Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

Background: General health and medication adherence is important to improve quality of life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy for appropriate medication use and general health of the retired elderly.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study conducted on 112 elderly referred to retirement centers in east of Guilan in North of Iran by random sampling method. Data were collected using a self-efficacy for appropriate medication use scale in the elderly, a general health questionnaire, and a personal information form. Data were analyzed by nonparametric tests and Spearman coefficient using SPSS software version 16 (SPSS software version 16, IBM company, Chicago, USA).

Results: The results showed that most of the elderly had good general health levels (64%) and high self-efficacy for appropriate medication use (83%). Self-efficacy for appropriate medication use was associated with general health (p < 0.05) and with increasing self-efficacy score for appropriate medication use by one unit, the odds of being healthy increased by 23%.

Conclusions: Based on results the higher the self-efficacy score, the lower the general health score.

Background: Resilience in stroke family caregivers is one of their most essential abilities to effectively adapt to complicated caregiving conditions. The present study was conducted to understand the family caregiver's perception of resilience in caring for stroke patients.

Materials and methods: This qualitative content analysis study was done in Besat Hospital of Hamadan, Iran in 2023. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 22 face-to-face interviews with 15 caregivers. Data saturation was ensured by conducting additional interviews with three more participants. The interviews, lasting an average of 45 minutes, were conducted in the examination room of the hospital's neurology ward. Data analysis was carried out using the Granheim and Landman approach. MAXQDA 10 software was utilized for data management.

Results: Following qualitative data analysis, 85 primary codes, 17 subcategories, and six overarching categories were identified: cognitive self-care, spiritual self-care, physical health, reinforcement of social relationships, seeking help from others, and meeting the patient's needs. Three main themes emerged: managing stress, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and addressing the patient's challenges.

Conclusions: The study revealed that family caregivers of stroke patients perceive resilience through coping with stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and addressing the patient's problems. These caregivers often struggle with the overwhelming responsibilities of caring for incapacitated patients, which can impact their resilience. The study's insights can be valuable for health policymakers and practitioners in improving training programs to support caregivers of chronic patients. To enrich the data, interviews were conducted with experts such as nurses, doctors, and family members of patients.

Background: Understanding the health information behavior of menopausal women can be effective on their health awareness and improving self-care and preventive health practices. This study aimed to gain deeper insights into the health information-seeking behavior of Iranian menopausal women.

Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023. Data were collected over 2 months, from June 15 to August 15, 2023. The participants were Iranian women aged 50 years and older at the time of the survey. An online questionnaire was developed and distributed through social media to assess the health information-seeking behavior of menopausal women. A total of 4,608 women, selected through cluster sampling, completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software using the Chi-square test.

Results: The primary information needs of women during menopause were related to cancer, other diseases, and diagnostic methods. In addition, social networks and friends were the most commonly used information sources among menopausal women. The main barriers to accessing information were the lack of knowledge about information sources, difficulties in obtaining accurate and reliable information, and insufficient information across various sources.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that women required various types of information, particularly regarding cancers, clinical symptoms of menopause, and nonhormonal treatments. Given the increasing use of social networks, training can be conducted through these platforms and further efforts are necessary to provide more reliable and comprehensive information via these media.

Background: Pregnant women are prone to experience anxiety and life-threatening problems such as hypertension. This study aims to compare the anxiety and perceived social support in hypertensive and healthy pregnant women in Khorramabad, western Iran.

Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 400 pregnant women aged 16-50 years (54 with hypertension and 346 without hypertension) who visited an obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Khorramabad, Iran, to receive routine prenatal care from September 2022 to March 2023. Their information was collected using a demographic/obstetrics form, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test, Pearson's correlation test, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: Most of the women were at the gestational age of 21-32 weeks (45.70% non-hypertensive and 35.20% hypertensive). Of 54 (13.50%) hypertension women, 51 (12.75%) had gestational hypertension and three (0.75%) had chronic hypertension. The hypertensive women were older than healthy women (34.09 vs. 31.77 years, p = 0.023). The mean BAI score was higher in hypertensive women (p < 0.001). The mean total score of MSPSS was higher in hypertensive women, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was a negative significant relationship between the BAI and MSPSS scores in both healthy (r = -0.13, p = 0.040) and hypertensive (r = -0.49, p = 0.001) groups. Hypertension could significantly predict about 41% of changes in anxiety.

