Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

Background: Obesity among girls can cause physical, psychological, or social problems. Different cultures have different lifestyle and dietary habits which affect people's experience about obesity. This study aimed to assess girls' experience toward obesity.

Materials and methods: In 2023, a qualitative conventional content analysis method was used in this study to meet the study's objective in Baghdad and Babylon, Iraq. A probability purposive sampling method was used to gather the sample from three high schools in two cities across Iraq. The main question of the interview was follows: how do girls think about their body weight? A total of 29 girls participated in the study. Four girls withdrew, so 25 girls were included in data analysis using Saldana's coding method.

Results: The data revealed three themes: perceptions about body weight, community insight toward features of the body, and attitudes about body weight.

Conclusions: Iraqi teenage girls have different perceptions regarding obesity. Even their satisfactions about their body weight varies. Increasing teenage girls' awareness about obesity can play a crucial role in changing their perceptions toward obesity. Conducting further studies is recommended to find out the relationships between Iraqi girls' experience and factors that lead to obesity.

Background: Visiting patients in special care units can effect depression, anxiety, and stress patients and their families. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of Scheduled Visitation Policy on depression, anxiety, and stress among the family members of patients with Open Heart Surgery (OHS).

Materials and methods: This randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 66 family members of patients with OHS. They were randomly allocated to two groups of intervention (n = 33) and control (n = 33) through permuted block randomization. Participants in the intervention group received scheduled visitation policy in three 30-minute sessions for 3 consecutive days after OHS, and their counterparts in the control group were treated with routine restricted visitation. All participants completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale DASS-21 before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, paired-sample t-test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (p < 0.05).

Results: The mean [standard deviation (SD)] of depression, anxiety, and stress did not change in the control group, while it significantly decreased in the intervention group [2.27 (4.06) vs 11.97 (7.13), 2.52 (3.26) vs 11.67 (7.36), and 2.45 (4.11) vs 12.93 (6.80), respectively; p < 0.05]. Consequently, ANCOVA test showed the mean posttest scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in the intervention group were significantly less than those in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Scheduled visitation policy significantly reduced depression, anxiety, and stress among the family members of patients with OHS. Patient-centered and family-centered interventions are needed to reduce psychological strains.

Background: Resilience is a multidimensional concept that explains why some individuals who face adversity, stress, and health-threatening factors are able to adapt and achieve positive outcomes. This study aims to "explain the experience of resilience in informal caregivers of patients with Gastrointestinal cancer."

Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between March and September 2023. The participants included 11 informal caregivers of patients with Gastrointestinal cancer, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis followed the three-step method proposed by Elo and Kyngäs.

Results: The data analysis revealed five main themes, including emotional self-regulation, care competency, spiritual health, social intelligence, and flourishing.

Conclusions: Informal caregivers, when faced with the caregiving experience, endure and grow through hardships by possessing traits such as optimism, hopefulness, and acceptance, and skills like problem-solving and relationship management.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a global public health concern that can negatively impact maternal and fetal outcomes. It is a major health concern among antenatal mothers in India, and there is substantial variation in the prevalence of anemia in different parts of India. Understanding the problems in the regions of the country can help devise locally viable plans to mitigate the problem, and this study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia among antenatal women in north-western India.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study involving convenient selection of antenatal women was conducted in selected hospitals in Punjab, India, between July 2022 and December 2022. The data were collected using structured questionnaires. The prevalence of anemia and its contributing factors were ascertained using descriptive statistics as well as bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses.

Results: Out Of 300 pregnant women evaluated for anemia, 70.7% had anemia; 35.71%, 27.33%, and 7.75% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Educational level (χ ² = 21.90, df = 299, p = 0.01) and family income level (χ ² = 12.46, df = 299, p = 0.006) were associated with anemia among antenatal women. Parity (χ ² = 15.58, df = 299, p = 0.01), gestational age (χ ² = 14.95, df = 299, p = 0.02), and consumption of iron and folic acid tablets (t ₂₉₉ = 60.56, p < 0.001) were pregnancy-related factors significantly associated with anemia.

