzed and some of the native species most present in nitrifying and denitrifying groundwater. These evaluations make it possible to identify the microbial species subject to the variation of ammonia and nitrate concentrations and to evaluate the extent of variation in the natural environment, providing useful information on the variation of the chemical compound, validating the innovative thesis of being used as a natural tracer for the identification of potential direct or indirect contamination.
{"title":"Nitrate and Ammonia Contamination in Groundwater and their Effect on Microbial Community in Apulia Region","authors":"Angelantonio Calabrese, Mariavirginia Campanale, Fabiola Iurino","doi":"10.12912/27197050/186493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/186493","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its widespread presence in groundwater, nitrate contamination has become a major global concern. Identifying the different sources of this contamination, particularly those related to agricultural practices, is therefore crucial to assess its negative impacts. The European Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) requires the protection of all natural freshwater resources with a maximum nitrate concentration threshold of 50 mgNO 3+ L -1 , applicable to all groundwater, regardless of its intended use. Many studies have used a chemical approach to identify these contaminations, but one of the possible approaches to identify contamination and the source of the contamination is a microbiological approach. An aquifer’s unique groundwater fingerprint: its hydrology, chemistry, and geology are shaped by the communities of heterotrophic bacteria that thrive in this underground environment. The present study carries out an evaluation of the impact of nitrate and ammonia on the bacterial community of groundwater, in particular by studying the correlations between the two chemical forms analyzed and some of the native species most present in nitrifying and denitrifying groundwater. These evaluations make it possible to identify the microbial species subject to the variation of ammonia and nitrate concentrations and to evaluate the extent of variation in the natural environment, providing useful information on the variation of the chemical compound, validating the innovative thesis of being used as a natural tracer for the identification of potential direct or indirect contamination.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/187071
Kantha Raju Kanaparthi, S. S. Ilango
Ensuring food security is a top goal for all nations, yet infected plants can negatively impact agricultural production and the country’s economic resources. In the past, farmers have depended on conventional techniques to enhance crop yield. In recent times, there has been a significant decline in crop production due to pest infestations on Chilli crops. The progress of deep learning techniques facilitates the categorization of diverse sorts of images in practical applications. Especially, detecting multi-class Chilli crop pests with good accuracy using deep learning algorithms is consistently a significant challenge. The proposed study concentrated in identifying pests on Chilli leaves using deep learning methods such as YOLOv5 and YOLOv7. To improve classification accuracy, a new and unique dataset called the standard balanced custom ‘Chilli pest dataset’ is created with 13,414 pest images. This dataset includes three specific pest classes: Black Thrips, Redmites, and White Fly. We analysed the custom Chilli dataset using YOLOv5 and YOLOv7 to evaluate their effectiveness in detecting pests in Chilli crops and obtained novel detection performance metrics. The resultant parameters mean Average Precision (mAP) for all three pest classes is 98.6% for YOLOv5 and 86.1% for YOLOv7. The YOLOv5s detector demonstrates superior performance compared to the YOLOv7 pest classification, with a 12.5% improvement. The YOLOv7 algorithm achieves its best classification accuracy (86.1%) at a lower epoch (110), while the YOLOv5 algorithm achieves its highest classification accuracy (98.6%) at a higher epoch (350). Nevertheless, despite this distinction, the YOLOv5 algo - rithm is recommended as the superior detector for accurately identifying pests in well-balanced multi-class pest type datasets, in comparison to YOLOv7, VGG-16 (~92.7%), and VGG-19 (~84.24%) deep learning architectures.