Conclusions: Policy-makers and maternity care providers are recommended to develop targeted social support programs to help reduce the anxiety of hypertensive pregnant women.

Background: Families who assume the limitations and negative impacts of having an autistic child as a major stressor tend to have a severe stress level, which results in maladaptive family coping and low caring behavior, so failure of autistic children occurs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of family coping models based on stress assessment to caring behavior of school-aged autistic children.

Materials and methods: Quasi-experimental research was conducted on parents of 7-12 years old autistic children in center autism Surabaya, Indonesia. A large sample was used and the rule of thumb was used in sem, 9 indicators × 12 observed variables = 108. Parents were classified into a control group of 54 people without treatment and a control group of 54 people with treatment, who were given an application of randomly determined coping model. Data were collected from May to July 2022 using a questionnaire. Two-way test of variance using Wilcoxon signed ranks was used, and the difference test between groups uses Mann-Whitney U.

Results: The difference test between in the controlled group shows any significant differences in family coping (z = 0.13) and ability the care for school-age autistic children (z = 0.08). The difference test between samples in the treatment group shows that there are significant differences in family coping (z = 5.04) and ability to care for school-age children autistic (z = 5.08). The difference test between the control and treatment groups shows that there are significant differences in family coping (z = 5.75) and the ability to care for school-age children autistic (z = 7.00).

Conclusions: There is a significant difference on family coping and caring behavior between the control and treatment groups, which is going to be good. It was shown that creating an adaptive family coping was necessary.

Background: Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) require continuous self-care to manage potential complications and adverse effects of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Watson's care model on the self-care ability of these patients.

Materials and methods: This clinical trial was conducted between November 2021 and July 2022 on 72 patients with CHF at a cardiovascular research hospital in Esfahan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received care based on Watson's theory, which included audio recordings to reduce anxiety and enhance hope, individualized sessions to improve knowledge about the disease and its complications, and a 3-month telephone follow-up. Both groups completed a self-care ability questionnaire before, immediately after, and 3 months after intervention. Data were analyzed using statistical tests, including analysis of variance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, analysis of covariance, and paired t-test.

Results: The findings demonstrated a significant difference in the total self-care ability scores within the intervention group before, immediately after, and 3 months following the intervention (F _1,67 = 15.73, p < 0.001). Three months after the intervention, the mean self-care ability score was 77.65 in the control group and 123.82 in the intervention group.

Conclusions: The study suggests that a care program based on Watson's theory is an effective and cost-efficient approach to enhancing self-care ability in patients with CHF.

Background: Pain and sleep disturbances are among the most common symptoms and complications in cancer patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure at the LI4 and SP6 points on pain and sleep quality in cancer patients after surgery.

Materials and methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit at the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2022, following surgery, were divided into two equal groups of 39: an intervention group and a control group. On the second and third days after surgery, in the morning and evening, acupressure was applied bilaterally at the LI4 (hand) and SP6 (foot) points, in the experimental group. In the control group, surface touch was applied to the same points. Patients' pain was assessed using the visual analog scale of pain, and sleep quality was measured using the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results: Statistical analysis showed that the interaction effect of group and time was statistically significant (p < 0.001), indicating that pain reduction was significantly greater in the experimental group compared to the control patients. A paired t-test demonstrated a significant increase in sleep quality after the acupressure intervention in the experimental group (p < 0.001), whereas no significant change was observed in the control group (p = 0.124).

