Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

Background: Clinical competence in detecting complications is crucial for anesthesia nurses working in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). This study utilized the Delphi method to identify essential core competency-based learning objectives for this specialized nursing role. The research also aimed to develop a practical and implementable training program, encompassing appropriate pedagogical approaches and defining the required duration of training.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study employed a two-round Delphi method, with invitations extended to 50 faculty members and clinical anesthesia instructors in Iran. During the first round, participants assessed the learning objectives using a 5-point Likert scale. Subsequent to the initial Delphi round and data analysis, all items reaching a median score of at least four, in conjunction with newly proposed objectives, were categorized and presented for re-evaluation. To ascertain suitable teaching methods and the necessary number of sessions, two multiple-choice questions were posed at the conclusion of each round. Descriptive statistics, including median, interquartile range, frequency, and percentages, were used for data analysis.

Results: A total of 37 out of 50 panel members (74%) participated in both rounds of the Delphi study. Consensus was reached on 95 learning objectives. To achieve the learning objectives in each group, specific teaching methods were selected. The proposed number of sessions to achieve the objectives totaled 10 sessions, equivalent to 15 hours.

Conclusions: A supplementary training program for PACU care was developed using the Delphi method to enhance the clinical competence of anesthesia nurses.

Background: Nurses play a crucial role in providing care in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This study aimed to compare the time spent and types of direct and indirect nursing care provided to patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in the ICU of Hafthome-Tir Hospital, Tehran, in 2022. The activities of 42 randomly selected nurses were continuously observed and recorded, focusing on direct and indirect care as per the revised International Classification for Nursing Practice checklist. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test (p > 0.05).

Results: The data showed that the highest average time for direct care spent on cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 27.30 (6.10) minutes, while the least time for deltoid injections was 4.8 (2.9) minutes. In indirect care, the most time was spent writing reports, 34.90 (10.50) minutes, and the least time spent removing personal protective equipment was 6.11 (3.19) minutes. During data collection, 19 procedures were added to the nursing care checklist due to COVID-19. A dependent t-test showed a significant difference between direct and indirect ICU nursing care (t= -6.62, df = 41, p < 0.001), indicating more time was spent on indirect care.

Conclusions: The findings showed indirect care was provided more frequently than direct care, highlighting the need to reassess nursing care delivery methods. The increased demand for indirect care is attributed to time and staffing shortages, along with a rise in patient numbers and hospitalizations compared to pre-COVID conditions.

Background: Delusions are common positive symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Individuals with delusional disorders have different experiences in memory and beliefs. Exploring patients' delusional beliefs is crucial to ascertaining appropriate psychotherapy programs. A few studies have explored the meanings of delusions for delusional patients. This study explores how schizophrenic patients lived experiences about their delusional beliefs.

Materials and methods: The study was carried out at a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia in 2021. The participants included 30 adult schizophrenic patients who had delusional life experiences and were able to communicate. Open-ended questions and probes were applied during in-depth interviews. We interviewed family members as well to improve the rigor of the research. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used in this study.

Results: The patients' clinical history revealed the experiences of failure and loss. Two main themes shaping their delusional experiences included demonic forces and magical powers.

Conclusions: Patients with delusions had similar themes, but each had a different specific experience. The findings suggest that each patient may require a unique cognitive therapy based on their experience.

Background: The transition to motherhood is a critical developmental milestone in a woman's life, influenced by various factors, including gender role attitudes, which shape maternal behaviors and identity formation. However, the relationship between gender role attitudes and maternal identity remains underexplored.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study examined the association between gender role attitudes and maternal identity among 263 postpartum adolescent mothers in northeastern Thailand. Participants were purposively selected between July 2021 and August 2022. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with strong psychometric properties, including sociodemographic data, the Gender Role Attitude Scale (Cronbach's α = 0.94), and the Maternal Identity Scale (Cronbach's α = 0.95). Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were conducted to assess potential associations.

Results: The mean age of participants was 18.7 (1.29) years, and the mean age of their infants was 4.89 (0.39) months. Participants exhibited predominantly egalitarian gender role attitudes, with a mean score of 3.57 (0.48) and reported a high level of maternal identity, with a mean score of 4.57 (0.64). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between egalitarian gender role attitudes and maternal identity (Pearson's r = 0.45, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: This study highlights the significant association between egalitarian gender role attitudes and a strong maternal identity among adolescent mothers. These findings suggest that fostering egalitarian gender role attitudes may support maternal identity development and improve maternal and child wellbeing.

Background: Patients with cardiovascular diseases who also suffer from substance use disorders face distinct challenges in nursing care. Similarly, nurses encounter various caregiving challenges. Therefore, this study aims to explore the nursing care process for patients with co-occurring cardiovascular diseases and substance use disorders.

Materials and methods: This grounded theory study, informed by Strauss and Corbin (2015), was conducted at the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences in 2023. The participants consisted of 23 nurses, patients, and other treatment team members, who were purposefully selected from the cardiac and internal cardiac intensive care units of hospitals in Iran. A total of 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, with the primary question being: "How is nursing care provided to cardiac patients with substance use disorders?" The primary analysis strategies employed included constant comparison, data questioning, and memo writing.

Results: The analysis revealed six main categories: the complexity of care, an inappropriate work environment, and insufficient nurse competency as conditions; discrimination in care and informal care as strategies; and nurse-patient dissatisfaction as consequences. Based on the findings, nurses employ unstructured care to address their most pressing concerns.