{"title":"Deep Learning Methods for Detecting Chilli Pests: A Novel Performance Analysis","authors":"Kantha Raju Kanaparthi, S. S. Ilango","doi":"10.12912/27197050/187071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/187071","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring food security is a top goal for all nations, yet infected plants can negatively impact agricultural production and the country’s economic resources. In the past, farmers have depended on conventional techniques to enhance crop yield. In recent times, there has been a significant decline in crop production due to pest infestations on Chilli crops. The progress of deep learning techniques facilitates the categorization of diverse sorts of images in practical applications. Especially, detecting multi-class Chilli crop pests with good accuracy using deep learning algorithms is consistently a significant challenge. The proposed study concentrated in identifying pests on Chilli leaves using deep learning methods such as YOLOv5 and YOLOv7. To improve classification accuracy, a new and unique dataset called the standard balanced custom ‘Chilli pest dataset’ is created with 13,414 pest images. This dataset includes three specific pest classes: Black Thrips, Redmites, and White Fly. We analysed the custom Chilli dataset using YOLOv5 and YOLOv7 to evaluate their effectiveness in detecting pests in Chilli crops and obtained novel detection performance metrics. The resultant parameters mean Average Precision (mAP) for all three pest classes is 98.6% for YOLOv5 and 86.1% for YOLOv7. The YOLOv5s detector demonstrates superior performance compared to the YOLOv7 pest classification, with a 12.5% improvement. The YOLOv7 algorithm achieves its best classification accuracy (86.1%) at a lower epoch (110), while the YOLOv5 algorithm achieves its highest classification accuracy (98.6%) at a higher epoch (350). Nevertheless, despite this distinction, the YOLOv5 algo - rithm is recommended as the superior detector for accurately identifying pests in well-balanced multi-class pest type datasets, in comparison to YOLOv7, VGG-16 (~92.7%), and VGG-19 (~84.24%) deep learning architectures.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/186550
Hicham Ikraoun, Mohamed El Mderssa, F. Z. Aliyat, L. Nassiri, J. Ibijbijen
The present study was conducted in monospecific stand of Cork oak ( Quercus suber L.) in the Oulmes Central Plateau (Case of Zitchouene Forest), with the following objectives: determination of the organic carbon stock in the different compartments of the forest ecosystem, namely: the soil, the above-ground and below-ground biomass. To achieve these objectives, the biomass of the cork oak tree in the study area was researched using direct dry weight measurements on 30 sample trees. Furthermore, the volume of standing trees was estimated using a volume tariff based on direct measurements of circumference at 1.30 and total tree height, all of which allowed estimating the biomass expansion and conversion factor (BECF) specific to the Oulmes Central Plateau cork oak. As a result, the volume and above-ground bio - mass were estimated at 55.74 m 3 /ha and 20.13 t/ha of dry matter respectively. Soil organic carbon stock and biomass (above and below ground) were estimated at 43.02 t/ha and 16.60 t/ha, respectively. BECF, determined by the ratio between volume and biomass, was 0.59, which approaches the minimum value recorded under the same productivity conditions estimated by IPCC (0.6–1.4).
{"title":"Assessing Carbon Storage and Biomass in Moroccan Cork Oak Forests","authors":"Hicham Ikraoun, Mohamed El Mderssa, F. Z. Aliyat, L. Nassiri, J. Ibijbijen","doi":"10.12912/27197050/186550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/186550","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in monospecific stand of Cork oak ( Quercus suber L.) in the Oulmes Central Plateau (Case of Zitchouene Forest), with the following objectives: determination of the organic carbon stock in the different compartments of the forest ecosystem, namely: the soil, the above-ground and below-ground biomass. To achieve these objectives, the biomass of the cork oak tree in the study area was researched using direct dry weight measurements on 30 sample trees. Furthermore, the volume of standing trees was estimated using a volume tariff based on direct measurements of circumference at 1.30 and total tree height, all of which allowed estimating the biomass expansion and conversion factor (BECF) specific to the Oulmes Central Plateau cork oak. As a result, the volume and above-ground bio - mass were estimated at 55.74 m 3 /ha and 20.13 t/ha of dry matter respectively. Soil organic carbon stock and biomass (above and below ground) were estimated at 43.02 t/ha and 16.60 t/ha, respectively. BECF, determined by the ratio between volume and biomass, was 0.59, which approaches the minimum value recorded under the same productivity conditions estimated by IPCC (0.6–1.4).","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/186617
Naamane Sara, Saidi Hassani Alaoui Mohamed, Taleb Mustapha, Rais Zakia
Concrete slurry waste (CSW) is an industrial by-product retrieved in large quantities from ready-mix concrete plants. The present work aims to study the feasibility of the incorporation of this residue in the production of concrete to reduce the dilemma of its disposal on huge amounts, decrease the quantities of natural materials used in concrete assembly and produce a lower carbon footprint concrete. Hence, the CSW were divided into three parts, the first part contains the fraction of fine particles (< 80 µm) (residue 1), the second part contains the entire CSW (residue 2) and the third part contains the rest of CSW after the elimination of residue 1 by sieving (residue 3). Then, the introduction of CSW into concrete was achieved, on one hand, by replacing 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% of cement by residue 1 and, on the other hand, by substituting 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of river sand and crushed sand by residues 2 and 3, separately. In order to qualify and analyze the behavior of this residues in the company of other components of concrete, several chemical and physical characteristics of CSW were evaluated. In addition, CSW were characterized by x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spec - trometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The various constituents used in the manufacturing of concrete were characterized physically including particle size distribution, fineness modulus, cleanliness of the sand, flattening coefficient, hardness, apparent density and actual density to conclude the formulation used for the development of the specimens. In addition, the properties of fresh and hardened concretes were also investi - gated, including Abrams cone subsidence, density and compressive strength. The outcome of this study concludes that modest amounts of CSW improve the physical properties of concretes and consequently their compressive strength, especially at 90 days, whatever the type of martial being substituted. Thus, the introduction of residue 1 into the cement must not exceed 2%, the replacement of residue 2 by river and crushed sands can be done at rates up to 5 and 10%, respectively, while the residue 3 can only substitute river sand at a rate up to 10%.