Conclusions: Acupressure was found to effectively reduce pain and improve sleep quality in cancer patients after surgery.

Background: The sexual health of cancer patients may be impaired by cancer diagnosis, treatment-related complications. The goal of this systematic review is to describe the interventions used to improve sexual health in Iranian cancer patients.

Materials and methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Iranian databases (Magiran, SID, NoorMags), and gray literature from their inception until 21 December 2023. Keywords include sexual health, sexuality, sexual activity, sexual function, cancer, neoplasm, tumor, malignancy, and Iran. The reference lists of articles were also searched. Trials were included that compared psychosexual interventions in adults aged 18 years or over with a cancer diagnosis versus usual care and other controls. These trials were conducted in Iran and were results published in Persian or English journals and reported sexual outcomes as the main findings. Two review authors independently considered trials for inclusion in the review, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data.

Results: All studies (n = 291) were reviewed and 20 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 18) focused on breast cancer patients and were conducted in Tehran (n = 11). The majority of studies were psychosexual interventions leading to positive effects in aspects of sexual health, including body image, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, sexual self-esteem, sexual schemas, sexual quality of life, and sexual desire.

Conclusions: The results showed that psychosexual interventions have been effective in improving the sexual health of cancer patients. Sexual health care should be an integral part of holistic, person-centered care for patients with cancer.

Background: The influential role of professional ethics on service provision has been paid attention globally, especially in dealing with healthcare staff. The present study aimed to determine the barriers to respect to the Professional Ethics Standards (PES) in nurses working in educational hospitals of University of Medical Sciences in the province of Yazd, Iran, in 2022.

Materials and methods: This study was quantitative cross-sectional. The participants (n = 170) were selected based on a stratified sampling policy, and data were collected using a standard questionnaire comprised of three managerial, environmental, and individual caregiving areas. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and ANOVA.

Results: There was a significant relationship between the nurses' service department and respect to the PES. While there was no significant relationship between nurses' demographic characteristics and barriers to respect to the PES. Among the identified challenges, environmental factors (72.09%), individual caregiving issues (58.72%), and managerial obstacles (58.38%) ranked highest, respectively. The most important challenges were included in staff shortage under the management category 4.26 (0.96), body physiological changes due to having the night shifts 4.11 (0.98) as an environmental category, and expected basic needs like adequate pay or rest 4.16 (1.01) in the caregiving category.

Conclusions: In conclusion, a balance between income and expenses, addressing shortages in personnel, and an efficient way to schedule shifts with minimal possible consequences from biological changes at work during the night shift would be the major implications that policymakers could take into consideration for optimizing the respect to the PES by nurses.

Background: Performing painful procedures in premature newborns are prevalent. This study compared the effect of the pressure massage of Hegu point with Kunlun-Taixi points on the pain of intramuscular injection in premature newborns.

Materials and methods: This triple-blind, parallel, clinical trial was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran. Participants included 100 premature newborns randomly assigned to four groups (n = 25). The intervention groups received a counterclockwise pressure massage of the Hegu or Kunlun-Taixi points for two minutes. The placebo group received a pressure massage of the tip of the nose. The control group received routine care. The Astrid Lindgren and Lund Children's Hospital Pain Scale was used to observe pain behaviors before, during, and after intramuscular injection of vitamin K. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.

Results: The mean (Standard Deviation) of pain scores during injection in the Hegu massage, Kunlun-Taixi massage, control, and placebo groups were 5.92 (1.99), 5.94 (1.75), 6.66 (1.45), and 6.56 (1.61), respectively. Despite the lower pain scores of the intervention groups compared to the control and placebo groups, their difference was not statistically significant (F = 1.32; p = 0.27).

Conclusions: Using pressure massage before intramuscular injection of vitamin K has no significant effect on intramuscular injection pain in premature newborns. It is suggested that future studies of massage be performed for a more extended period, along with other pain relief methods for premature newborns.