Conclusions: Nurses encounter various challenges when caring for patients who receive ineffective and unstructured care, which often leads to adverse outcomes. Consequently, developing appropriate care guidelines is essential. Based on the study's findings, nurses, managers, and researchers can collaborate to enhance care quality and improve nurses' professional competence.

Background: Obesity among girls can cause physical, psychological, or social problems. Different cultures have different lifestyle and dietary habits which affect people's experience about obesity. This study aimed to assess girls' experience toward obesity.

Materials and methods: In 2023, a qualitative conventional content analysis method was used in this study to meet the study's objective in Baghdad and Babylon, Iraq. A probability purposive sampling method was used to gather the sample from three high schools in two cities across Iraq. The main question of the interview was follows: how do girls think about their body weight? A total of 29 girls participated in the study. Four girls withdrew, so 25 girls were included in data analysis using Saldana's coding method.

Results: The data revealed three themes: perceptions about body weight, community insight toward features of the body, and attitudes about body weight.

Conclusions: Iraqi teenage girls have different perceptions regarding obesity. Even their satisfactions about their body weight varies. Increasing teenage girls' awareness about obesity can play a crucial role in changing their perceptions toward obesity. Conducting further studies is recommended to find out the relationships between Iraqi girls' experience and factors that lead to obesity.

Background: Visiting patients in special care units can effect depression, anxiety, and stress patients and their families. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of Scheduled Visitation Policy on depression, anxiety, and stress among the family members of patients with Open Heart Surgery (OHS).

Materials and methods: This randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 66 family members of patients with OHS. They were randomly allocated to two groups of intervention (n = 33) and control (n = 33) through permuted block randomization. Participants in the intervention group received scheduled visitation policy in three 30-minute sessions for 3 consecutive days after OHS, and their counterparts in the control group were treated with routine restricted visitation. All participants completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale DASS-21 before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, paired-sample t-test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (p < 0.05).

Results: The mean [standard deviation (SD)] of depression, anxiety, and stress did not change in the control group, while it significantly decreased in the intervention group [2.27 (4.06) vs 11.97 (7.13), 2.52 (3.26) vs 11.67 (7.36), and 2.45 (4.11) vs 12.93 (6.80), respectively; p < 0.05]. Consequently, ANCOVA test showed the mean posttest scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in the intervention group were significantly less than those in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Scheduled visitation policy significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress among the family members of patients with OHS. Patient-centered and family-centered interventions are needed to reduce psychological strains.

Background: Resilience is a multidimensional concept that explains why some individuals who face adversity, stress, and health-threatening factors are able to adapt and achieve positive outcomes. This study aims to "explain the experience of resilience in informal caregivers of patients with Gastrointestinal cancer."

Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between March and September 2023. The participants included 11 informal caregivers of patients with Gastrointestinal cancer, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis followed the three-step method proposed by Elo and Kyngäs.

Results: The data analysis revealed five main themes, including emotional self-regulation, care competency, spiritual health, social intelligence, and flourishing.

Conclusions: Informal caregivers, when faced with the caregiving experience, endure and grow through hardships by possessing traits such as optimism, hopefulness, and acceptance, and skills like problem-solving and relationship management.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a global public health concern that can negatively impact maternal and fetal outcomes. It is a major health concern among antenatal mothers in India, and there is substantial variation in the prevalence of anemia in different parts of India. Understanding the problems in the regions of the country can help devise locally viable plans to mitigate the problem, and this study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia among antenatal women in north-western India.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study involving convenient selection of antenatal women was conducted in selected hospitals in Punjab, India, between July 2022 and December 2022. The data were collected using structured questionnaires. The prevalence of anemia and its contributing factors were ascertained using descriptive statistics as well as bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses.

Results: Out Of 300 pregnant women evaluated for anemia, 70.7% had anemia; 35.71%, 27.33%, and 7.75% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Educational level (χ ² = 21.90, df = 299, p = 0.01) and family income level (χ ² = 12.46, df = 299, p = 0.006) were associated with anemia among antenatal women. Parity (χ ² = 15.58, df = 299, p = 0.01), gestational age (χ ² = 14.95, df = 299, p = 0.02), and consumption of iron and folic acid tablets (t ₂₉₉ = 60.56, p < 0.001) were pregnancy-related factors significantly associated with anemia.

Conclusions: According to this study, anemia in pregnant women is highly prevalent in north-western India and has a number of modifiable contributing factors. These factors should be considered for the prevention and control of anemia in pregnant women during antenatal care and visits.

Background: Faculty members and medical staff are prone to burnout syndrome. Burnout has harmful consequences for the organization, society, and individual life. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine burnout and its related factors among faculty members and medical staff at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 medical faculty members and medical staff at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences in 2022. Stratified sampling was conducted. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and interpreted using the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results: The total burnout score of medical staff and faculty members was 53.78 (15.43) and 50.85 (13.18) out of 135, respectively, with no significant difference between them (p = 0.192). The majority of faculty members had moderate Emotional Exhaustion (EE) (46.64%), high depersonalization (DP) (71.67%), and low Personal Accomplishment (PA) (56.67%), while the majority of medical staff had high EE (49.71%), high DP (60.0%), and low PA. The workload factor in medical staff and faculty members, which had the highest score, showed a direct and significant relationship with the burnout score. The communication factor among medical staff and faculty members had an inverse and significant relationship with the burnout score.

Conclusions: Faculty members and medical staff experienced an average level of burnout, which is worth considering. According to the results, university administrators should take appropriate actions to reduce burnout.