{"title":"Technical Feasibility of the Reuse of Dry Concrete Slurry Waste in Concrete Fabrication","authors":"Naamane Sara, Saidi Hassani Alaoui Mohamed, Taleb Mustapha, Rais Zakia","doi":"10.12912/27197050/186617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/186617","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete slurry waste (CSW) is an industrial by-product retrieved in large quantities from ready-mix concrete plants. The present work aims to study the feasibility of the incorporation of this residue in the production of concrete to reduce the dilemma of its disposal on huge amounts, decrease the quantities of natural materials used in concrete assembly and produce a lower carbon footprint concrete. Hence, the CSW were divided into three parts, the first part contains the fraction of fine particles (< 80 µm) (residue 1), the second part contains the entire CSW (residue 2) and the third part contains the rest of CSW after the elimination of residue 1 by sieving (residue 3). Then, the introduction of CSW into concrete was achieved, on one hand, by replacing 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% of cement by residue 1 and, on the other hand, by substituting 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of river sand and crushed sand by residues 2 and 3, separately. In order to qualify and analyze the behavior of this residues in the company of other components of concrete, several chemical and physical characteristics of CSW were evaluated. In addition, CSW were characterized by x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spec - trometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The various constituents used in the manufacturing of concrete were characterized physically including particle size distribution, fineness modulus, cleanliness of the sand, flattening coefficient, hardness, apparent density and actual density to conclude the formulation used for the development of the specimens. In addition, the properties of fresh and hardened concretes were also investi - gated, including Abrams cone subsidence, density and compressive strength. The outcome of this study concludes that modest amounts of CSW improve the physical properties of concretes and consequently their compressive strength, especially at 90 days, whatever the type of martial being substituted. Thus, the introduction of residue 1 into the cement must not exceed 2%, the replacement of residue 2 by river and crushed sands can be done at rates up to 5 and 10%, respectively, while the residue 3 can only substitute river sand at a rate up to 10%.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/186547
Abdelbaset Midaoui, Malika El-Hamdouny, Abdenbi Elaloui, M. Karroum, A. Boudhar, A. Lahrach
This study aimed to assess the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in northern Morocco’s Upper Oum Er-Rbia Basin (UOER). In such a semi-arid context, groundwater resources are crucial to sustaining essential human activities, but they are under stress due to increased overuse and climate change. This investigation utilized remote sensing in a GIS framework along with a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the first time in this region. Ten thematic layers were created, representing the most significant parameters, which were then weighted and overlaid. The output map shows five levels of potential: very low, low, medium, high, and very high, covering 12%, 19%, 20%, 27%, and 22% of the basin area, respectively. Comparing the assessment results to the borehole yield, the AUC-ROC curve showed a value of 84.5%, which testifies to the excellent performance of the methodology used. Of the 10 criteria used, lithology was shown to be the most significant factor, followed by LULC, slope, and geomorphology. The study results offer an extensive insight into the hydrogeological potential of the UOER basin. These findings are essential for decision-makers and encourage the efficient utilization of groundwater resources, thus supporting broader objectives of sustainable development.