Conclusions: According to this study, anemia in pregnant women is highly prevalent in north-western India and has a number of modifiable contributing factors. These factors should be considered for the prevention and control of anemia in pregnant women during antenatal care and visits.

Background: Faculty members and medical staff are prone to burnout syndrome. Burnout has harmful consequences for the organization, society, and individual life. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine burnout and its related factors among faculty members and medical staff at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 medical faculty members and medical staff at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences in 2022. Stratified sampling was conducted. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and interpreted using the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results: The total burnout score of medical staff and faculty members was 53.78 (15.43) and 50.85 (13.18) out of 135, respectively, with no significant difference between them (p = 0.192). The majority of faculty members had moderate Emotional Exhaustion (EE) (46.64%), high depersonalization (DP) (71.67%), and low Personal Accomplishment (PA) (56.67%), while the majority of medical staff had high EE (49.71%), high DP (60.0%), and low PA. The workload factor in medical staff and faculty members, which had the highest score, showed a direct and significant relationship with the burnout score. The communication factor among medical staff and faculty members had an inverse and significant relationship with the burnout score.

Conclusions: Faculty members and medical staff experienced an average level of burnout, which is worth considering. According to the results, university administrators should take appropriate actions to reduce burnout.

Background: Some studies among orthognathic surgery candidates revealed that the patients doing orthognathic surgery suffer from Body Image Concern (BIC) and impaired Self-Esteem (SE) before and after surgery. Despite the merits behind orthognathic surgery, self-care training in such patients seems logical. The present study was performed to outline the effect of Mindful Self-Care Training on Body Image Concern and Self-Esteem of Patients before and after Orthognathic Surgery.

Materials and methods: This semiexperimental study with a pretest-posttest design was conducted in Babol-based Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 2020. The eligible patients, who were referred from the Orthognathic Surgery Clinic of Babol-located Shahid Beheshti Hospital, were conveniently divided into two 25-person groups. The BIC and SE were measured using the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) before and after holding eight 90-minute mindful self-care training sessions (before surgery) and 3 months after surgery (follow-up) in the two groups. The data were analyzed at the significance level of 0.05 using the independent t-test and Repeated Measure Analysis of Variance (RM -ANOVA) by SPSS-26.

Results: The findings revealed that in the intervention group, the mean score of the overall BIC after training (before surgery) and follow-up (3 months after surgery) decreased. The independent t-test showed that the mean score of the overall BIC after training and follow-up was significantly different between the two groups (t₄₈ = 1.68, p = 0.02) and (t₄₈ = 3.64, p = 0.001), respectively. Also, the mean score of the SE increased after training and follow-up in the intervention group. The independent t-test indicated that the mean score of the SE after training and follow-up meaningfully differed between the two groups (t₄₈ = 3.93, p < 0.001, t₄₈ = 5.40, p < 0.001). The RM-ANOVA results displayed significant differences in the overall BIC and SE in the two groups over time (F _(2,48) = 71.30, p < 0.001) and (F_2,48 = 38.17, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions: Considering the effects of mindful self-care training on the BIC and SE of the patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, it is proposed that presurgery mindful self-care training is useful and prevents common pre and postsurgery psychological problems among the patients as the orthognathic surgery candidates.

Background: In recent years, internet-based treatments have been considered reliable alternatives to face-to-face therapies. However, the advantages and disadvantages of using internet-based treatment in pregnant women require further study. The study investigated the challenges, advantages, and barriers of internet-based psychotherapy in the treatment of depression among Iranian pregnant women.

Materials and methods: In a content analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 20 participants from September 2022 to March 2023. The study included depressed pregnant women who had sought care at the midwifery centers of Babol University of Medical Sciences or specialized offices of gynecologists and midwives in Iran. The statistical population included 14 depressed pregnant women and six psychotherapists who were selected purposefully. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using framework analysis.

