Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

Background: Children under the age of 5 years are most vulnerable to injuries. The mother is the best person to pass on learning to children, and mothers' knowledge of home injuries and preventive behaviors is an important factor in reducing these hazards. The present study examined the role of maternal education in the prevention of home hazards in children.

Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 70 mothers of 2- to 5-year-old children, who were referred to the community health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The participants were randomly selected and assigned to two groups. Data related to mothers' demographic information, knowledge, and performance were collected, and the Injury Behavior Checklist for children was filled.

Results: The findings of this study revealed that the mean (SD) of mothers' knowledge 99.80 (1.12) and performance 61.71 (21.75) increased significantly in the intervention group after the training course (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mean score obtained based on the children's risky behavior assessment checklist decreased significantly after the intervention (F = 181.35, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, establishing the role of educational intervention in preventing home hazards in 2- to 5-year-old children, it has been advised to conduct training courses for mothers to improve their performance in childcare.

Background: Family caregivers are the principal caregivers of patients with tracheostomy and can reduce the risk of re-hospitalization through giving quality care to their patients. Caregiving to patients with tracheostomy is a complex process influenced by many different factors. However, there are inadequate data about these factors, and hence, this study aimed at exploring the factors influencing long-term home care for patients with tracheostomy from the perspectives of their family caregivers.

Materials and methods: We conducted this descriptive qualitative study in 2023-2024. Participants were nine family caregivers, one patient with a tracheostomy history of three years, a home care nurse, and an anesthesiologist purposefully selected from Mazandaran, Iran. Data were collected through 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through conventional content analysis. The criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba were used to ensure trustworthiness.

Results: The three main categories of the factors influencing long-term home care for patients with tracheostomy were healthcare system dysfunction, challenges of tracheostomy care, and effective management of tracheostomy care. These three categories had 13 subcategories.

Conclusions: Careful attention to the special needs of patients with tracheostomy, close collaboration among healthcare professionals and family caregivers, and development of a strong support network are essential to reduce the challenges and complications of home-based caregiving to patients with tracheostomy.

Background: Ineffective hospital-to-home care transition (HHCT) can lead to the early rehospitalization of patients with stroke (PWS). Therefore, effective HHCT management is essential to maintain patient safety and reduce rehospitalization. This study was undertaken to examine the factors facilitating HHCT after stroke from the perspectives of all stakeholders involved in the process.

Materials and methods: This qualitative study was undertaken from 2023 to 2024 in Tehran, Iran, using conventional content analysis. Data were gathered via semistructured interviews with 23 healthcare clients, professionals, and policy-makers. The data were analyzed using Zhang and Wildemuth's 8-step conventional content analysis method.

Results: A total of 138 codes were generated and classified into eight subcategories and three categories. The categories were improvement of communication and education, maintenance of care continuity, and improvement of infrastructures.

Conclusions: Different interrelated factors facilitate the process of HHCT. These facilitators include effective communication and education, care continuity, patient-centered care, efficient information systems, quality community-based services, strong support, and clear HHCT guidelines. These findings can be used in designing strategies to improve care quality, reduce rehospitalization, and enhance safe patient management after discharge.

Background: Family caregivers of hemodialysis (HD) patients usually experience high and severe caregiver burden. A factor that may be related to the perceived caregiver burden is family functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between caregiver burden and family functioning among the family caregivers of HD patients.

Materials and methods: For this descriptive-correlational study, 160 family caregivers of HD patients in the HD units of five educational hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from 2023 to 2024, were selected through a convenience sampling method. The participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Family Caregivers of HD Patients, and the Family Assessment Device. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential methods.

Results: The mean (SD) scores of total caregiver burden and general functioning among family caregivers of HD patients were 3.40 (0.64) and 3.11 (0.58), respectively. The physical and psychological, mental, and total burden dimensions positively correlated with all family functioning dimensions. Mixed effect multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the caregiver's job, the patient's dependency on the family caregiver in daily tasks, and all of the caregiver burden dimensions were related and predictive factors for the general functioning of participants.

Conclusions: Most of the caregiver's burden and family functioning dimensions among participants were higher than the average achievable scores, suggesting relatively unfavorable conditions. There was a statistical relationship between most of these dimensions. Implementing caring and educational interventions in order to reduce the caregiver burden and improve family functioning among family caregivers of HD patients is recommended.

Background: Despite the existence of ethical codes in the clinical environment, the rate of unethical behaviors in practice is alarmingly high today. An exploration of the experiences from multiple perspectives (patients, patients' companions, and different groups of care providers) can result in a more comprehensive and holistic understanding of the concept of ethical behaviors toward patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the experiences of patients, patient companions, and care providers with ethical and unethical behaviors toward patients using a qualitative study.

Materials and methods: This was a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis design. The setting of the study was different departments of teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The participants consisted of 25 individuals: nine patients, three patient companions, and 13 healthcare providers. The subjects were selected via the purposeful sampling method until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth, and semi-structured interviews and observation from March 2022 to April 2023. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA.