{"title":"Groundwater Potential Assessment in the Upper Oum Er-Rbia Basin, Northern Morocco","authors":"Abdelbaset Midaoui, Malika El-Hamdouny, Abdenbi Elaloui, M. Karroum, A. Boudhar, A. Lahrach","doi":"10.12912/27197050/186547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/186547","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in northern Morocco’s Upper Oum Er-Rbia Basin (UOER). In such a semi-arid context, groundwater resources are crucial to sustaining essential human activities, but they are under stress due to increased overuse and climate change. This investigation utilized remote sensing in a GIS framework along with a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the first time in this region. Ten thematic layers were created, representing the most significant parameters, which were then weighted and overlaid. The output map shows five levels of potential: very low, low, medium, high, and very high, covering 12%, 19%, 20%, 27%, and 22% of the basin area, respectively. Comparing the assessment results to the borehole yield, the AUC-ROC curve showed a value of 84.5%, which testifies to the excellent performance of the methodology used. Of the 10 criteria used, lithology was shown to be the most significant factor, followed by LULC, slope, and geomorphology. The study results offer an extensive insight into the hydrogeological potential of the UOER basin. These findings are essential for decision-makers and encourage the efficient utilization of groundwater resources, thus supporting broader objectives of sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/186905
Abdesslam Bihaoui, Abderrazak Idir, Ayoub Nouri, Hayat Talbi, A. Haddioui, Soumaya Hammada
In Morocco, the Tamaricaceae family is represented by six species belonging to the Tamarix genus. including Tamarix africana which is utilized in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This study aims to compare and evaluate the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Tamarix africana leaf and flower extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction using five solvents of increasing polarity. The highest extraction yield was obtained with methanol for the leaves and flowers. Indeed, the results indicate that methanolic extracts contained the highest concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids for both organs (Poly - phenols: 101.80 mg GAE/g DW in the leaf extract and 50.55 mg GAE/g DW in the flower extract. Flavonoids: 990.723 µg RE/g DW in the leaf extract and 630.84 µg RE/g DW in the flower extract). The results of antioxidant activity revealed that the aqueous extract of leaves and flowers of T. africana (IC 50 : 1.89 µg/mL and 3.175 µg/ mL respectively) had higher antioxidant activities than ascorbic acid. Concerning the antibacterial study, Bacillus subtilis showed resistance to the tested extracts. However, for the Citrobacter freundii strain, inhibition zones of 14 mm were recorded by the aqueous extract of flowers. On the other hand, the strong inhibition zones recorded against the Enterococcus faecalis strain, were 13 mm recorded by the leaves methanolic extract. Regarding the MIC, it is 6.25 mg/ml for the two strains. Concerning MBC, the results showed that the extracts are bacteriostatic in nature against Citrobacter freundii and Enterococcus faecalis . Thus, Tamarix africana seems to be a potential source of active molecules that could constitute a new alternative for medical and industrial use.
{"title":"Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Tamarix africana: Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities Assessment","authors":"Abdesslam Bihaoui, Abderrazak Idir, Ayoub Nouri, Hayat Talbi, A. Haddioui, Soumaya Hammada","doi":"10.12912/27197050/186905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/186905","url":null,"abstract":"In Morocco, the Tamaricaceae family is represented by six species belonging to the Tamarix genus. including Tamarix africana which is utilized in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This study aims to compare and evaluate the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Tamarix africana leaf and flower extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction using five solvents of increasing polarity. The highest extraction yield was obtained with methanol for the leaves and flowers. Indeed, the results indicate that methanolic extracts contained the highest concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids for both organs (Poly - phenols: 101.80 mg GAE/g DW in the leaf extract and 50.55 mg GAE/g DW in the flower extract. Flavonoids: 990.723 µg RE/g DW in the leaf extract and 630.84 µg RE/g DW in the flower extract). The results of antioxidant activity revealed that the aqueous extract of leaves and flowers of T. africana (IC 50 : 1.89 µg/mL and 3.175 µg/ mL respectively) had higher antioxidant activities than ascorbic acid. Concerning the antibacterial study, Bacillus subtilis showed resistance to the tested extracts. However, for the Citrobacter freundii strain, inhibition zones of 14 mm were recorded by the aqueous extract of flowers. On the other hand, the strong inhibition zones recorded against the Enterococcus faecalis strain, were 13 mm recorded by the leaves methanolic extract. Regarding the MIC, it is 6.25 mg/ml for the two strains. Concerning MBC, the results showed that the extracts are bacteriostatic in nature against Citrobacter freundii and Enterococcus faecalis . Thus, Tamarix africana seems to be a potential source of active molecules that could constitute a new alternative for medical and industrial use.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/186904
