Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

Background: Non-adherence to treatments increases the rates of hemodialysis complications, hospitalization, and mortality. One strategy for adherence improvement is peer education. This study aimed to investigate the effects of peer education on treatment adherence among patients receiving hemodialysis.

Materials and methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients in the control group were provided just with routine care, and the intervention group received peer education. Treatment adherence was assessed both before and after the intervention via the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Adherence Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted by the Chi-square, the Mann-Whitney U, the paired-sample t, and the independent-sample t tests.

Results: There were no significant between-group differences in terms of the pre-test mean scores of Adherence to regular attendance at hemodialysis sessions (t = 0.19, p = 0.85), Adherence to the prescribed medications (t = 0.46, p = 0.64), and Adherence to fluid restrictions (t = 0.24, p = 0.81). The same finding was observed after the intervention, except for the mean score of the adherence to fluid restrictions dimension which was significantly greater in the intervention group (t = 2.86, p = 0.006). Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the mean scores of treatment adherence dimensions in the control group. However, in the intervention group, the mean scores of the adherence to regular attendance at hemodialysis sessions (t = 3.79, p < 0.001) and the adherence to fluid restrictions dimensions were significantly greater than their pre-test values (t = 4.47, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Education by peer groups improves the compliance of patients with regard to the consumption of fluids in the interval between two dialysis sessions.

Background: Obesity is a significant health problem worldwide and an alarming problem in the developed world including the United States of America and European populations. Subsequently, obesity can lead to different health problems, such as non-communicable diseases. However, it can be prevented through a healthy diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification. The study's purpose was to analyze the published literature on community-based obesity interventions and to present a comprehensive summary of how to reduce the body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC) among overweight and obese individuals in the community through health education and behavior interventions.

Material and methods: The meta-analysis was conducted in February-July 2021, searching CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases. Studies published during the prior 12 years on community-based obesity intervention for weight, BMI, and WC were included in this review. Cochrane Revman software was used for meta-analysis.

Results: Seventeen studies met the selection criteria for the review. A meta-analysis of the studies on health education and behavioral intervention studies resulted in a statistically significant reduction at 95% confidence intervals in the mean differences of BMI -1.19 (-1.77, -0.62) and WC -1.11 (-1.54, -0.68).

Conclusions: Community-based obesity interventions through health education and behavior interventions effectively reduce the body weight, BMI, and WC. Implementing community-based health education and behavioral interventions effectively prevents and treats obesity in communities.

Background: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease that has become an international public health concern. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate pregnant women's perception of COVID-19 based on the health belief model in Isfahan.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study includes 100 pregnant women selected by random sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire on the Porsline website. This questionnaire examines the knowledge and structures of the health belief model, including perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived barriers and benefits, and self-efficacy regarding the prevention of COVID-19. Data were analyzed using analytical tests such as independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The significance level was considered to be <0.05.

Results: The results showed that the knowledge of COVID-19 and preventative methods was at a reasonable level among most women (77%). Also, there was a significant correlation between education and self-efficacy. Based on the findings, the mean score of knowledge (F_1,99 = 0.116, p = 0.04) and the mean score of perceived susceptibility (F_1,99 = 0.02, p < 0.001) of mothers who were pregnant for the first time were significantly higher than mothers who were pregnant for the second time or more.

Conclusions: The perceived severity and susceptibility scores were higher than other constructs, indicating women's proper understanding of the risks of COVID-19. However, half of them stated that they do not go to receive services, and this issue can have adverse consequences. The researchers recommend planning to improve other model constructs, such as self-efficacy, for improving women's performance in receiving care.

Background: Bacterial infections are among the most serious infections worldwide. They can cause miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and ectopic pregnancy in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bacterial infections and pregnancy outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from January 2000 to December 2018 using appropriate keywords to identify related articles. The final related studies were selected and evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results: Results of this meta-analysis based on combining case-control studies showed that the presence of bacterial infections could lead increase in the odds of all pregnancy outcomes like premature infant birth (odd ratio [OR]: 1.50; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.39-1.61), preterm delivery (OR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.39-1.70), abortion (OR: 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.29), stillbirth (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.49), and ectopic pregnancy (OR: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05--1.19). The results showed that the Risk Ratio (RR) of preterm delivery in pregnant women with vaginal infections was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.46-1.67), whereas the RR of abortion was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.72-2.38).

Conclusions: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the presence of bacterial infections in pregnant women can lead increase in the risk of pregnancy outcomes especially, preterm delivery, abortion, stillbirth, and ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary for obstetricians and gynecologists to pay attention to the diagnosis of these infections in women before pregnancy and during pregnancy in order to prevent the consequences of these infections.

Background: Infertility is a psychological crisis for a couple, spouse, and their families. Due to the positive effects of spiritual intelligence on the positive adaptation and growth of the individual under difficult circumstances, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience in infertile couples in Isfahan.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on 162 infertile couples. Data were collected by the convenience sampling method from infertile couples referring to Infertility Centers in Isfahan through two standard questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods for quantitative variables. The relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience score was investigated using inferential statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The results showed that the mean age Standard Deviation (SD) of women and their spouses was 32.01 (5.86) and 36.30 (5.82) years, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive direct relationship between resilience score with total spiritual intelligence score (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and its dimensions Critical Existential Thinking (CET) (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), personal meaning production (PMP) (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), Transcendental Awareness (TA) (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), and Conscious State Expansion (CSE) (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). The PMP (t = 6.38, p < 0.001) and the CSE (t = 2.15, p = 0.03) were significant predictors of resilience scores.

Conclusions: The result of our study showed that couples with a higher level of spiritual intelligence had a better understanding of the problems and harms of primary infertility and would cope with it more efficiently.