Results: Analysis of the data resulted in three main categories: respect for human dignity (seven subcategories), professional duty of care (five subcategories), and effective interaction (four subcategories).

Conclusions: The findings of the present study stress the need for on-the-job training programs for healthcare providers to raise their awareness of the role of ethical behaviors in caregiving. Establishment of clinical ethics committees and arrangement of ethical rounds with doctors and nurses can promote ethical behaviors in clinical environments.

Background: Staff burnout was a major challenge for healthcare systems globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, this study aimed to examine the mental health status of employees in two hospitals: one that admitted patients with COVID-19 (COVID-19 hospital) and another that did not admit such patients (non-COVID-19 hospital).

Materials and methods: This multistage case-control study was conducted on 1241 participants who were selected using the census sampling method. The participants completed the Symptom Checklist 25 and a demographic checklist, along with the assessment of other relevant variables. Data collection occurred at 3 (June 2020), 6 (September 2020), and 9 (December 2020) months following the COVID-19 outbreak. The data were analyzed in using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for statistical analysis.

Results: Among the 300 staff members at the COVID-19 hospital, 187 (62%), 73 (24%), and 40 (13%) members were medical, nonmedical, and administrative staff, respectively. At the non-COVID-19 hospital, out of 300 staff members, 235 (78%), 53 (18%), and 12 (4%) members were medical, nonmedical, and administrative staff, respectively. The staff at the COVID-19 hospital showed higher total SCL-25 scores, compared to those at the non-COVID-19 hospital. Despite an overall upward trend in psychiatric disorders in both groups, significant differences were observed at 6 months (p = 0.02) and 9 months (p < 0.001) following the outbreak.

Conclusions: The staff at the COVID-19 hospital were at a higher risk of developing mental health disorders. The mental health status of employees at both hospitals evolved over time.

Background: Chronic malnutrition can cause children to be underweight for their age, leading to stunting. This study aimed to examine the association between infectious diseases and stunting in toddlers.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across Indonesia in 2021, involving 90,897 toddlers. Data were obtained through maternal interviews and anthropometric measurements. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used.

Results: Results showed that toddler age, gender, place of residence, and parental education and occupation were significantly associated with stunting, p < 0.001 (OR = 1.1-3.6). Infectious diseases, including Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs), diarrhea, pneumonia, and worm infections, were also significantly associated with stunting, p < 0.05 (OR = 1.1-1.5).

Conclusions: Infectious diseases, including ARIs, diarrhea, pneumonia, and worm infections, are significantly associated with stunting. These findings highlight the importance of preventing and managing infections to reduce stunting in Indonesian toddlers.

Background: Women who choose natural childbirth feel empowered and in control. Support from midwives can enhance the experience. Women's childbirth experiences affect their care quality, physical/mental health, and future preferences. A study aimed to comprehend women's experiences of childbirth violence within the health system.

Materials and methods: The research in Iran focused on creating a questionnaire about childbirth violence by interviewing 26 women who recently gave birth. Participants met specific criteria such as age, delivery experience, and Persian language proficiency. Data from the interviews was analyzed using qualitative content analysis between August and December 2019 in Ilam province, Iran, as part of a broader mixed-method study.

Results: Dimensions of childbirth Violence in the health system are classified into two main categories based on the mothers' narratives: "The superiority approach of the health system towards the mother" and "deprivation of the mother from desirable health system". These two main categories are described in eight subcategories (physical abuse, psychological abuse, ignoring the human dignity of the mother, refusal of optimal care, poor interaction with mother, lack of resources, lack of skilled care, and weak accountable regulatory policies which included 22 final codes.

Conclusion: This study serves as a crucial step in recognizing and addressing the multifaceted issue of childbirth violence in Iran, aiming to enhance the quality of care and protect the rights of mothers during one of the most significant experiences of their lives.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the clinical training of nursing students. Because the quality improvement of nursing clinical training, in which nursing educators play a major role, requires the continuous monitoring of the status quo, this study aimed to explore the nursing educators' experiences of clinical internships during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2021 in Tehran, Iran. Participants (n = 10) were faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and were training nursing students in medical-surgical wards in educational hospitals. Data were collected from November 2021 to January 2022 through deep, semi-structured, and face-to-face interviews until data saturation by nurse researchers and were analyzed by the Graneheim and Lundman (2004) method.

Results: Analysis revealed five main categories including "fear of coronavirus disease," "increased attention to health protocols," "educational challenges," "shortage of personal protective equipment" and "adaptation to pandemic conditions."

Conclusions: These findings showed nursing educators face many problems in teaching clinical skills to students during the COVID-19 pandemic; so, health policymakers should put policies that can manage this crisis in future occurrences. In educational curricula, critical conditions affecting the quality of student's education should be taken into consideration to reduce obstacles.