Asmae Sanad, Bensemlali Meryem, Hatimi Badreddine, Fatima Zahra Chajri, Joudi Meryeme, Aarfane Abdellatif, Labjar Najoua, Mina Bakasse, H. Nasrellah
Agricultural residue emerges as a cost-effective and readily available option for the adsorption of dyes, owing to its affordability and efficacy. The purpose of our study focuses on the methylene blue dye (MB) removal using chemically modified jujube stone (MJS) as an adsorbent. The MJS underwent characterization through multiple methodologies including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The research system - atically investigated contact time, PH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage impact to optimize the removal efficiency. Experimental findings demonstrated that the MJS adsorbent achieved a dye removal efficiency of approximately 94% under batch mode and room temperature conditions. Kinetic analysis revealed an equilibrium time of around 70 minutes. Remarkably, this study unveils the novel application of chemically customized jujube stone a highly effective adsorbent for removing methylene blue dye. Applying the pseudo-second-order model provides the most precise description for methylene blue (MB) adsorption onto MJS. The modeling of adsorption isotherms indicated conformity to the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study shows a negative value of ΔG, which demonstrates spontaneous MB adsorption into MJS, while a positive value of ΔH implies an endothermic adsorption process.
{"title":"Removal of Methylene Blue by Low-Cost Adsorbent Prepared from Jujube Stones: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies","authors":"Asmae Sanad, Bensemlali Meryem, Hatimi Badreddine, Fatima Zahra Chajri, Joudi Meryeme, Aarfane Abdellatif, Labjar Najoua, Mina Bakasse, H. Nasrellah","doi":"10.12912/27197050/186904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/186904","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural residue emerges as a cost-effective and readily available option for the adsorption of dyes, owing to its affordability and efficacy. The purpose of our study focuses on the methylene blue dye (MB) removal using chemically modified jujube stone (MJS) as an adsorbent. The MJS underwent characterization through multiple methodologies including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The research system - atically investigated contact time, PH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage impact to optimize the removal efficiency. Experimental findings demonstrated that the MJS adsorbent achieved a dye removal efficiency of approximately 94% under batch mode and room temperature conditions. Kinetic analysis revealed an equilibrium time of around 70 minutes. Remarkably, this study unveils the novel application of chemically customized jujube stone a highly effective adsorbent for removing methylene blue dye. Applying the pseudo-second-order model provides the most precise description for methylene blue (MB) adsorption onto MJS. The modeling of adsorption isotherms indicated conformity to the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study shows a negative value of ΔG, which demonstrates spontaneous MB adsorption into MJS, while a positive value of ΔH implies an endothermic adsorption process.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/187838
S. Abubaker, I. Qrunfleh, Mohamad Shatnawi, T. G. Ammari, Hazem S. Hasan, A. Tawaha
The research was conducted within a greenhouse setting to explore the impact of various compost tea application rates on the growth of ‘Hazera 395’ tomatoes. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the efficacy of soil-applied compost tea versus foliar application methods, all conducted under greenhouse conditions. Utilizing a split-plot design with three replications, soil and foliar applications were designated as main plots, while six compost tea concentration treatments (v/v) were allocated to sub-main plots. These concentrations included: zero treatment (control), as well as extracts of 1:1, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, and 1:100 compost to water ratios. Notably, soil-applied compost tea significantly enhanced nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) availability compared to foliar application. Moreover, the 1:25 compost tea extract, whether applied to soil or foliage, notably improved vegetative growth parameters such as stem internode count, plant height, and leaf count per plant. Both soil and foliar application of compost tea resulted in significant increases in yield and average fruit weight. In summary, this research advances scientific knowledge by elucidating the effects of compost tea application rates and methods on tomato growth under controlled greenhouse conditions, offering valuable insights for agricultural practices aimed at improving crop productivity and sustainability.