Results: A total of 294 codes were extracted. The results showed three main themes and their associated 13 subthemes. The first main theme, "Barriers to Internet-based Therapy," consists of various barriers faced by the participants. The second main theme, "Suggestions to Overcome Barriers," examines participants' suggested strategies for dealing with challenges. The third main theme, "Advantages of Online Therapy," highlights the perceived benefits of internet-based therapy.

Conclusions: To increase the effectiveness of online treatment in pregnant women, attention should be paid to improving technology, designing appropriate platforms, providing more education to patients, and implementing integrated approaches that combine face-to-face sessions with online treatment. Although online psychotherapies have their challenges, they have important benefits for pregnant women.

Background: Nurses faced serious challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploring nurses' experiences in caring for patients with COVID-19 can help address their challenges and improve the quality of care provided to patients. This study aimed to explore the burnout experienced by Iranian nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Sirjan.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020 using the conventional content analysis method. Granheim and Landman's approach was used for data analysis. Ten nurses providing care to patients with COVID-19 were selected through purposeful sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using MAXQDA software.

Results: Data analysis revealed ten primary categories, three subcategories, and one theme (burnout as a consequence of unavoidable care provision) extracted from the data analysis.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 outbreak and its challenges had a significant impact on nurses' mental health. Nurses were constantly concerned about their patients, their families, and their own well-being. A shortage of staff, equipment, and safe working conditions, along with organizational pressures, led to emotional exhaustion. Nurses also felt isolated due to negative reactions from their families, colleagues, and patients' families. These stressors had a cumulative effect, resulting in burnout that must be addressed by healthcare authorities to ensure the well-being of nurses and improve the quality of care provided.

Background: Physical activity is a key determinant of adolescent health. However, many female adolescents do not meet the recommended levels of activity. Although educational interventions have been implemented to address this issue, the role of maternal involvement in such programs has not been thoroughly examined. This study aims to bridge this gap by comparing the effects of two physical activity education programs on eighth-grade students' awareness, performance, and self-efficacy.

Materials and methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2020 on eighth-grade female students in Khomein, Iran. Six schools were randomly selected, and participants were randomly assigned to three groups: student, student-and-mother, and control. A total of 165 participants were included, with 55 individuals in each group. Data were collected using three questionnaires assessing physical activity awareness, self-efficacy, and performance. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Statistics analysis, including one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the groups. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics among the three groups. The changes in knowledge scores within the student and student-and-mother groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.288); however, both groups demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Regarding performance scores, the student-and-mother group showed a statistically significant improvement over the student group (p < 0.039), and both groups outperformed the control group significantly (p < 0.001). The difference in self-efficacy score in the student-and-mother group was more than that in the student group and was statistically significant, and was higher in both groups than in the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: This study highlights the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving students' awareness, performance, and self-efficacy, with maternal involvement serving as a key factor in enhancing these outcomes.

Background: Transition theory addresses the experiences of coping with changes in stages, roles, identities, situations, or positions. It emphasizes understanding the nature of these changes, facilitating and supporting the experience and response at various stages, and maintaining health before, during, or after the transition process. This study examined the effects of "transition theory-based interventions" on nursing care outcomes.

Materials and methods: This scoping review followed the methodology proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. A comprehensive search was conducted across ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar to identify studies where transition theory-based interventions were utilized as an independent variable in interventional designs. Identified studies underwent a four-stage screening process, and the final selection was made based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The screening process is detailed in the PRISMA diagram.

Results: Of the 476 articles initially identified, 24 were shortlisted for further review. After applying the inclusion criteria, 11 studies focusing on care interventions grounded in transition theory were included. These comprised five randomized clinical trials and six quasi-experimental studies. A synthesis of the findings revealed that transition theory-based interventions significantly improved various outcomes, including quality of life, hope, self-efficacy, readmission rates, caregiver burden, and role mastery.

Conclusions: Implementing nursing care interventions grounded in nursing theories, such as transition theory, is critical to bridging the gap between theory and practice. Transition theory-based care tailored to individuals undergoing diverse transitional experiences can enhance positive outcomes in nursing care.