Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

Background: The professionalization of nursing is one of the goals of academic education, which needs to be nurtured during education, so this research was conducted to study the views and experiences of nursing students and instructors regarding professional growth through role mode nursing instructors.

Materials and methods: This was a qualitative study with directed content analysis based on the growing up and role modeling theory in nursing students' education, which was conducted at two universities in Iran from April to September 2021. The participants included 16 undergraduate, master's, and PhD students, and nursing instructors selected using purposeful sampling with maximum diversity. The data were collected through in-depth interviews.

Results: From the data analysis, 689 unrefined primary codes and 76 integrated codes were extracted. The three subcategories of the previous study included "effort to improve educational quality," "clinical effectiveness," and "promotion of professional status." Generic categories were formed based on the grouping of codes. "Effort to improve educational quality" included the six generic categories of educational effectiveness, effective classroom management, comprehensive evaluation, adherence to educational rules, application of knowledge, and efforts to promote research. "Clinical effectiveness" included the generic category of effective clinical training. "Promotion of professional status" included the two generic categories of effective professional interactions and striving for professional independence.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that role model nursing instructors can increase the students' abilities, and thus, facilitate their professional growth through a combination of strategies based on the generic categories mentioned.

Background: Although shorter labors are the benefits of Early Amniotomy (EA), it may lead to risks such as non-reassuring fetal testing and cesarean delivery. Also, the effect of cervical ripening to induce labor before amniotomy is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of EA on the delivery outcome with or without cervical ripening.

Materials and methods: Bibliographic search was conducted without time limit until June 2020. PubMed, Scopus SID Magiran, Cochrane Library Science website, and ISI databases were searched with English and Farsi keywords, including amniotomy, delivery, induced, and pregnancy outcome.

Results: The meta-analysis on ten clinical trials showed that the incidence of cesarean section was lower (0.89% VS 0.94; relative risk, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-1.30) compared to the group without cervical ripening, and the time to induce labor was approximately 55 minutes (mean difference, 0.91 hour; 95% confidence interval, -1.43 to - 0.33).

Conclusions: If EA is performed in women after cervical ripening, the incidence of cesarean section will not increase, and the duration of labor will be reduced. A shorter delivery time is associated with perinatal benefits and greater maternal satisfaction. Furthermore, EA with cervical ripening may reduce monitoring time in busy hospitals with limited medical staff.

Background: Injuries caused by sharp objects are a major health risk for nurses. These injuries can be extremely dangerous and lead to various diseases. The purpose of this study was to establish the pooled prevalence of Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) among nurses in Iran.

Materials and methods: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible articles were searched from five electronic databases (Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and one search engine. A random effects model was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence. The heterogeneity of the sample was tested using the I² index, and the meta-regression function was used to evaluate variables suspected of heterogeneity at the 0.05 significance level. Finally, 21 articles were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (ver. 2.2.064).

Results: Based on the random-effects model, the frequency of NSIs among Iranian nurses is 18.70% (95% CI: 15.10%-22.90%). The highest frequency is recorded in a teaching hospital in Tehran in 2007 (19.80%; 95% CI: 16.40%-23.70%), and the lowest frequency was recorded in a teaching hospital in Tehran in 2008 (17.90%; 95% CI: 14.60%-21.80%). Sample size, mean age, and work experience were significantly associated with and mean and frequency of NSIs in nurses (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: NSIs occur in about one-fifth of nurses in Iranian hospitals. In addition to its cost burden, the increase in NSIs has negative consequences for nurses. Therefore, health policymakers and managers must take serious action to reduce these injuries.

Background: Infertility is one of the most common problems in the world; there is a growing demand for herbal medicines to treat infertility-related problems.

Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial with three groups was conducted, each with 30 participants. The first group was administered 1.5 grams of Carob daily, the second group was administered 1.5 grams of Ginseng daily, and the third group received a placebo. The treatment was administered for 12 weeks, and before and after the intervention, semen parameters, testosterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid hormones, and sexual function were evaluated. Sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire.

Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 34.83 (6.22), 34.60 (5.78), and 33.67 (5.82) years in Carob, Ginseng, and Placebo groups, respectively. The results showed that in the Carob group, the normal volume of semen (Z ₁₃₃ = 3.05, p = 0.02) and the normal shape of sperm (Z ₁₃₄ = 2.97, p = 0.01) increased significantly compared to the control group. In the Ginseng group, the normal volume (Z ₁₃₃ = 3.90, p = 0.001) and the normal viscosity of semen (Z ₁₃₃ = 2.36, p = 0.01) increased significantly compared to the control group.The Carob group showed a significant increase in normal sperm counts and testosterone hormone levels (Z ₁₃₁ = 2.81, p = 0.05). The Ginseng group demonstrated a significant improvement in orgasm function (H₂ = 6.14, p = 0.04) and the total score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) (H₂ = 5.8, p = 0.05).

Conclusions: Carob supplements are suggested to enhance some semen parameters and male sex hormones. For infertile men, Ginseng can be beneficial in improving sexual function.

Background: It seems that improving the spiritual dimension of cancer patients can play an effective role in their mental and emotional peace. Meanwhile, oncology ward nurses are one of the most important healthcare providers that can help improve patients' relationship with God due to their more interaction and communication with patients. For this reason, this study aimed at explaining nurses' spiritual needs in an oncology ward.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted based on the qualitative content analysis method. The participants included 11 nurses from the oncology ward of Seyed Al Shahada Hospital in Isfahan from 2021 to 2022. A semi-structured interview was administered to determine nurses' spiritual needs.