{"title":"The Effect of Compost Tea on Some Growth and Yield Parameters and Soil Chemical Properties of Greenhouse Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"S. Abubaker, I. Qrunfleh, Mohamad Shatnawi, T. G. Ammari, Hazem S. Hasan, A. Tawaha","doi":"10.12912/27197050/187838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/187838","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted within a greenhouse setting to explore the impact of various compost tea application rates on the growth of ‘Hazera 395’ tomatoes. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the efficacy of soil-applied compost tea versus foliar application methods, all conducted under greenhouse conditions. Utilizing a split-plot design with three replications, soil and foliar applications were designated as main plots, while six compost tea concentration treatments (v/v) were allocated to sub-main plots. These concentrations included: zero treatment (control), as well as extracts of 1:1, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, and 1:100 compost to water ratios. Notably, soil-applied compost tea significantly enhanced nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) availability compared to foliar application. Moreover, the 1:25 compost tea extract, whether applied to soil or foliage, notably improved vegetative growth parameters such as stem internode count, plant height, and leaf count per plant. Both soil and foliar application of compost tea resulted in significant increases in yield and average fruit weight. In summary, this research advances scientific knowledge by elucidating the effects of compost tea application rates and methods on tomato growth under controlled greenhouse conditions, offering valuable insights for agricultural practices aimed at improving crop productivity and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"102 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Restoring soil fertility and protecting it from pollution are complex scientific tasks of our time that require a set of physical, chemical and biological measures. An important theoretical and applied aspect is the development of new remediation methods to reduce soil degradation processes under the influence of chemical pollution. The publication analyzes the ecological features of the energy crops Miscanthus giganteus L. and Phalaris arundinacea L. as phytoremediation agents of soils contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, and oil products. The content of toxicants in contaminated soils as a result of energy crops cultivation has significantly decreased, in particular, the content of mobile forms and the mass fraction of heavy metals. The greatest decrease was observed in the content of mobile forms of chromium: in the area contaminated with petroleum products by 0.55 mg/kg when growing reeds and by 1.06 mg/kg when growing miscanthus, and in the area contaminated with pesticides by 3.65 and 5.25 mg/kg, respectively. The gross stibium content decreased in the area contaminated with oil products by 60 mg/kg when growing reeds and by 69.61 mg/kg of soil when growing miscanthus, and by 65.68 and 78.35 mg/kg in the area contaminated with pesticides. The concentration of cadmium in the studied plots where energy crops were grown decreased in the range of 0.131–0.193 mg/kg when growing Phalaris arundinacea L. and by 0.187–0.312 mg/kg when growing Miscanthus giganteus L., respectively. The content of organic pollutants was also significantly reduced.
{"title":"Phytoremediation of Soils by Cultivation Miscanthus x Giganteus L. and Phalaris arundinacea L.","authors":"Ludmila Romantschuk, Nataliia Matviichuk, I. Mozharivska, Bogdan Matviichuk, Volodymyr Ustymenko, Oleksandra Tryboi","doi":"10.12912/27197050/186902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/186902","url":null,"abstract":"Restoring soil fertility and protecting it from pollution are complex scientific tasks of our time that require a set of physical, chemical and biological measures. An important theoretical and applied aspect is the development of new remediation methods to reduce soil degradation processes under the influence of chemical pollution. The publication analyzes the ecological features of the energy crops Miscanthus giganteus L. and Phalaris arundinacea L. as phytoremediation agents of soils contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, and oil products. The content of toxicants in contaminated soils as a result of energy crops cultivation has significantly decreased, in particular, the content of mobile forms and the mass fraction of heavy metals. The greatest decrease was observed in the content of mobile forms of chromium: in the area contaminated with petroleum products by 0.55 mg/kg when growing reeds and by 1.06 mg/kg when growing miscanthus, and in the area contaminated with pesticides by 3.65 and 5.25 mg/kg, respectively. The gross stibium content decreased in the area contaminated with oil products by 60 mg/kg when growing reeds and by 69.61 mg/kg of soil when growing miscanthus, and by 65.68 and 78.35 mg/kg in the area contaminated with pesticides. The concentration of cadmium in the studied plots where energy crops were grown decreased in the range of 0.131–0.193 mg/kg when growing Phalaris arundinacea L. and by 0.187–0.312 mg/kg when growing Miscanthus giganteus L., respectively. The content of organic pollutants was also significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.12912/27197050/187164
A. Babu, Biplab Sarkar
{"title":"Should India Adopt the Developed Countries Model of Electric Vehicles Diffusion?","authors":"A. Babu, Biplab Sarkar","doi":"10.12912/27197050/187164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/187164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":448145,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology","volume":"53 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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