Results: Analysis of 11 interviews conducted with nurses revealed a total of four main codes, 13 sub-codes, and four sub-sub-codes. According to nurses' point of view, their spiritual needs can be classified into four dimensions as follows: communication with God, communication with oneself (intrapersonal communication), communication with others (interpersonal communication), and communication with environment. Administered interviews revealed the role of communication with God with six sub-codes as nurses' most important point of attention.

Conclusions: According to nurses' point of view, nurses' spiritual needs were divided into the dimensions of communication with God, communication with oneself, communication with others, and communication with environment. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously pay attention to oncology nurses' personal and social aspects to increase their spirituality.

Background: Because nurse prescription has numerous benefits for the health systems, in many countries around the world, nurses are given the right to prescribe medication. In Iran, the role of nurses in prescription drugs is not well understood, and nurses face various challenges in this regard.

Materials and methods: A qualitative content analysis methodology based on the Graneheim and Lundman model was used. Thirteen nurses working in medical wards of hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Science were selected to participate in this study by purposeful sampling. Participants were interviewed via telephone using a semi-structured tool. After thirteen interviews, data saturation was reached. Data collection was undertaken between April 2020 and April 2021.

Results: The results of this study are summarized in one theme, four categories, and ten subcategories. The theme extracted from the data analysis was "the practical challenges of nurse prescription," which included four main categories: structure challenges, personnel-related barriers, interprofessional separation, and society's attitudes.

Conclusions: The results of this study explain the barriers and practical challenges of nurse prescription in Iran. Identifying these challenges and barriers provides the necessary evidence for policymakers to remove and adjust these challenges and barriers. Moreover, the elimination of identified challenges will help nurses better perform their new roles and develop the nursing scope and profession.

Background: Although breakfast skipping among university students is a significant concern, its prevalence and the contributing factors among university students have received little attention in the literature. This study aims to determine the prevalence of skipping breakfast among Jordanian university students and examine the associated factors and variations in rates of skipping breakfast by day of the week.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students between March and May 2022 through a self-questionnaire. A convenience sample of 891 students was chosen at four Jordanian public universities. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The prevalence of skipping breakfast among university students was 66%. The reasons for skipping breakfast were having no time due to oversleeping and having no feeling of hunger (59% for both), followed by having no energy to prepare the breakfast and making no difference (49% and 48%), and not being able to afford to eat or buy breakfast (19%). There is a strong correlation between eating fast food and skipping breakfast. With whom the student eats breakfast is significantly associated with breakfast skipping, revealing that the highest percentages of skipping occur with friends. About 63% of students skipped breakfast through university days compared with 37% on the weekend, while 37% of them had breakfast through university days compared with 67% on the weekend.

Conclusions: A high percentage of university students in Jordan skip breakfast. More attention should be paid to correlating factors and developing interventions to help students adhere to the breakfast.

Background: Older adults encounter serious psychological challenges in addition to physical problems. Reducing stress and anxiety, along with promoting happiness, is critical to maintaining the mental health of the elderly. Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) will lead to peace of mind by relieving physical stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of JPMR on the anxiety and happiness of older adults.

Materials and methods: A single-group pretest-posttest design as a type of quasi-experimental study was conducted on 34 older adults living in a nursing home in Rasht, the north of Iran, in 2021. The intervention was performed one session per week, for 8 weeks. The research instruments included the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis.

Results: After the intervention, the Mean (Standard Deviation [SD](of anxiety was 4.91 (1.96), and the Mean (SD) (of happiness was 37.18 (7.92). The mean score of anxiety among older adults after the intervention was significantly lower compared to the before intervention (Z = -4.73, p < 0.001). In addition, the mean score of happiness of the samples after the intervention was significantly higher compared to the before intervention (Z = -5.09, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: JPMR has a positive effect on reducing anxiety and promoting happiness in the elderly. Developing training programs and allocating time to non-pharmacological treatments such as JPMR for the elderly living in nursing homes will help make them happier and healthier.

Background: There are insufficient and contradictory reports regarding the effect of delivery method on the rate of umbilical cord Nucleated Red Blood Cell (NRBC). Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the percentages of umbilical cord NRBC in vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section (C-section) in preterm neonates.

Materials and methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on mothers with vaginal delivery and C-section, from 2020 to 2021. The samples (n = 221) were preterm neonates selected using the convenience sampling method. The percentages of NRBC in neonates born by natural childbirth and by emergency C-section were measured and compared in this research. A researcher-made checklist, which included maternal and neonatal characteristics and laboratory evaluation, was used as a data collection tool.

Results: The statistical population of thisresearch included 93 (42.10%) and 128 (57.90%) neonates born by vaginal delivery and by C-section, respectively.The mean (SD) score of gestational ages at birth was 30.75 (2.81) weeks. The mean (SD) score of umbilical cord NRBC level were estimated at 8.01 (5.93) and 25.64 (22.61) for the neonates born by natural childbirth and by emergency C-section, respectively (t=-8.43, df = 150, p<0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed in the gestational age (t=-3.36, df = 218, p = 0.001), fifth-minute Apgar score (t=-2.32, df = 200, p = 0.021), umbilical cord NRBC (t=-8.43, df = 160, p<0.001), and short-term prognosis (p = 0.032) between the two groups. It was also revealed that the number of NRBCs in the dead neonates was about 1.5 times higher than that in the discharged neonates.

Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, emergency C-section increased the mean of umbilical cord NRBC by three times, compared to that of normal delivery. Since an increase in the NRBC raises the risk of infant death, it is advisable to take steps to maintain the health of children by identifying high-risk neonates through umbilical cord NRBC measurement immediately after delivery and special care.